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Iran Ve Hollywood Sinemasi Üzerinden DOĞU VE BATI SİNEMASI KARŞILAŞTIRMASI: İRAN VE HOLLYWOOD SİNEMASI ÜZERİNDEN Tubanur DUMLU SAĞIR Yüksek Lisans Tezi Radyo-Tv ve Sinema Anabilim Dalı Doç. Dr. Naci İSPİR 2013 Her Hakkı Saklıdır ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ RADYO-TV VE SİNEMA ANABİLİM DALI Tubanur DUMLU SAĞIR DOĞU VE BATI SİNEMASI KARŞILAŞTIRMASI: İRAN VE HOLLYWOOD SİNEMASI ÜZERİNDEN YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ TEZ YÖNETİCİSİ Doç. Dr. Naci İSPİR ERZURUM – 2013 T.C. ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ TEZ BEYAN FORMU 05/03/2013 SOSYAL BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜNE BİLDİRİM Atatürk Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim-Öğretim ve Sınav Yönetmeliğine göre hazırlamış olduğum " DO ĞU VE BATI SİNEMASI KARŞILAŞTIRMASI: İRAN VE HOLLYWOOD SİNEMASI ÜZERİNDEN " adlı tezin/raporun tamamen kendi çalışmam olduğunu ve her alıntıya kaynak gösterdiğimi taahhüt eder, tezimin/raporumun kağıt ve elektronik kopyalarının Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü arşivlerinde aşağıda belirttiğim koşullarda saklanmasına izin verdiğimi onaylarım: Lisansüstü Eğitim-Öğretim yönetmeliğinin ilgili maddeleri uyarınca gereğinin yapılmasını arz ederim. � den erişime açılabilir. � açılabilir. � sonunda uzatma için başvuruda bulunmadığım takdirde, tezimin/raporumun tamamı her yerden erişime açılabilir. 05.03.2013 Tubanur DUMLU SAĞIR I İÇİNDEKİLER ÖZET ............................................................................................................................ VII ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... VIII KISALTMALAR DİZİNİ ........................................................................................... IX ÖNSÖZ ............................................................................................................................ X GİRİŞ ............................................................................................................................... 1 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM SİNEMA TARİHİ VE AKIMLARI 1.1. SİNEMA NEDİR? .................................................................................................... 6 1.2. SİNEMA TARİHİ .................................................................................................... 9 1.2.1. Sinemanın İlk Dönemi- Sessiz Sinema ......................................................... 11 1.2.2. Sesli Sinema ..................................................................................................... 14 1.2.3. Modern Sinema ............................................................................................... 16 1.3. SİNEMA AKIMLARI ........................................................................................... 17 1.3.1. Fütürizm (Gelecekçi) Akım ........................................................................... 18 1.3.2. Dışavurumculuk( Expressionismus) Akımı ................................................. 20 1.3.3. Fransız Avant-Garde Akımı .......................................................................... 21 1.3.4. İzlenimcilik (Empresyonizm) ........................................................................ 23 1.3.5. Şiirsel Gerçeklik ............................................................................................. 24 1.3.6. İngiliz Belgeselciliği ........................................................................................ 26 1.3.7. İtalyan Yeni Gerçekciliği ............................................................................... 27 1.3.8. Fransız Yeni Dalgası ...................................................................................... 30 1.3.9. Özgür Sinema (Free Cinema) ........................................................................ 33 1.3.10. Amerikan Deneysel Sineması ya da Undergound Sinema ........................ 35 1.3.11. İran Yeni Dalgası .......................................................................................... 37 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM İRAN’IN TARİHİ VE TOPLUM YAPISI 2.1. İRAN İSLAM CUMHURİYETİ’NİN TARİHİ İRAN’IN TARİHİ VE TOPLUM YAPISI ......................................................................................................... 40 II ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM İRAN SİNEMASI 3.1. İRAN SİNEMASININ DOĞUŞU ......................................................................... 50 3.2. DEVRİM ÖNCESİ İRAN SİNEMASI ................................................................. 52 3.2.1. 1930–1960 Arası İran Sineması ..................................................................... 53 3.2.2. 1960 – 1978 Arası İran Sineması ................................................................... 55 3.3. DEVRİM SONRASI İRAN SİNEMASI .............................................................. 60 3.3.1. 1979 – 1997 arası İran sineması .................................................................... 61 3.3.2. 1997 - 2012 Arası İran Sineması ................................................................... 69 3.4. İRAN SİNEMASINDA SANSÜR ......................................................................... 77 3.5. İRAN SİNEMASINDA CİNSİYET OLGUSU .................................................... 80 DÖRDÜNCÜ BÖLÜM AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NİN TARİHİ VE TOPLUM YAPISI 4.1. AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİNİN TARİHİ ....................................... 85 BEŞİNCİ BÖLÜM HOLLYWOOD SİNEMASI 5.1. HOLLYWOOD SİNEMASININ DOĞUŞU ...................................................... 102 5.2. KLASİK HOLLYWOOD SİNEMASI ............................................................... 105 5.3. HOLLYWOOD RÖNESANSI VE BAĞIMSIZ AMERİKAN SİNEMASI ... 112 5.4. HOLLYWOOD SİNEMASINDA CİNSİYET OLGUSU ................................ 119 5.5. HOLLYWOOD SİNEMASINDA SANSÜR ...................................................... 124 ALTINCI BÖLÜM FİLM İNCELEMELERİ 6.1. BİR AYRILIK / A SEPERATİON / JODAİYE NADER AZ SİMİN ............ 126 6.1.1. Filmin Künyesi .............................................................................................. 126 6.1.2. Filmin Özeti ................................................................................................... 127 6.1.3. Filmin Konusu .............................................................................................. 128 6.1.4. Filmin Öyküsü / Olay Örgüsü ..................................................................... 129 III 6.1.5. Filmin Karakterleri ...................................................................................... 130 6.1.6. Filmin Mekanı .............................................................................................. 131 6.1.7. Zaman Özelliği .............................................................................................. 131 6.1.8. Aydınlatma Özellikleri ................................................................................. 131 6.1.9. Kurgu Özellikleri .......................................................................................... 131 6.1.10. Kamera Hareketlerinin Özellikleri ........................................................... 131 6.1.11. Uzun çekimler var mıdır? .......................................................................... 131 6.2.12. Film Belirsiz midir? , Çok Anlamlılık Var mıdır? .................................. 132 6.1.13. İzleyicinin Konumu .................................................................................... 132 6.1.14. Film Geçişli mi, Geçişsiz midir? ................................................................ 132 6.1.15. Filmde Tekli Anlatım mı, Çoklu Anlatım mı Vardır? ............................ 133 6.1.16. Film Açık Uçlu mudur, Belirli Bir Sonu Var mıdır? .............................. 133 6.1.17. Film Yapıntı mı, Gerçek midir? ................................................................ 133 6.2. CENNETİN ÇOCUKLARI (CHİLDREN OF HEAVEN) .............................. 134 6.2.1. Filmin Künyesi .............................................................................................. 134 6.2.2. Filmin Özeti ................................................................................................... 135 6.2.3. Filmin Konusu .............................................................................................. 135 6.2.4. Filmin Olay Örgüsü / Öyküleme Özellikleri .............................................. 136 6.2.5. Filmin Karakterleri ...................................................................................... 137 6.2.6. Filmin Mekanı .............................................................................................. 137 6.2.7. Zaman Özelliği .............................................................................................. 137 6.2.8. Aydınlatma Özellikleri ................................................................................. 138 6.2.9. Kurgu Özellikleri .......................................................................................... 138 6.2.10. Kamera Hareketlerinin Özellikleri ........................................................... 139 6.2.11. Uzun çekimler var mıdır? .......................................................................... 139 6.2.12. Film Belirsiz midir? , Çok Anlamlılık Var mıdır? .................................. 139 6.2.13. İzleyicinin Konumu .................................................................................... 139 6.2.14. Film Geçişli mi, Geçişsiz midir? ................................................................ 140 6.2.15. Filmde Tekli Anlatım mı, Çoklu Anlatım mı Vardır? ............................ 140 6.2.16. Film Açık Uçlu mudur, Belirli Bir Sonu Var mıdır?
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