Editorial Statement

the Factors Motivating Congressional Review 78: 417-434. Wittman, Donald. 1983. "Candidate Motiva- Behavior." Public Choice 63: 237-252. Steiner, Jurg. 1990. "Rational Choice Theo- tion: A Synthesis of Alternatives." Ameri- Riker, William H. 1982. Liberalism Against ries and Politics: A Research Agenda and can Review 77: 142-57. Populism: A Confrontation between the a Moral Question." PS: Political Science Theory of Democracy and the Theory of & Politics 23: 46-50. Social Choice. San Francisco: W.H. Tullock, Gordon. 1984. "A (Partial) Re- Freeman. habilitation of the Public Interest Shepsle, Kenneth A. 1978. The Giant Jigsaw Theory." Public Choice 42: 89-99. About the Author Puzzle: Democratic Committee Assign- Walker, Jack L. 1990. "Political Mobiliza- ments in the Modern House. : tion in America," in Institutions in Amer- Paul Edward Johnson, currently visiting at Press. ican Society: Essays in Market, Political, the Yale School of Management, is an assis- Shepsle, Kenneth A. and Barry Weingast. and Social Organizations, ed. John E. tant professor at the University of Kansas. His 1984. "Political Solutions to Market Jackson. Ann Arbor: University of Michi- fields of interest include formal and positive Problems." American Political Science gan Press, pp. 163-188. theory, methodology, political parties and interest groups.

Editorial Statement

Matthew Holden, Jr.*

Introduction cans were treated as (/"they presented group") politics or as class politics, no analytically interesting questions. with or without the Marxist variant, It is my particular honor to have They surely were not deemed signifi- this treatment left no intellectually been appointed Editor of the Na- cant to central issues of political sci- compelling issues regarding race or tional Political Science Review for ence. That is why Ralph J. Bunche ethnicity. The assumption of the Volumes IV-VI (1992-94). Lucius J. could say, in 1941, that generally in Anglo-centric polity remained an un- Barker, my colleague of many years, political science "there isn't a very disturbed feature of the canon. has been brilliantly successful as the cordial reception for papers dealing The inklings of a "scientific" founding Editor. It is sufficient chal- with the Negro."2 study of politics, notably in the work lenge to maintain the high and in- The explanation probably lies in of Charles E. Merriam, just after dependent intellectual standard that World War I, anticipated by a long Barker has established. No major some combination of social and in- tellectual history. The central intellec- distance what would occur after changes of policy or practice are con- World War II. After World War II, templated. As before, the first re- tual concern of late 19th and early 20th century political science was political scientists came strongly to quirement is careful scholarship, but accept a more self-conscious and no particular methodological or theo- "popular government," restyled "democracy" later on. This political explicit idea of "science" and a more retical orthodoxy is to be enforced. abstract concern with "power." This If it is political science, the NPSR is science studied, more than anything else, the law, philosophy, and history did not alter, however, the central interested. As there is a special his- tendency of political scientists to tory, however, some additional com- of "government," with an acute em- phasis on American institutions, the think of Black-related questions as ments may be helpful. The National peripheral. They could, from the Political Science Review has been, governments of France, Germany, and Great Britain, and international viewpoints held, be understood fully and continues to be, particularly within existing intellectual param- open to research about the political law, with a moderate addition of Asian and colonial government. It eters. Nor did the introduction of a relations of African-descended social science saturated with intel- groups, especially in the United emerged within the Anglo-centric in- lectual problems defined from the States. tellectual tradition that dominated moral problems of Central Europe American scholarship well into the make much difference for a long 20th century. , A. time. The moral and intellectual Lawrence Lowell, Frank J. Goodnow problems of the United States were Note on the and William Bennet Munro may be substantially set aside. Intellectual Background regarded as adequately representative figures in the tradition. The leaders On the basis of published research, of this emergent discipline more or over the past one hundred years, it is less took for granted that the polit- Recent Work fair to say that the discipline of polit- ical community was essentially a ical science, overall, has proceeded as "white" community.3 The big ques- There has been a perceptible shift, if these political relations were tion, instead, was about both the em- especially since about 1960 and cer- exotica. They might be interesting pirical and the normal role of wealth tainly since the effects of the civil possibly to Blacks or to occasional in the polity. Whether understood as rights movement have come into aca- white scholars.' On the whole, the group (later "pressure group" and demic life.4 There is now a book lit- political relations of African Ameri- still later the cooled down "interest erature. There is now emerging a

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periodical literature. The latter, espe- cially, increasingly reflects the CONTENTS—VOLUME I applications of those quantitative methods from the Angus Campbell- Editor's Note 3 Warren Miller-Survey Research Cen- Liberalism and Black Political Thought: The Afro-American Dilemma ter mode to the politics of non-white Stuart Alan Clarke 5 ethnic minorities. The effect is strong Political Movements in American Politics: An Essay on Concept enough that one can note the re- and Analysis markable fact of another journal Robert H. Salisbury 15 carrying last year two such articles in Civil Rights and Liberties in the First Term of the Rehnquist Court: one issue.5 We similarly note the The Quest for Doctrines and Votes emergence of panels at the American Twiley W. Barker and Michael W. Combs 31 Political Science Association on Getting Out the Black Vote: The Party Canvass and the Black Response "Race, Gender and Ethnicity," Michael A. Krassa 58 which suggest the emergence of a Second-Generation Educational Discrimination and White Flight new subfield in the discipline. from Public Schools This shift is important for the Kenneth J. Meier, Joseph Stewart* Jr. and Robert E. England 76 basic intellectual health of the disci- SYMPOSIUM I: The Iran-Contra Affair pline. The National Political Science Doin' the Cincinnati or What Is There About the White House Review is open to disciplined thought That Makes Its Occupants Do Bad Things? and substantial empirical inquiry Theodore J. Lowi 91 about such relationships. Perhaps it The Iran-Contra Hearings and Executive Policymaking will be helpful to suggest broadly Francis E. Rourke 96 some of the possibilities. In the first place, of course, there is the normal Congress on the Defensive: An Hypothesis from the Iran-Contra Problem Mathew Holden, Jr. 100 array of studies that are defined within existing parameters of political The Iran-Contra Affair: Errant Globalism in Action science: Presidency, Congress, public Ernest J. Wilson, III 110 administration, interest groups, state SYMPOSIUM H: Black Americans and the Constitution 6 and local government, and so forth. Executive Authority, Constitutional Interpretation, and Civil Rights Beyond these, it may be worthwhile Barbara Luck Graham 114 to indicate some other possibilities. Civil Rights and the Fragmentation of Government Power Lawrence Baum 121 Some Possibilities for the Time The Constitution, the Supreme Court, and Racism: Compromises on the Way to Democracy 1. Ethnic Plurality William J. Daniels 126 BOOK FORUM The National Political Science Review Essays: Jesse Jackson and Presidential Politics Review will encompass not merely African-American politics, but the Black Presidential Strategies and Institutional Constraints political relations of other historical- WilliamE. Nelson, Jr. 133 ly, or presently, subordinated groups Jacksonian Democracy—Black Style: Differing Perspectives and the contexts in which those rela- William Crotty 143 tions have been manifest. The prob- Bibliographic Essays lem is not how sympathetic or un- The Current Literature on Black Politics sympathetic a scholar may be to the Hanes Walton, Jr. 152 claims of African-descended persons. Similarities and Differences: Reflections on Political Science Research It is how to explore the multi-ethnic on Women and Politics dynamic, how to appraise the pros- Liane C. Kosaki 169 pects of the racially-stratified consti- Chicano Politics in the 1980s and Beyond: A Review of the Literature tutional democracy, and how to fore- in the Decade of the Hispanics cast the political consequences of a John A. Garcia 180 market economy characterized by Indians and the Social Contract severe racial inelasticities. The under- Joyotpaul Chaudhuri 190 lying conceptual issues in the multi- ethnic polity go to the question of Book Reviews what is a viable (accurately predic- Whose Votes Count? Affirmative Action and Minority Voting Rights tive) theory of political integration Reviewed by Lorn S. Foster 201 (and its converse, disintegration). Gender Justice The issue also presents itself in the Reviewed by Jilda Aliotta 203

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polity that is not constitutional, in CONTENTS—VOLUME II our sense, and in which the market Editor's Note 1 economy does not exist, as is mani- fest in Soviet politics of recent times. SPECIAL ANNIVERSARY SECTION NCOBPS: Twenty Years Later 2. The Internal Politics of Mack H. Jones 3 Groups NCOBPS: Observations on the State of the Organization Dianne M. Pinderhughes 13 While "the State" is again in vogue, the Editor will also welcome FEATURE ARTICLES research grounded in other perspec- Racial Belief Systems, Religious Guidance, and African-American tives. Among other things, there is Political Participation room for new work on "private poli- Michael C. Dawson, Ronald E. Brown, and Richard L. Allen 22 tics," or the internal conduct of non- White/Black Perceptions of the Electability of Black Political Candidates governmental entities. What, for in- Linda F. Williams 45 stance, is the decision-making mode Electoral Politics, Affirmative Action, and the Supreme Court: present in "the Black community," The Case of Richmond v. Croson so that the preferences attributed to W. Avon Drake and Robert D. Holsworth .... 65 the African-American population are Political Responses to Underemployment among African Americans identified or changed? What is the Cedric Herring and Gloria Jones-Johnson 92 support basis and the decision- The Politics of Desegregation in Higher Education: making mode for any of the major Analysis of Adams States Progress Black organizations, such as the Joseph "Pete" Silver, Sr., and Rodney W. Dennis 110 National Association for the Ad- vancement of Colored People, the SYMPOSIUM: Big-City Black Mayors: Have They Made a Difference? National Urban League, the African Introduction Methodist Episcopal Church, or the Michael B. Preston (Symposium Editor) 129 National Baptist Convention of the Big-City Black Mayors: An Overview U.S.A., Inc.? What is to be said of Michael B. Preston 131 interest groups, how they arise and Black Mayoral Leadership in Atlanta: A Comment change, and what their level of effi- MackH. Jones 138 ciency is in achieving what they seek? Mayor of the Colony: Effective Mayoral Leadership as a Matter of What is the empirical knowledge of Public Perception the structure of the Black community Georgia A. Persons and Lenneal J. Henderson 145 in comparison to, as an example, the Black Political and Mayoral Leadership in Birmingham and structure of the Jewish community? New Orleans Scholars might, for instance, choose Huey Perry 154 to examine not only the governance The Political Legacy of Harold Washington: 1983-1987 of the public to which they common- Robert T. Starks and Michael B. Preston 161 ly direct their attention. They might Black Political Power in the City of Angels: An Analysis of also direct their attention to the gov- Mayor Tom Bradley's Electoral Success ernance of the work place in which Byran Jackson 169 they spend most of their lives, name- ly the college or university itself. The Politics of Detroit: A Look Ahead Wilbur C. Rich 176 Mayor W. Wilson Goode of Philadelphia: The Technocrat 3. Public Policy Bruce Ransom 183 Black Mayoral Leadership: A Twenty-Year Perspective The Editor would welcome at- WilliamE. Nelson, Jr. 188 tempts to apply political science con- cepts to the examination of public BOOK FORUM policy. Contributions are invited in Review Essays: Black Politics which public policy and policy rela- The Pioneering Books on Black Politics and the Political Science tionships to African-Americans and Community, 1903-1965 other subordinated groups would be Hanes Walton, Jr., Leslie B. McLemore, and C. Vernon Gray 196 examined. Among the subjects on Independent Leveraging and Local Community Development which sound research is particularly Mary Coleman 219 needed is the entire system of public Bibliographic Essays: Race, Class, and Urban Politics order (or "criminal justice," if some prefer). This might include study on Race, Ethnicity, and the Politics of Resources Charles V. Hamilton 223 how communal order is induced (if it is), which is both a major practical

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voyages, decision-making about Separate and Unequal Societies in Urban Politics them, and their consequences for Susan Welch 228 human society, both on this side of Social Science, Public Policy, and Persistent Poverty among the Atlantic and in Europe, and Urban Blacks: A Review of Current Thought Africa. In the same spirit, the Editor Roland Anglin 234 would particularly welcome attempts Urban Politics to explore the later transformation of Zelma A. Mosley 244 European imperial ventures into a Race, Class, and Politics: A Conceptual Critique of William J. Wilson's self-conscious "white supremacy." Model of American Racial History The global politics of "white Eric Moskowitz 249 supremacy" in the second half of the Book Reviews nineteenth century, and the first third On Account of Sex: The Politics of Women's Issues 1945-1968 (more or less) of the twentieth cen- Reviewed by Sarah Slavin 264 tury deserves attention. In this last Slavery and Its Consequences: The Constitution, Equality, and Race decade of the twentieth century, Reviewed by Rickey Hill 267 political scientists may also wish to Coleman Young and Detroit Politics: From Social Activists to consider the new politics that should Power Broker be associated with a Europe that Reviewed by Hanes Walton, Jr. 268 tends to be both unified and power- Strategies for Mobilizing Black Voters: Four Case Studies ful, in a way that a Europe never Reviewed by Marilyn K. Dantico 269 was before, as well as to other power shifts in the world. Political Power in the Postindustrial City: An Introduction to Urban Politics Reviewed by Michael O. Adams 271 Urban Reform and Its Consequences: A Study in Representation General Comment Reviewed by Raphael J. Sonenshein 273 Book Notes The special emphasis in the pre- The 1984 National Black Election Study Sourcebook 275 vious discussion must also not obscure the fundamental point. The Urban Minority Administrators: Politics, Policy, and Style 275 NPSR is a journal of political sci- When the Marching Stopped: The Politics of Civil Rights ence, as its first volumes have shown, Regulatory Agencies 275 and is open to inquiry on any sub- ject. The present Editor will receive not only papers within the scope indicated, as well as the papers on issue and a theoretical issue of far- reflect new data, thorough re-exam- the politics of economic and financial reaching proportions. Studies of ination of old data, or some substan- change, on "globalization," and the public order might include not only tial new conceptualization. The political consequences of technologi- police and policing, but prosecution, Editor will discourage mere expres- cal change. The Editor will, more- the judicial system, the prison and sions of opinion. over, welcome direct inquiries on any penal systems, and the relationships other subject. between those systems and the social 4. Extra-Disciplinary Connections A word may be in order as to the environment. Similarly, one might receipt of submissions. The answer is make inquiries into the systems of The present Editor has a special that we are wide open to all scholars. social insurance and public assis- interest in work about politics that Some highly regarded journals have tance, re-examinations of the systems attempts to assimilate concepts and deemed it worthwhile to restrict pub-, of public housing, and of the educa- data from other disciplines, notably lication to authors chosen on extrin- tional system. The Editor believes anthropology, economics, geography, sic criteria, such as location. The there is need for deep and thorough history, psychology, sociology and National Political Science Review, inquiry into the phenomenon of af- law. The crucial requirement is that though sponsored by the National firmative actions, its origins, its sup- concepts or data produced in other Conference of Black Political Scien- porting and opposing coalitions, and fields be systematically applied to tists, adopts no such extrinsic cri- its results as well as unintended side politics, and that the relationships to terion. The Editor looks forward to effects. existing political science concepts be the receipt of submissions from The foregoing items are merely treated seriously. scholarly colleagues on the widest illustrations. The NPSR will welcome As one potentiality, note that the possible basis, both in the United policy studies, where the analytical first volume under the current Editor States and elsewhere in the world. and conceptual tools and problems will appear in 1992, which is the The Editor also looks forward to of political science are brought to 500th anniversary of the Columbian communications from any scholar of bear, without restriction as to the voyages. The occasion may call for politics discussing subjects related to subject matter of the policy. The retrospective application of political the welfare of the journal or the prime requirements will be that work science concepts to the Columbian study of politics.

616 PS: Political Science & Politics Editorial Statement

of Learned Societies, Bulletin No. 12, 1941. 377-393; and Paula D. McClain and Albert Notes 3. The premise appears to have been even K. Karnig, "Black and Hispanic Socio- stronger in sociology, psychology, and philos- economic and Political Competition," ibid., *This statement by the Editor of the ophy as one infers from John Mecklin, 535-545. National Political Science Review (NPSR) has Democracy and Race Friction, New York: 6. Georgia Persons, "Blacks in State and been prepared for publication in the NPSR in Macmillan, 1914, especially Chapter II on Local Government: Progress and Con- Volume III, forthcoming in 1991. "Race Traits." The notes in that chapter are straints," The State of Black America, New 1. In my view, the premier figure in this particularly instructive. York: National Urban League, 1987, 167-192. regard was Harold F. Gosnell, whose Negro 4. Hanes Walton, Leslie Burl McLemore, Politicians (Chicago: University of Chicago and C. Vernon Gray, "The Pioneering Books Press, 1935) was far ahead of the curve. on Black Politics and the Political Science Gosnell deserves our respect, as well, as one Community, 1903-1965." Review Essay, About the Author of the earliest political scientists to take National Political Science Review, II (1990): seriously, in his other works, to quantitative 196-218. Matthew Holden, Jr., is the Henry L. and methodological innovation. 5. Lawrence Bobo and Franklin D. Grace M. Doherty Professor in the Depart- 2. Comments in Melville J. Herskovits Gilliam, Jr., "Race, Sociopolitical Participa- ment of Government and Foreign Affairs, (ed.), Interdisciplinary Aspects of Negro tion, and Black Empowerment," American . He is the editor of the Studies, Washington, DC: American Council Political Science Review 84:2 (June 1990): National Political Science Review.

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