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Common Features of All Cells Bacterial www.denniskunkel.com Tour of the Cell part 1 Today’s Topics • Finish Nucleic Acids Cells • Properties of all cells – Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes • Functions of Major Cellular Organelles – Information – Synthesis&Transport – Energy Conversion – Recycling – Structure and Movement Bacterial cell Animal Cell 9/12/12 (Prokaryote) (Eukaryote) 2 www.denniskunkel.com Common features of all cells • Plasma Membrane – defines inside from outside • Cytosol – Semifluid “inside” of the cell • DNA “chromosomes” - Genetic material – hereditary instructions • Ribosomes – “factories” to synthesize proteins 4 Plasma membrane Bacterial (Prokaryotic) Cell Ribosomes! Plasma membrane! Bacterial Cell wall! chromosome ! Phospholipid bilayer Proteins 0.5 !m! Flagella! No internal membranes 5 6 1 Figure 6.2b 1 cm Eukaryotic Cell Frog egg 1 mm Human egg 100 µm Most plant and animal cells 10 m µ Nucleus Most bacteria Light microscopy Mitochondrion 1 µm Super- 100 nm Smallest bacteria Viruses resolution microscopy Ribosomes 10 nm Electron microscopy Proteins Lipids 1 nm Small molecules Contains internal organelles 7 0.1 nm Atoms endoplasmicENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM reticulum (ER) ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) NUCLEUS NUCLEUS Rough ER Smooth ER nucleus Rough ER Smooth ER Nucleus Plasma membrane Plasma membrane Centrosome Centrosome cytoskeletonCYTOSKELETON CYTOSKELETON Microfilaments You should Microfilaments Intermediate filaments know everything Intermediate filaments Microtubules in Fig 6.9 ribosomesRibosomes Microtubules Ribosomes cytosol GolgiGolgi apparatus apparatus Golgi apparatus Peroxisome Peroxisome In animal cells but not plant cells: In animal cells but not plant cells: Lysosome Lysosomes Lysosome Lysosomes Figure 6.9 Centrioles Figure 6.9 Centrioles Mitochondrion lysosome Flagella (in some plant 9sperm) Mitochondrion Flagella (in some plant10 sperm) mitochondrion Nuclear envelope Nucleus Nucleus 1 !m Nucleolus Chromatin Nuclear envelope: Inner membrane Outer membrane Pores Pore complex Rough ER Surface of nuclear envelope. Ribosome 1 !m 0.25 !m Close-up of nuclear envelope Figure 6.10 11 12 Pore complexes (TEM). Nuclear lamina (TEM). 2 ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) Ribosomes NUCLEUS EndoplasmicRough ER Smooth ER Cytosol Reticulum ER Free Ribosomes Make Cytoplasmic Proteins Plasma membrane – Carry out protein synthesis Centrosome CYTOSKELETON Membrane Bound Ribosomes Microfilaments Make Proteins to be Exported Intermediate filaments Microtubules RibosomesRibosomes Large subunit GolgiGolgi apparatus apparatus TEM showing ER and ribosomes Peroxisome 0.5 !m In animal cells but not plant cells: Small Lysosome Lysosomes Figure 6.9 Centrioles subunit 13 Mitochondrion Flagella (in some plant14 sperm) Figure 6.11 RNA & Protein Complex Diagram of a ribosome 1 Nuclear envelope is Nucleus connected to ER Smooth ER Rough ER Smooth ER 2 transport vesicles • Synthesis of membrane lipids Golgi • Synthesizes steroids 3 Golgi pinches off Transport • Stores calcium Vesicles, Lysosomes, etc. • Detoxifies poison Figure 6.16 4 5 Plasma6 membrane expands by fusion of vesicles.15 16 Rough ER Golgi Apparatus: Has attached ribosomes protein secretion Processing, packaging and sorting center • Synthesis of – secreted proteins – membrane proteins Cis Trans Golgi Golgi Close Away To Rough From ER Rough ER 17 18 3 .
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