www.denniskunkel.com Tour of the Cell part 1 Today’s Topics • Finish Nucleic Acids Cells
• Properties of all cells – Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes • Functions of Major Cellular Organelles – Information – Synthesis&Transport – Energy Conversion – Recycling – Structure and Movement
Bacterial cell Animal Cell 9/12/12 (Prokaryote) (Eukaryote) 2 www.denniskunkel.com
Common features of all cells • Plasma Membrane – defines inside from outside
• Cytosol – Semifluid “inside” of the cell
• DNA “chromosomes” - Genetic material – hereditary instructions
• Ribosomes – “factories” to synthesize proteins 4
Bacterial (Prokaryotic) Cell Plasma membrane
Ribosomes!
Plasma membrane!
Bacterial Cell wall! chromosome ! Phospholipid bilayer Proteins 0.5 !m! Flagella!
No internal membranes
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1 Figure 6.2b 1 cm
Eukaryotic Cell Frog egg 1 mm
Human egg 100 µm Most plant and animal cells 10 m µ Nucleus
Most bacteria microscopy Light Mitochondrion 1 µm
Super- 100 nm Smallest bacteria Viruses resolution microscopy Ribosomes
10 nm microscopyElectron Proteins Lipids 1 nm Contains internal organelles Small molecules 7 0.1 nm Atoms
endoplasmicENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM reticulum (ER) ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) NUCLEUS NUCLEUS Rough ER Smooth ER nucleus Rough ER Smooth ER Nucleus
Plasma membrane Plasma membrane Centrosome Centrosome
cytoskeletonCYTOSKELETON CYTOSKELETON Microfilaments You should Microfilaments Intermediate filaments know everything Intermediate filaments Microtubules in Fig 6.9 ribosomesRibosomes Microtubules Ribosomes cytosol GolgiGolgi apparatus apparatus Golgi apparatus Peroxisome Peroxisome
In animal cells but not plant cells: In animal cells but not plant cells: Lysosome Lysosomes Lysosome Lysosomes Figure 6.9 Centrioles Figure 6.9 Centrioles Mitochondrion lysosome Flagella (in some plant 9sperm) Mitochondrion Flagella (in some plant10 sperm) mitochondrion
Nuclear envelope Nucleus
Nucleus 1 !m Nucleolus Chromatin
Nuclear envelope: Inner membrane Outer membrane
Pores
Pore complex
Rough ER
Surface of nuclear envelope. Ribosome 1 !m
0.25 !m
Close-up of nuclear envelope
Figure 6.10 11 12 Pore complexes (TEM). Nuclear lamina (TEM).
2 Ribosomes ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) NUCLEUS EndoplasmicRough ER Smooth ER Cytosol Reticulum ER Free Ribosomes Make Cytoplasmic Proteins Plasma membrane – Carry out protein synthesis Centrosome
CYTOSKELETON Membrane Bound Ribosomes Microfilaments Make Proteins to be Exported Intermediate filaments Microtubules RibosomesRibosomes
Large subunit GolgiGolgi apparatus apparatus TEM showing ER and ribosomes Peroxisome 0.5 !m In animal cells but not plant cells: Small Lysosome Lysosomes Figure 6.9 Centrioles subunit 13 Mitochondrion Flagella (in some plant14 sperm) Figure 6.11 RNA & Protein Complex Diagram of a ribosome
1 Nuclear envelope is Nucleus connected to ER Smooth ER Rough ER Smooth ER 2 transport vesicles • Synthesis of membrane lipids Golgi • Synthesizes steroids 3 Golgi pinches off Transport • Stores calcium Vesicles, Lysosomes, etc. • Detoxifies poison
Figure 6.16 4 5 Plasma6 membrane expands by fusion of vesicles.15 16
Rough ER Golgi Apparatus: Has attached ribosomes protein secretion Processing, packaging and sorting center • Synthesis of – secreted proteins – membrane proteins Cis Trans Golgi Golgi Close Away To Rough From ER Rough ER
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