Common Features of All Cells Bacterial

<a href="/goto?url=http://www.denniskunkel.com" target="_blank">www.denniskunkel.com </a>Tour of the Cell part 1 Today’s Topics Cells •ꢀ Finish Nucleic Acids •ꢀ Properties of all cells –ꢀ Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes •ꢀ Functions of Major Cellular Organelles –ꢀ Information –ꢀ Synthesis&Transport –ꢀ Energy Conversion –ꢀ Recycling –ꢀ Structure and Movement Animal Cell (Eukaryote)2 Bacterial cell (Prokaryote) 9/12/12 <a href="/goto?url=http://www.denniskunkel.com" target="_blank">www.denniskunkel.com </a>Common features of all cells •ꢀ Plasma Membrane –ꢀdefines inside from outside •ꢀ Cytosol –ꢀSemifluid “inside” of the cell •ꢀ DNA “chromosomes” -ꢀ Genetic material – hereditary instructions •ꢀ Ribosomes –ꢀ“factories” to synthesize proteins 4Plasma membrane Bacterial (Prokaryotic) Cell Ribosomes! Plasma membrane! Cell wall! Bacterial chromosome! Phospholipid <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">bilayer </li><li style="flex:1">Proteins </li></ul>0.5 !m! Flagella! No internal membranes <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">5</li><li style="flex:1">6</li></ul>1Figure 6.2b 1 cm 1 mm Eukaryotic Cell Frog egg Human egg 100 µm Most plant and animal cells 10 µm 1 µm Nucleus Most bacteria Mitochondrion Super- resolution microscopy Smallest bacteria Viruses 100 nm 10 nm 1 nm Ribosomes Proteins Lipids Small molecules Atoms Contains internal organelles 70.1 nm <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) </li><li style="flex:1">ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) </li></ul>endoplasmic reticulum NUCLEUS nucleus NUCLEUS Nucleus <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Rough ER </li><li style="flex:1">Smooth ER </li><li style="flex:1">Rough ER </li><li style="flex:1">Smooth ER </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Plasma membrane </li><li style="flex:1">Plasma membrane </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Centrosome </li><li style="flex:1">Centrosome </li></ul>cytoskeleton <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">CYTOSKELETON </li><li style="flex:1">CYTOSKELETON </li></ul>Microfilaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules Microfilaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules You should know everything in Fig 6.9 Ribosomes ribosomes Ribosomes cytosol <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Golgi apparatus </li><li style="flex:1">Golgi apparatus </li></ul>Golgi apparatus <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Peroxisome </li><li style="flex:1">Peroxisome </li></ul>Figure 6.9 In animal cells but not plant cells: Lysosomes In animal cells but not plant cells: Lysosomes Centrioles <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Lysosome </li><li style="flex:1">Lysosome </li></ul>Figure 6.9 Centrioles Flagella (in some lysosome plant9 10 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Mitochondrion </li><li style="flex:1">Mitochondrion </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">sperm) </li><li style="flex:1">Flagella (in some plant sperm) </li></ul>mitochondrion Nuclear envelope Nucleus Nucleus <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">1</li><li style="flex:1">!m </li></ul>Nucleolus Chromatin Nuclear envelope: Inner membrane Outer membrane Pores Pore complex Rough ER Surface of nuclear envelope. <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">1</li><li style="flex:1">!m </li><li style="flex:1">Ribosome </li></ul>0.25 !m Close-up of nuclear envelope Figure 6.10 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">11 </li><li style="flex:1">12 </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Nuclear lamina (TEM). </li><li style="flex:1">Pore complexes (TEM). </li></ul>2ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) Ribosomes NUCLEUS EndoplasmicSmooth ER Reticulum Rough ER Cytosol Free Ribosomes Make Cytoplasmic Proteins ER Plasma membrane Centrosome –ꢀ Carry out protein synthesis CYTOSKELETON Membrane Bound Microfilaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules Ribosomes Make Proteins to be Exported Ribosomes Ribosomes Large subunit Golgi apparatus Golgi apparatus TEM showing ER and ribosomes Peroxisome 0.5 !m In animal cells but not plant cells: Small subunit Diagram of a ribosome Lysosomes Centrioles Flagella (in some plant sperm) Lysosome Figure 6.9 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">13 </li><li style="flex:1">14 </li></ul>Mitochondrion RNA & Protein Complex Figure 6.11 1Nucleus Nuclear envelope is connected to ER Smooth ER Rough ER Smooth ER 2transport vesicles •ꢀ Synthesis of membrane lipids Golgi •ꢀ Synthesizes steroids •ꢀ Stores calcium 3Golgi pinches off Transport Vesicles, Lysosomes, etc. •ꢀ Detoxifies poison Plasma6membrane expands <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">4</li><li style="flex:1">5</li></ul>Figure 6.16 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">15 </li><li style="flex:1">16 </li></ul>by fusion of vesicles. Golgi Apparatus: protein secretion Rough ER Has attached ribosomes Processing, packaging and sorting center •ꢀ Synthesis of –ꢀsecreted proteins –ꢀmembrane proteins Cis Trans Golgi Golgi Close To Rough ER Away From Rough ER <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">17 </li><li style="flex:1">18 </li></ul>3

Common Features of All Cells Bacterial

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