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GLACIERS of NEPAL—Glacier Distribution in the Nepal Himalaya with Comparisons to the Karakoram Range
Glaciers of Asia— GLACIERS OF NEPAL—Glacier Distribution in the Nepal Himalaya with Comparisons to the Karakoram Range By Keiji Higuchi, Okitsugu Watanabe, Hiroji Fushimi, Shuhei Takenaka, and Akio Nagoshi SATELLITE IMAGE ATLAS OF GLACIERS OF THE WORLD Edited by RICHARD S. WILLIAMS, JR., and JANE G. FERRIGNO U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1386–F–6 CONTENTS Glaciers of Nepal — Glacier Distribution in the Nepal Himalaya with Comparisons to the Karakoram Range, by Keiji Higuchi, Okitsugu Watanabe, Hiroji Fushimi, Shuhei Takenaka, and Akio Nagoshi ----------------------------------------------------------293 Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------293 Use of Landsat Images in Glacier Studies ----------------------------------293 Figure 1. Map showing location of the Nepal Himalaya and Karokoram Range in Southern Asia--------------------------------------------------------- 294 Figure 2. Map showing glacier distribution of the Nepal Himalaya and its surrounding regions --------------------------------------------------------- 295 Figure 3. Map showing glacier distribution of the Karakoram Range ------------- 296 A Brief History of Glacier Investigations -----------------------------------297 Procedures for Mapping Glacier Distribution from Landsat Images ---------298 Figure 4. Index map of the glaciers of Nepal showing coverage by Landsat 1, 2, and 3 MSS images ---------------------------------------------- 299 Figure 5. Index map of the glaciers of the Karakoram Range showing coverage -
A Statistical Analysis of Mountaineering in the Nepal Himalaya
The Himalaya by the Numbers A Statistical Analysis of Mountaineering in the Nepal Himalaya Richard Salisbury Elizabeth Hawley September 2007 Cover Photo: Annapurna South Face at sunrise (Richard Salisbury) © Copyright 2007 by Richard Salisbury and Elizabeth Hawley No portion of this book may be reproduced and/or redistributed without the written permission of the authors. 2 Contents Introduction . .5 Analysis of Climbing Activity . 9 Yearly Activity . 9 Regional Activity . .18 Seasonal Activity . .25 Activity by Age and Gender . 33 Activity by Citizenship . 33 Team Composition . 34 Expedition Results . 36 Ascent Analysis . 41 Ascents by Altitude Range . .41 Popular Peaks by Altitude Range . .43 Ascents by Climbing Season . .46 Ascents by Expedition Years . .50 Ascents by Age Groups . 55 Ascents by Citizenship . 60 Ascents by Gender . 62 Ascents by Team Composition . 66 Average Expedition Duration and Days to Summit . .70 Oxygen and the 8000ers . .76 Death Analysis . 81 Deaths by Peak Altitude Ranges . 81 Deaths on Popular Peaks . 84 Deadliest Peaks for Members . 86 Deadliest Peaks for Hired Personnel . 89 Deaths by Geographical Regions . .92 Deaths by Climbing Season . 93 Altitudes of Death . 96 Causes of Death . 97 Avalanche Deaths . 102 Deaths by Falling . 110 Deaths by Physiological Causes . .116 Deaths by Age Groups . 118 Deaths by Expedition Years . .120 Deaths by Citizenship . 121 Deaths by Gender . 123 Deaths by Team Composition . .125 Major Accidents . .129 Appendix A: Peak Summary . .135 Appendix B: Supplemental Charts and Tables . .147 3 4 Introduction The Himalayan Database, published by the American Alpine Club in 2004, is a compilation of records for all expeditions that have climbed in the Nepal Himalaya. -
Everest Book Three the Summit
364910_FM_v1_. 10/13/11 10:44 PM Page iii GORDON KORMAN EVEREST BOOK THREE THE SUMMIT SCHOLASTIC INC. New York Toronto London Auckland Sydney Mexico City New Delhi Hong Kong 364910_FM_v2_. 11/2/11 11:25 PM Page iv For Daisy Samantha Korman My Summit If you purchased this book without a cover, you should be aware that this book is stolen property. It was reported as “unsold and destroyed” to the publisher, and neither the author nor the publisher has received any pay- ment for this “stripped book.” No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission of the publisher. For information regarding permission, write to Scholastic Inc., Attention: Permissions Department, 557 Broadway, New York, NY 10012. ISBN 978-0-545-39234-1 Copyright © 2002 by Gordon Korman. All rights reserved. Published by Scholastic Inc. SCHOLASTIC and associated logos are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of Scholastic Inc. 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 12 13 14 15 16 17/0 Printed in the U.S.A. 40 This edition first printing, March 2012 364910_Text_v1.qxd_. 10/13/11 10:41 PM Page 1 PROLOGUE The wind pounced on them above twenty-five thousand feet. As the youngest expedition in Everest history scrambled up the Geneva Spur, the onslaught be- gan — overpowering, unpredictable gusts that threatened to pluck the climbers off the mountain and hurl them into space. Amazingly, this was nothing new to them. -
Landscape Change in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Khumbu, Nepal
HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies Volume 17 Number 2 Himalayan Research Bulletin: Article 16 Solukhumbu and the Sherpa 1997 Landscape Change in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Khumbu, Nepal Alton C. Byers Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya Recommended Citation Byers, Alton C.. 1997. Landscape Change in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Khumbu, Nepal. HIMALAYA 17(2). Available at: https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol17/iss2/16 This Research Article is brought to you for free and open access by the DigitalCommons@Macalester College at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Landscape Change in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Khumbu, Nepal Alton C. Byers The Mountain Institute This study uses repeat photography as the primary Introduction research tool to analyze processes of physical and Repeat photography, or precise replication and cultural landscape change in the Khumbu (M!. Everest) interpretation of historic landscape scenes, is an region over a 40-year period (1955-1995). The study is analytical tool capable of broadly clarifying the patterns a continuation of an on-going project begun by Byers in and possible causes of contemporary landscapellanduse 1984 that involves replication of photographs originally changes within a given region (see: Byers 1987a1996; taken between 1955-62 from the same five photo 1997). As a research tool, it has enjoyed some utility points. The 1995 investigation reported here provided in the United States during the past thirty years (see: the opportunity to expand the photographic data base Byers 1987b; Walker 1968; Heady and Zinke 1978; from five to 26 photo points between Lukla (2,743 m) Gruell 1980; Vale, 1982; Rogers et al. -
Thirteen Nations on Mount Everest John Cleare 9
Thirteen nations on Mount Everest John Cleare In Nepal the 1971 pre-monsoon season was notable perhaps for two things, first for the worst weather for some seventy years, and second for the failure of an attempt to realise a long-cherished dream-a Cordee internationale on the top of the world. But was it a complete failure? That the much publicised International Himalayan Expedition failed in its climbing objectives is fact, but despite the ill-informed pronouncements of the headline devouring sceptics, safe in their arm-chairs, those of us who were actually members of the expedition have no doubt that internationally we did not fail. The project has a long history, and my first knowledge of it was on a wet winter's night in 1967 at Rusty Baillie's tiny cottage in the Highlands when John Amatt explained to me the preliminary plans for an international expedi tion. This was initially an Anglo-American-Norwegian effort, but as time went by other climbers came and went and various objectives were considered and rejected. Things started to crystallise when Jimmy Roberts was invited to lead the still-embryo expedition, and it was finally decided that the target should be the great South-west face of Mount Everest. However, unaware of this scheme, Norman Dyhrenfurth, leader of the successful American Everest expedition of 1963-film-maker and veteran Himalayan climber-was also planning an international expedition, and he had actually applied for per mission to attempt the South-west face in November 1967, some time before the final target of the other party had even been decided. -
Everest Base Camp with Island Peak Climbing
Everest Base Camp with Island Peak Climbing Trip Facts Destination Nepal Duration 16 Days Group Size 2-12 Trip Code DWTIS1 Grade Very Strenuous Activity Everest Treks Region Everest Region Max. Altitude Island Peak (6,183m) Nature of Trek Lodge to Lodge /Camping Trekking Activity per Day Approximately 4-6 hrs walking Accomodation Lodge/Tea house/Camping during the trek/climb Start / End Point Kathmandu / Kathmandu Meals Included All Meals (Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner) during the trek Best Season Feb, Mar, Apri, May, June, Sep, Oct, Nov & Dec Transportation Domestic flight (KTM-Lukla-KTM) and private vehicle (Transportation) A Leading Himalayan Trekking & Adventure Specialists TRULY YOUR TRUSTED NEPAL’S TRIP OPERATOR. Ever dreamt of summiting a Himalayan peak like Island Peak (6,189m/20,305ft) via Everest Base Camp (5,364m/17,598ft)? The alluring Himalayas in Nepal is a sight to behold. Trekking to the renowned... Discovery World Trekking would like to recommend all our valuable clients that they should arrive in Kathmandu a day earlier in the afternoon before the day we departed and start our Island Peak Climbing via Everest Base Camp the next day, To make sure that you’ll attend our Official Briefing as an important Pre-meeting. The reason we do so is we want to make sure that you get proper mental guidance and necessary information just to have a recheck of equipment and goods for the journey to make sure you haven't forgotten anything and if forgotten, then make sure that you are provided with those things ASAP on that very day. -
Everest – South Col Route – 8848M the Highest Mountain in the World South Col Route from Nepal
Everest – South Col Route – 8848m The highest mountain in the world South Col Route from Nepal EXPEDITION OVERVIEW Join Adventure Peaks on their twelfth Mt Everest Expedition to the world’s highest mountain at 8848m (29,035ft). Our experience is amongst the best in the world, combined with a very high success rate. An ultimate objective in many climbers’ minds, the allure of the world’s highest summit provides a most compelling and challenging adventure. Where there is a will, we aim to provide a way. Director of Adventure Peaks Dave Pritt, an Everest summiteer, has a decade of experience on Everest and he is supported by Stu Peacock, a regular and very talented high altitude mountaineer who has led successful expeditions to both sides of Everest as well as becoming the first Britt to summit Everest three times on the North Side. The expedition is a professionally-led, non-guided expedition. We say non-guided because our leader and Sherpa team working with you will not be able to protect your every move and you must therefore be prepared to move between camps unsupervised. You will have an experienced leader who has previous experience of climbing at extreme high altitude together with the support of our very experienced Sherpa team, thus increasing your chance of success. Participation Statement Adventure Peaks recognises that climbing, hill walking and mountaineering are activities with a danger of personal injury or death. Participants in these activities should be aware of and accept these risks and be responsible for their own actions and involvement. Adventure Travel – Accuracy of Itinerary Although it is our intention to operate this itinerary as printed, it may be necessary to make some changes as a result of flight schedules, climatic conditions, limitations of infrastructure or other operational factors. -
NATURE January 7, 1933
10 NATURE jANUARY 7, 1933 Mount Everest By Col. H. L. CROSTHWAIT, c.I.E. OUNT EVEREST, everyone knows, is the would be through Nepal, but even if the Nepalese M highest mountain in the world. It was Government were willing to permit the passage discovered, and its height determined, during the of its country, the route would be through operations of the Great Trigonometrical Survey trackless leach- infested jungles impossible for of India in the course of carrying out the geodetic pack transport. Added to this, the snow line is triangulation of that country in the years 1849-50. about 2,000 ft. lower on the south side than on The figure adopted, namely, 29,002 ft. above the north, for it is subject to the full force of the mean sea level, was derived from the mean of a monsoon and is probably more deeply eroded and, large number of vertical angles observed to the in consequence, more inaccessible than from the peak from six different stations situated in the Tibet side. For these reasons successive expe plains of India south of Nepal. These stations ditions have taken the longer route, about 350 were at distances varying from 108 to liS miles. miles from Darjeeling via the Chumbi valley, It was not until some months afterwards, when Kampa Dzong and Sheka Dzong, made possible the necessary computations had been completed, since the Tibetan objection to traversing its that the great height of Everest was first realised. territory has been overcome. The actual discovery was made in the computing This route possessed the advantage of passing office at Dehra Dun. -
Nuptse 7,861M / 25,790Ft
NUPTSE 7,861M / 25,790FT 2022 EXPEDITION TRIP NOTES NUPTSE EXPEDITION TRIP NOTES 2022 EXPEDITION DETAILS Dates: April 9 to May 20, 2022 Duration: 42 days Departure: ex Kathmandu, Nepal Price: US$38,900 per person Crossing ladders in the Khumbu Glacier. Photo: Charley Mace. During the spring season of 2022, Adventure Consultants will operate an expedition to climb Nuptse, a peak just shy of 8,000m that sits adjacent to the world’s highest mountain, Mount Everest, and the world’s fourth highest mountain, Mount Lhotse. Sitting as it does, in the shadows of its more famous partners, Nuptse receives a relatively low number of EXPEDITION OUTLINE ascents. Nuptse’s climbing route follows the same We congregate in Nepal’s capital, Kathmandu, line of ascent as Everest as far as Camp 2, from where we meet for a team briefing, gear checks where we cross the Western Cwm to establish a and last-minute purchases before flying by fixed Camp 3 on Nuptse. From that position, we ascend wing into Lukla Airport in the Khumbu Valley. We directly up the steep North East Face and into trek the delightful approach through the Sherpa Nuptse’s summit. The terrain involves hard ice, homelands via the Khumbu Valley Along the way, sometimes weaving through rocky areas and later we enjoy Sherpa hospitality in modern lodges with lower angled snow slopes. good food, all the while being impressed by the spectacular scenery of the incredible peaks of the The Nuptse climb will be operated alongside the lower Khumbu. Adventure Consultants Everest Expedition and therefore will enjoy the associated infrastructure We trek over the Kongma La (5,535m/18,159ft), a and legendary Base Camp support. -
The Role of Sherpa Culture in Nature Conservation
The Role of SHERPA CULTURE in NATURE CONSERVATION Copyright © Khumbu Sherpa Culture Conservation Society www.khumbusherpaculture.org Book : The Role of Sherpa Culture in Nature Conservation Publisher : Khumbu Sherpa Culture Conservation Society (KSCCS) Published Year : 2073 B.S. Edition : First Writer & Photographer : Tenzing Tashi Sherpa Typing & Translation : Tsherin Ongmu Sherpa Editor : Professor Stan Stevens, Ph.D. Design, Layout & Print : Digiscan Pre-press Pvt. Ltd., Naxal, Kathmandu The Role of SHERPA CULTURE in NATURE CONSERVATION Table of Contents 1. The Role of Sherpa Culture in Nature Conservation 1 Khumbu is a Sherpa Community Conserved Area 2 Sacred Himalayas 3 Sacred Lakes - Gokyo Lake 5 Springs 9 Religious Conserved Forests 10 Community Conserved Forest 11 Bird Conservation Area 12 Grazing Management Areas for Livestock 12 Conservation Tradition 13 Nawa System for Conservation 14 The Rules of Singhki Nawa (Wood Custodian) 14 The Custom of the Lhothok Nawa (Crop and Pastures Custodian) 15 The Work and the Duty Term of the Nawa and Worshyo 17 Yulthim (Community Assembly) 18 The Rules and Laws of Community 19 Short Story by Reincarnated Lama Ngawang Tenzing Zangbu about Nawa 20 The Sacred Worship Areas of Sherpas 21 Nangajong 21 Worshyo 22 Pangboche 23 Places in Between Fungi Thyanga Bridge and Pangboche Bridge 25 Khumjung and Khunde 29 Khumbu’s Chortens 33 Agriculture of Khumbu 35 Mountains Around Khumbu 38 2. The Role of KSCCS in Nature Conservation 39 A. Cultural Interaction 39 B. Cultural and ICCA Educational Tour 40 1. Community Tour 40 2. Sherpa Culture and Conservation Tour for Students Organized by Khumjung by KSCCS 41 3. -
Everest Expedition Summit the World’S Highest Mountain
Everest Expedition Summit the world’s highest mountain HIGHLIGHTS: Summiting the highest mountain Stunning views from the roof top of the world Colourful Buddhist culture and the spirit of Sherpa people www.himalayanascent.com OVERVIEW • Employing an experienced, strong, caring In 2020 Himalayan Ascent will be and professionally trained team of Sherpa undertaking our 10th expedition to Mount guides on the mountain, all with previous Everest, following the successes of past Everest experience/summits expeditions since 2010. The ultimate • Creating a small, cohesive team of dream of most mountaineers is to one climbers and Sherpas day take on the biggest mountaineering • Strictly vetting the calibre of expedition challenge possible – climbing Mount members Everest – and Himalayan Ascent is here to • Providing a comfortable base camp help you make that dream a reality! • Staying healthy Of course, turning the dream into reality We will tackle Mount Everest via the requires a lot of hard work, and Himalayan South Col and South East ridge route. Ascent will only accept climbers who have You’ll feel like you’re climbing through the requisite skills and level of experience. history as you pass through and across such infamous features as the Khumbhu The aim of Himalayan Ascent’s Mount Icefall, the Western Cwm, the Yellow Band Everest Expedition is to provide the and the Geneva Spur. Once you’re on necessary framework for expedition the summit push, you’ll look back in awe members to have a safe, enjoyable towards Makalu, Lhotse, and when you’re trip, with the best possible chance of standing on the South Summit you’ll stare summiting. -
Himalayan Glacier Mass Changes Altherr, W
Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | The Cryosphere Discuss., 4, 2593–2613, 2010 The Cryosphere www.the-cryosphere-discuss.net/4/2593/2010/ Discussions TCD doi:10.5194/tcd-4-2593-2010 4, 2593–2613, 2010 © Author(s) 2010. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Himalayan glacier This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal The Cryosphere (TC). mass changes Please refer to the corresponding final paper in TC if available. T. Bolch et al. Longest time series of glacier mass Title Page changes in the Himalaya based on stereo Abstract Introduction imagery Conclusions References Tables Figures T. Bolch1,3, T. Pieczonka1, and D. I. Benn2,4 1Institut fur¨ Kartographie, Technische Universitat¨ Dresden, Germany J I 2 The University Centre in Svalbard, Norway J I 3Geographisches Institut, Universitat¨ Zurich,¨ Switzerland 4University of St Andrews, UK Back Close Received: 1 December 2010 – Accepted: 9 December 2010 – Published: 20 December 2010 Full Screen / Esc Correspondence to: T. Bolch ([email protected]) Printer-friendly Version Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. Interactive Discussion 2593 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Abstract TCD Mass loss of Himalayan glaciers has wide-ranging consequences such as declining water resources, sea level rise and an increasing risk of glacial lake outburst floods 4, 2593–2613, 2010 (GLOFs). The assessment of the regional and global impact of glacier changes in 5 the Himalaya is, however, hampered by a lack of mass balance data for most of the Himalayan glacier range. Multi-temporal digital terrain models (DTMs) allow glacier mass balance to be mass changes calculated since the availability of stereo imagery.