Comp 15 - Usability & Human Factors

Unit 12b - Information

This material was developed by Columbia University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number 1U24OC000003.

Hypervariate data sets

Common problem: many data sets are too large to visualize on one screen

Solution: overview of the whole set and details of the selected subset

Implementation: scaling (in space or time)

Scaling in space: use different portion of the Scaling in time: alternate between overview of screen to show overview of the whole data set the whole set and detail of the selected and detail of the selected subset subset sequentially in the same space

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Scaling

Variation in space

• Can overview and detail co-exist in the same space? • Distortion • Fish-eye view • Bifocal display • wall

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1 Scaling Fish-Eye

• George Furnas 1981 Fish- • Shneiderman: • Provide[s] detailed view (focus) and overview (context) without eye obscuring anything… The focus area (or areas) is magnified to show detail, while preserving the context, view all in the single display.

1D Fisheye

2D Fisheye

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Scaling Fish-Eye (cont.)

Fish-eye view

• Examples: Fish-eye views for long menus

Bederson UIST’00 http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/fisheyemenu/

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Scaling Fish-Eye (cont.)

Fish-eye views

• Examples:

Fish-eye views for graphs

http://www.aisee.com/manual/unix/29.htm

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2 Scaling Bifocal

Bifocal display

• First suggested by Spence and Apperley (1980)

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Scaling Bifocal (cont.)

Bifocal display

• Examples

Early implementation

Spence – 1980?

http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/ ~r.spence/videos.htm

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Scaling Perspective Wall

• Perspective Wall

Bifocal display Perspecve wall

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3 Scaling Perspective Wall (cont.) Examples: • work onto • x-axis is time, y-axis is project • (Mackinlay, Robertson, Card ’91) Perspective Wall PerspectiveWall

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Scaling Perspective Wall (cont.) Examples: • File navigation • http:// www.cs.ubc.ca/ ~tmm/courses/ cpsc533c-03-spr/ 0127.quanzhenge ng.ppt Perspectivewall

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Time Scaling

Variation in time Magic Lens

Panning and Zooming

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4 Magic Lens Scaling

Magic Lens

http:// www2.parc.com/ istl/projects/ MagicLenses/ SimpleDemo.html

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Panning & Zooming Scaling

Panning and Zooming

• Panning – smooth movement of camera across scene (or scene moves and camera stays still) • Zooming – increasing or decreasing the magnification of the objects in a scene • http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/jazz/play/ hinote-0.5/jazz-mid-talk.html

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Hierarchies and Trees

Hierarchies in Main Definition the world representation • Data • Family histories • Node-link repository in • File/directory • Space-filling which cases • Organizational are related to • Object-oriented subcases software classes

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5 Node-link Hierarchies

Root at top

Image source: “Data structures and file handling: Tree-: a space-filling approach to the visualization of hierarchical information structures”, Brian Johnson,

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Node-link Hierarchies

Examples

Problems • Quickly fills out screen real estate • Difficult to maintain overview of the structure

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Node-link Hierarchies

Potential • Cone Trees (PARC, Robertson, Mackinlay, Card) solutions

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6 Space-filling

Treemap examples

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Time Series Data

Definition Standard presentation

• Data sets with one variable being the time of the event • Could be uni- or hypervariable • Data mining – looking for patters • Visualization – looking for visual patterns

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Time Series Data (con’t)

Examples

• Predictive calendars • http://research.sun.com/research/netcomm/rhythmAwareness.html

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7 Time Series Data (con’t)

One issue – temporal data is often periodic (cycles – daily, weekly, yearly, etc.)

Linear display is problematic for periodic data

Potential answer – spiral display

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Time Series Data (con’t)

Additional benefit of spiral display – discovering periodicity in data

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Interaction and Dynamic Queries

Data transformation

• Details on demand • Dynamic query

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8 Interaction and Dynamic Queries (con’t)

Data transformation

• Details on demand • Details could be removed from the main view for different reasons (mainly due to scaling issues)

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Interaction and Dynamic Queries (con’t)

Data transformation

• Dynamic queries • Visual representation of all possible objects and actions • Rapid, incremental and reversible actions • Direct manipulation is favored (selection by pointing, not typing) • Specifying a query brings immediate display of results • Responsive interaction (< 0.1 sec) • Classic example: • HomeFinder – 1992, University of Maryland, Human Computer Interaction Lab (Ben Shneiderman)

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Information Visualization in Medicine

Purpose:

Prevent information overload and allow Visually magnify subtle members of clinical staff to Visually present medical aspects of the diagnostic, master large quantities of data in more intuitive, easy therapeutic, patient information to understand, learn, management and healing • Luca Chittaro, “Information recognize, navigate and process which otherwise Visualization and its Application to manage formats Medicine” could be difficult to notice • Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, vol.22(2), 2001, pp.81-88

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9 Information Visualization in Medicine (con’t)

Examples

• The Visible Human Explorer ( http://www.cs.umd.edu/ hcil/visible-human/ vhe.shtml)

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Information Visualization in Medicine (con’t) Examples

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Information Visualization in Medicine (con’t)

Examples

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10 Information Visualization in Medicine (con’t) Examples

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Conclusions

Assignments

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