Readings Covered Further Reading What Kind of Motion?

Speed-Dependent Automatic Zooming for Browsing Large Documents Takeo Igarashi and Ken Hinckley, Proc. UIST 00, pp. 139-148. Lecture 11: Navigation I rigid

Ware, Chap 10: Interacting With Visualizations (2nd half) Pad++: A Zooming Graphical Interface for Exploring Alternate I rotate/pan/zoom Information Interface Physics Ben Bederson, and James D Hollan, Proc UIST 94. I easy to understand CPSC 533C, Fall 2007 Tufte, Chap 2: Macro/Micro Rapid Controlled Movement Through a Virtual 3D Workspace Jock I object shape static, positions change Space-Scale : Understanding Multiscale Interfaces George Mackinlay, , and George Robertson. Proc SIGGRAPH morph/change/distort Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI 95. ’90, pp 171-176. I I object evolves Smooth and Efficient Zooming and Panning. Jack J. van Wijk and Effective View Navigation, George W. Furnas, Proc. SIGCHI 97, pp. I beating heart, thunderstorm, walking person Wim A.A. Nuij, Proc. InfoVis 2003, p. 15-22 367-374 I multiscale/ZUI UBC Computer Science OrthoZoom Scroller: 1D Multi-Scale Navigation. Catherine Appert Critical Zones in Desert Fog: Aids to Multiscale Navigation, Susanne I object appearance changes by viewpoint and Jean-Daniel Fekete. Proc. SIGCHI 06, pp 21-30. Jul and George W. Furnas, Proc. UIST 98 17 October 2007 I focus+context Design Guidelines for Landmarks to Support Navigation in Virtual I carefully chosen distortion Environments Norman G. Vinson, Proc. SIGCHI 99. Tuning and testing scrolling interfaces that automatically zoom Andy Cockburn, Joshua Savage, Andrew Wallace. Proc CHI 05. Ware Chapter 10 - Spatial Navigation Rapid Controlled Movement Spatial Navigation Design Guidelines for VE Landmarks

I Ware’s derived guidelines

I world in hand I move to selected point of interest I real navigation only partially understood I enough so always can see some I visually distinguishable from others I good: spinning discrete objects I normal to surface, logarithmic speed I compared to low-level perception, JNDs I I bad: large-scale terrain visible and recognizeable at all scales I trajectories as first-class objects I spatial memory / environmental cognition I placed at major paths/junctions I eye in hand I city: landmark/path/whole I others, only some of of these crossover for I explicitly move camera I implicit logic infovis! I walking I evolved to deal with reality I need all 5 types of landmarks I real-world walking I so we’ll learn from synthetic worlds I path,edge,district,node,landmark I terrain following I but we can’t fly in 3D... I concrete not abstract I flying I asymmetry: different sides looks different I how much applies to synthetic I unconstrained 6DOF navigation environments? I clumps I different from ”data objects” I other: constrained navigation! [Rapid Controlled Movement Through a Virtual 3D Workspace. Mackinlay, Card, and I even perception not always the same! Robertson. Proc SIGGRAPH ’90, pp 171-176.] I need grid structure, alignment [Design Guidelines for Landmarks to Support Navigation in Virtual Environments. Vinson, Proc. SIGCHI 99.] Macro/Micro Pad++ Space-Scale Diagrams Viewing Window ”infinitely” zoomable user interface (ZUI) I reasoning about navigation and trajectories [video] I

I classic example:

I arms-length vs. up-close

I paper vs. computer screen

I 300-600 dpi vs. 72 dpi (legally blind)

I finally changing

I possibly available for projects

I 22” 200dpi IBM T221 display

I 9 Mpixels (4000x2000)

Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces George Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. George Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. [Pad++: A Zooming Graphical Interface for Exploring Alternate www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf Interface Physics Bederson and Hollan, Proc UIST 94] www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf 1D Version Pan-Zoom Trajectories Joint Pan-Zoom Problem Shortest Path?

Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces George Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. George Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. George Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. George Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf Shortest Path Shortest Path, Details Semantic Zooming Smooth and Efficient Zooming

I uw space: u = pan, w = zoom

I horiz axis: cross-section through objects

I point = camera at height w above object

I path = camera path

Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces George Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. George Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. George Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf Smooth and Efficient Zooming and Panning. Jack J. van Wijk and Wim A.A. Nuij, Proc. InfoVis 2003, p. 15-22 Optimal Paths Through Space Multiscale Display Multiscale Desert Fog View-Navigation Theory

I Critical Zones in Desert Fog: Aids to

Multiscale Navigation I Effective View Navigation, CHI 97 I Susanne Jul, George W. Furnas UIST 98 at each step, cross same I George Furnas number of ellipses cross I environment devoid of navigational cues I characterizing navigability: viewing graph

I not just Pad: 6DOF navigation where object I nodes: views minimal number of ellipses fills view I links: traversible connections total Smooth and Efficient I designer strategies I 1. short paths between all nodes Zooming and Panning. Jack J. van I explicit world creation - fog not made on I true in ZUIs (e.g. speed-dependent zooming) Wijk and Wim A.A. Nuij, Proc. purpose I 2. all views have small number outlinks InfoVis 2003, p. 15-22 I games - partial counter example I not overwhelmed by choices I island of information surrounded by desert fog

Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces I Pad: min/max visibility distances George Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf

Critical Zones What’s This? Fisheye Focus+Context View! OrthoZoom

I scale/zoom ratio target: 32 bits, 1:3B I region where zoom-in brings interesting I index of difficulty: ID = log(1 + D/W ) views I D = target distance, W = target size

I show with navigation ”residue” I control area larger than graphical representation I unambiguous action choice I zoom factor is orthogonal cursor-slider distance I visible critical zone ”residue” of stuff beneath

I zoom out if see nothing

I extension to VN theory

I 3. all views contain good residue of all nodes

I 4. all links must have small outlink-info

I must build support for these into ZUIs

I do not have ”minsize”, always use a few pixels Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces I they don’t address clutter/scalability George Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. George Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf [ OrthoZoom Scroller: 1D Multi-Scale Navigation. Catherine Appert and Jean-Daniel Fekete. Proc. SIGCHI 06, pp 21-30.] OrthoZoom

I multi-scale of contents

[ OrthoZoom Scroller: 1D Multi-Scale Navigation. Catherine Appert and Jean-Daniel Fekete. Proc. SIGCHI 06, pp 21-30.]