Translating-Dialect-Workshop-Texts

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Translating-Dialect-Workshop-Texts “A Body” by Thomas Bernhard A lonely country road in Upper Bavaria. Two women are walking home after rosary prayers at church. It is kind of sinister. First woman Stops short. Look Look come and look something’s lying there a body Pulls her companion towards her. look. a person look it’s a person look there there. between those two trees. look. look there. Both of them stare ahead of them. That must have just happened and there’s no traffic looks behind her and then back at the spot between the two trees Imagine that when we past here earlier nothing was lying there absolutely nothing absolutely no traffic Second woman But he’s covered up First woman with packing paper someone covered him up. She wants to take a step closer, but her prayer book makes it difficult. Here take my prayer book can’t you take it take it The second woman takes the first woman’s prayer book. First Woman When we past here nothing was lying there nothing Or did you see something when we past here Second Woman Na First Woman Absolutely nothing I swear to that that must have just happened or did you see something maybe you saw something Second Woman Na First Woman I didn’t see anything at all Second Woman And no traffic First Woman That must have just happened when we were sitting at church Say he’s covered up someone covered him up Second Woman With packing paper First Woman They’re always covered up the dead with packing paper Second Woman With packing paper First Woman He’s covered up with packing paper imagine that come come She pulls her companion to her No need to be scared The dead can’t do anything Second woman hesitates at first, then gets closer to the crime scene, albeit reluctantly First Woman I’ve already seen so many dead in my life I’m not afraid Look he’s covered with packing paper But why did they just leave him lying there if they bothered to cover him Someone covered him up look Second Woman Yes First Woman With packing paper Second Woman Yes First Woman Someone must have seen him otherwise he wouldn’t be covered someone ran him over and then covered him up Second Woman With packing paper Look First Woman Ah such a big piece of packing paper Second Woman Yes First Woman Someone came by with packing paper Second Woman They ran him over and then someone came by with packing paper a big piece of packing paper First Woman Look Look at the feet there the feet look there look down there at the feet Second Woman Yes First It’s a man It’s a man It’s a man Second Woman Yes a man First Woman It’s a man come come don’t be afraid of the man Second Woman A man First Woman Indeed Second Woman Maybe we know him First Woman Come come on Second Woman Maybe we know him the man But a body is something eerie First Woman Yeah but I have already seen so many dead come No need to be afraid come on She pulls the second woman towards her You have to look death in the face That’s what my father always said come on No need to be afraid just come with me Second Woman And absolutely no traffic First Woman […?] well then she looks around her to make sure that no car is coming that could run the two of them over. Nothing nothing is coming absolutely no traffic sie graps her companion and rushes with her courageously towards the body, disappointed That’s not a body she lets go of her companion Well I’ll be look it’s a roll of paper someone lost it from a truck look a roll of paper she touches the roll of paper with her black shoe a roll of paper a roll of paper and nothing more look look look a roll of paper and I thought it was a body and it’s just a roll of paper indeed she bends down and looks at the large roll of paper more carefully It’s a roll of paper she wants to unroll the roll of paper, but the roll of paper suddeny unrolls by itself Second Woman screaming Indeed nothing but swastikas First Woman Indeed Those are posters that’s what my husband wanted to hang up in the night the swastika posters, understand Second Woman Nothing but swas Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma Translating Dialect Literature Author(s): Luigi Bonaffini Source: World Literature Today, Vol. 71, No. 2, Italian Literature Today (Spring, 1997), pp. 279-288 Published by: Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/40153045 Accessed: 15-01-2019 16:45 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: https://www.jstor.org/stable/40153045?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to World Literature Today This content downloaded from 152.23.251.224 on Tue, 15 Jan 2019 16:45:09 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Translating Dialect Literature By LUIGI BONAFFINI Any critical discussion hence the recovery of personal history, of personal of works written in di- roots, which the impersonal language of the mass alect is destined to run media cannot recognize or transcribe. This also up against the heavy legacy of prejudices and means mis- the recovery of one's native place, the place understandings that has historically weighed of upon origin, as an alternative to a monotonous and literature in dialect, often considered a "minor," meaningless reality. subaltern, marginal language, even coarse and ple-Perhaps the role of the dialect poet, as Franco beian. These are misconceptions that the recent Brevini and notes,1 reveals its deepest meaning in the in many respects exceptional flowering of dialect struggle (or against the imposition of a superlanguage, neodialect) poetry in Italy has put into a much English dif- (this is particularly relevant in the case of ferent perspective, so that the absolute parity of poets ver- who live in the United States and also write in nacular poetry with that in standard Italian, English,long such as Giose Rimanelli and Joseph Tu- maintained by several enlightened critics (Croce siani) is aand, at the national level, of a standard ema- case in point), has gradually gained universal accep-nating from the productive industrial centers of the tance, to the extent that it is now an established North.and Dialect is posited, then, as the language of irrefutable tenet of contemporary criticism. Dialectconcreteness and difference, in direct opposition to poetry has even been able to penetrate those presti- the flat homogeneity of the language of television gious editorial circuits from which it had always and advertising, and therefore offers a greater po- been excluded, bolstered by the recognition and tential en- for individual creativity. The strength of di- couragement of influential critics, even vying alect, with in fact, lies in its essential "otherness," in its Italian poetry for the attention of a readership that position is of eccentricity with respect to the national no longer local or regional but instead national language, and in its different history, predominantly international. Very significant, in this respect, oral, was which has saved it from the process of erosion the recent Nobel candidacy of two poets who and in usuraa which always attends literary languages. way embody this fundamental dichotomy of ItalianFor this reason, contemporary dialect poets have letters, Mario Luzi and Albino Pierro, a develop- tended to accentuate this difference in many ways, ment all the more remarkable considering that usually the opting for more archaic forms, farther re- latter wrote in one of the most archaic dialects in moved from standard Italian, even in spelling (Pier- Italy, that of his native Tursi (which Gianfranco ro, Bandini, Loi). Contini defined as "proto-romance"), one without Along with sociocultural factors, there are psy- any literary tradition and extremely limited in its chological motivations that account for the choice of diffusion. dialect - and not only dialect as a maternal tongue, There are many reasons why so many contempo- as in Pasolini and Zanzotto, but also as a forgotten rary Italian poets (the neodialect poets) are nowa- truth, a sacred, archaic language which is capable of days turning to dialect rather than to standard Ital- revealing one's hidden being. Through dialect the ian as their medium of expression, reasons which poet represents not only the places and events of his carry far-reaching and deeply rooted implications memory, but also a conception of the world closer (literary, psychological, political, existential, anthro- to his own personal experience. To contemporary pological): recent dialect poetry is part of a broader men and women in danger of being swallowed up reaction to the alienating effects of postwar industri- and obliterated by postindustrial society, dialect can al society, which especially in the seventies meant offer the support of a culture which, while threat- the rehabilitation of ethnic history and memory.
Recommended publications
  • December 2009
    Language | Technology | Business December 2009 RRegionegion FFocus:ocus: EEuropeurope IImplicationsmplications ooff iincreasingncreasing EEurope’surope’s ttraderade wwithith CChinahina DDevelopingeveloping aaudioudio ddescriptionescription iinn GGreecereece EEuropeanuropean onlineonline marketingmarketing CCleanlean ddataata iimprovesmproves SSMTMT eenginengine rresultsesults FFiveive hhundredundred oopinions:pinions: ttranslatingranslating eeditorialsditorials 0011 CCoverover ##108.indd108.indd 1 111/4/091/4/09 99:03:05:03:05 AAMM THANK YOU FOR 1010 OUTSTANDING YEARS The Language Technology Experts Governments | Enterprises | Language Service Providers www.multicorpora.com 002-032-03 AAdsds 1108.indd08.indd 2 111/4/091/4/09 99:07:20:07:20 AAMM assertio LANGUAGE LINK UK LTD BeatBabel The Art of Localization HLNA Technical Translations B.V The SDL LSP Partners All SDL Language Service Provider Partners demonstrate commitment to optimize the quality and value of the service they deliver through the skilled utilization of SDL Translation Technology, including the newly launched SDL Trados Studio 2009. To choose an SDL LSP Partner please visit: www.lspzone.com/partners 002-032-03 AAdsds 1108.indd08.indd 3 111/4/091/4/09 99:07:32:07:32 AAMM Could this be true? If you have ever thought that Across might be acquired by a language service provider – sorry, you are wrong! Independence is core to our shared business initiatives – and that’s not subject to negotiation. We’ll put our money where our mouth is! Across takes technology independence so seriously that we are offering a money-back guarantee for LSPs: If we merge with or are acquired by a language service provider within 5 years of your license order, we will pay back all license fees you, as an LSP, spend for Across technology through 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rhaeto-Romance Languages
    Romance Linguistics Editorial Statement Routledge publish the Romance Linguistics series under the editorship of MartinS Harris (University of Essex) and Nigel Vincent (University of Manchester). Romance Philogy and General Linguistics have followed sometimes converging sometimes diverging paths over the last century and a half. With the present series we wish to recognise and promote the mutual interaction of the two disciplines. The focus is deliberately wide, seeking to encompass not only work in the phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexis of the Romance languages, but also studies in the history of Romance linguistics and linguistic thought in the Romance cultural area. Some of the volumes will be devoted to particular aspects of individual languages, some will be comparative in nature; some will adopt a synchronic and some a diachronic slant; some will concentrate on linguistic structures, and some will investigate the sociocultural dimensions of language and language use in the Romance-speaking territories. Yet all will endorse the view that a General Linguistics that ignores the always rich and often unique data of Romance is as impoverished as a Romance Philogy that turns its back on the insights of linguistics theory. Other books in the Romance Linguistics series include: Structures and Transformations Christopher J.Pountain Studies in the Romance Verb eds Nigel Vincent and Martin Harris Weakening Processes in the History of Spanish Consonants Raymond Harris-Northall Spanish Word Formation M.F.Lang Tense and Text
    [Show full text]
  • Intonation of Sicilian Among Southern Italo-Romance Dialects Valentina De Iacovo, Antonio Romano
    Intonation of Sicilian among Southern Italo-romance dialects Valentina De Iacovo, Antonio Romano Laboratorio di Fonetica Sperimentale “A. Genre”, Univ. degli Studi di Torino, Italy [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRACT At a second stage, we select the most frequent pattern found in the data for each modality (also closest to the Dialects of Italy are a good reference to show how description provided by [10]) and compare it with prosody plays a specific role in terms of diatopic other Southern Italo-romance varieties with the aim variation. Although previous experimental studies of verifying a potential similarity with other Southern have contributed to classify a selection of some and Upper Southern varieties. profiles on the basis of some Italian samples from this region and a detailed description is available for some 2. METHODOLOGY dialects, a reference framework is still missing. In this paper a collection of Southern Italo-romance varieties 2.1. Materials and speakers is presented: based on a dialectometrical approach, For the first experiment, data was part of a more we attempt to illustrate a more detailed classification extensive corpus available online which considers the prosodic proximity between (http://www.lfsag.unito.it/ark/trm_index.html, see Sicilian samples and other dialects belonging to the also [4]). We select 31 out of 40 recordings Upper Southern and Southern dialectal areas. The representing 21 Sicilian dialects (9 of them were results, based on the analysis of various corpora, discarded because their intonation was considered show the presence of different prosodic profiles either too close to Standard Italian or underspecified regarding the Sicilian area and a distinction among in terms of prosodic strength).
    [Show full text]
  • 1954, Addio Trieste... the Triestine Community of Melbourne
    1954, Addio Trieste... The Triestine Community of Melbourne Adriana Nelli A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Victoria University November 2000 -^27 2->v<^, \U6IL THESIS 994.5100451 NEL 30001007178181 Ne 1 li, Adriana 1954, addio Trieste— the Triestine community of MeIbourne I DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis is the product of my original work, including all translations from Italian and Triestine. An earlier form of Chapter 5 appeared in Robert Pascoe and Jarlath Ronayne, eds, The passeggiata of Exile: The Italian Story in Australia (Victoria University, Melbourne, 1998). Parts of my argument also appeared in 'L'esperienza migratoria triestina: L'identita' culturale e i suoi cambiamenti' in Gianfranco Cresciani, ed., Giuliano-Dalmati in Australia: Contributi e testimonianze per una storia (Associazione Giuliani nel Mondo, Trieste, 1999). Adriana Nelli ABSTRACT Triestine migration to Australia is the direct consequence of numerous disputations over the city's political boundaries in the immediate post- World War II period. As such the triestini themselves are not simply part of an overall migratory movement of Italians who took advantage of Australia's post-war immigration program, but their migration is also the reflection of an important period in the history of what today is known as the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region.. 1954 marked the beginning of a brief but intense migratory flow from the city of Trieste towards Australia. Following a prolonged period of Anglo-American administration, the city had been returned to Italian jurisdiction once more; and with the dismantling of the Allied caretaker government and the subsequent economic integration of Trieste into the Italian State, a climate of uncertainty and precariousness had left the Triestines psychologically disenchanted and discouraged.
    [Show full text]
  • Molisans Between Transoceanic Vocations and the Lure of the Continent
    / 4 / 2011 / Migrations Molisans between transoceanic vocations and the lure of the Continent by Norberto Lombardi 1. The opening up of hyper-rural Molise After the armies had passed through Molise, on the morrow of the end of World War II, Molisans’ main preoccupation was not leaving their land and looking for better job and life prospects abroad. There were more immediate concerns, such as the return of prisoners, the high cost of living, rebuilding bombed towns, restoring roads and railways, restoring the water and electricity supply, and finding raw materials for artisanal activities. The recovery of the area was thus seen in a rather narrow perspective, as the healing of the wounds inflicted by the war to local society and the productive infrastructure, or, at most, as a reinforcement and development of traditional activities. The only sector where this perspective broadened was that of interregional transportation. The hope was to overcome the isolation of the region, although as a long-term project. When one peruses the local pages of the more or less politically engaged newspapers and journals that appeared with the return of democracy, and when one looks at institutional activities, especially those of the Consiglio provinciale di Campobasso, one is even surprised by the paucity and belatedness of references to the theme of emigration, deeply rooted as it is in the social conditions and culture of the Molisans.1 For example, one has to wait until 1949 for a report from Agnone, one of the historical epicenters of Molisan migration, to appear in the newspaper Il Messaggero.2 The report 1 For an overview of the phenomenon of migration in the history of the region, see Ricciarda Simoncelli, Il Molise.
    [Show full text]
  • Italian Bookshelf
    This page intentionally left blank x . ANNALI D’ITALIANISTICA 37 (2019) Italian Bookshelf www.ibiblio.org/annali Andrea Polegato (California State University, Fresno) Book Review Coordinator of Italian Bookshelf Anthony Nussmeier University of Dallas Editor of Reviews in English Responsible for the Middle Ages Andrea Polegato California State University, Fresno Editor of Reviews in Italian Responsible for the Renaissance Olimpia Pelosi SUNY, Albany Responsible for the 17th, 18th, and 19th Centuries Monica Jansen Utrecht University Responsible for 20th and 21st Centuries Enrico Minardi Arizona State University Responsible for 20th and 21st Centuries Alessandro Grazi Leibniz Institute of European History, Mainz Responsible for Jewish Studies REVIEW ARTICLES by Jo Ann Cavallo (Columbia University) 528 Flavio Giovanni Conti and Alan R. Perry. Italian Prisoners of War in Pennsylvania, Allies on the Home Front, 1944–1945. Lanham, MD: Fairleigh Dickinson Press, 2016. Pp. 312. 528 Flavio Giovanni Conti e Alan R. Perry. Prigionieri di guerra italiani in Pennsylvania 1944–1945. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2018. Pp. 372. 528 Flavio Giovanni Conti. World War II Italian Prisoners of War in Chambersburg. Charleston: Arcadia, 2017. Pp. 128. Contents . xi GENERAL & MISCELLANEOUS STUDIES 535 Lawrence Baldassaro. Baseball Italian Style: Great Stories Told by Italian American Major Leaguers from Crosetti to Piazza. New York: Sports Publishing, 2018. Pp. 275. (Alan Perry, Gettysburg College) 537 Mario Isnenghi, Thomas Stauder, Lisa Bregantin. Identitätskonflikte und Gedächtniskonstruktionen. Die „Märtyrer des Trentino“ vor, während und nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg. Cesare Battisti, Fabio Filzi und Damiano Chiesa. Berlin: LIT, 2018. Pp. 402. (Monica Biasiolo, Universität Augsburg) 542 Journal of Italian Translation. Ed. Luigi Bonaffini.
    [Show full text]
  • Attitudes Towards the Safeguarding of Minority Languages and Dialects in Modern Italy
    ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE SAFEGUARDING OF MINORITY LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS IN MODERN ITALY: The Cases of Sardinia and Sicily Maria Chiara La Sala Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds Department of Italian September 2004 This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. The candidate confirms that the work submitted is her own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. ABSTRACT The aim of this thesis is to assess attitudes of speakers towards their local or regional variety. Research in the field of sociolinguistics has shown that factors such as gender, age, place of residence, and social status affect linguistic behaviour and perception of local and regional varieties. This thesis consists of three main parts. In the first part the concept of language, minority language, and dialect is discussed; in the second part the official position towards local or regional varieties in Europe and in Italy is considered; in the third part attitudes of speakers towards actions aimed at safeguarding their local or regional varieties are analyzed. The conclusion offers a comparison of the results of the surveys and a discussion on how things may develop in the future. This thesis is carried out within the framework of the discipline of sociolinguistics. ii DEDICATION Ai miei figli Youcef e Amil che mi hanno distolto
    [Show full text]
  • The Bolognese Valleys of the Idice, Savena and Setta
    3_ eo_gb 0 008 3: 0 ag a The Bolognese Valleys of the Idice, Savena and Setta 114 _ dce_gb 0 008 3: 9 ag a 5 The Rivers the Futa state highway SS 65 and the road The valleys of the tributaries to the right of along the valley-bottom, which continues as the Reno punctuate the central area of the far as the Lake of Castel dell’Alpi, passing the Bolognese Apennines in a truly surprising majestic Gorges of Scascoli. Along the river, variety of colours and landscapes. They are there are numerous mills, some of which can the Idice, Savena and Setta Rivers, of which be visited, constructed over the centuries. only the Idice continues its course onto the Before entering the plains, the Savena cros- plains, as far as the Park of the Po Delta. ses the Regional Park of Bolognese Gypsums and Abbadessa Gullies, which is also crossed The Idice by the River Idice. The Idice starts on Monte Oggioli, near the Raticosa Pass, and is the largest of the rivers in these valleys. Interesting from a geologi- cal and naturalistic point of view, its valley offers many reasons for a visit. Particularly beautiful is the stretch of river where it joins the Zena Valley: this is where the Canale dei Mulini (mills) branches off, continuing alon- gside it until it reaches the plains, in the ter- ritory of San Lazzaro di Savena. Flowing through the Valleys of Campotto, the Idice finally joins the Reno. Here an interesting system of manmade basins stop the Reno’s water flowing into the Idice’s bed in dry periods.
    [Show full text]
  • Judeo-‐Spanish and the Sephardi
    The Last Generation of Native Ladino Speakers? Judeo-Spanish and the Sephardic Community in Seattle Mary K. FitzMorris A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts University of Washington 2014 Faculty advisor: Devin E. Naar Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Spanish & Portuguese Studies 2 © Copyright 2014 Mary K. FitzMorris 3 University of Washington Abstract The Last Generation of Native Ladino Speakers? Judeo-Spanish and the Sephardic Community in Seattle Mary K. FitzMorris Faculty advisor: Devin E. Naar, Marsha and Jay Glazer Chair in Jewish Studies, Assistant Professor of History, Chair of the Sephardic Studies Program La comunidad sefardí de Seattle, Washington es única no sólo por su tamaño en comparación con el tamaño de la ciudad, sino también por la cohesión que se percibe que existe aquí (Bejarano y Aizenberg, 2012, p. 40n2). Esta comunidad tiene dos sinagogas, varios organizaciones y grupos religiosos y culturales, y, más importantemente, un grupo de hablantes que se reúne cada semana para leer textos en judeo-español y “echar lashon” sobre sus experiencias con esta lengua. De hecho, Seattle es una de las pocas ciudades en el mundo que quedan con una población respetable de ladinohablantes. El judeo-español, o ladino, la lengua histórica de los judíos sefardíes, nació cuando los judíos hispanohablantes fueron expulsados de España en 1492 y se trasladaron a varias partes del mundo, particularmente al Imperio Otomano, integrando elementos de las lenguas que encontraron a su propia 4 lengua ibérica. Un gran porcentaje de la generación más vieja de los sefardíes de Seattle creció, si no hablando, por lo menos escuchando el ladino en casa; eran hijos de inmigrantes recientes, pero no hablaban la lengua con sus propios hijos.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Occitan and Francoprovençal in Rhône-Alpes, France Michel Bert, Costa James
    What counts as a linguistic border, for whom, and with what implications? Exploring Occitan and Francoprovençal in Rhône-Alpes, France Michel Bert, Costa James To cite this version: Michel Bert, Costa James. What counts as a linguistic border, for whom, and with what implications? Exploring Occitan and Francoprovençal in Rhône-Alpes, France. Dominic Watt; Carmen Llamas. Language, Borders and Identity, Edinburgh University Press, 2014, Language, Borders and Identity, 0748669779. halshs-01413325 HAL Id: halshs-01413325 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01413325 Submitted on 9 Dec 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. What counts as a linguistic border, for whom, and with what implications? Exploring Occitan and Francoprovençal in Rhône-Alpes, France Michel Bert (DDL, Université Lumière/Lyon2) [email protected] James Costa (ICAR, Institut français de l’éducation/ENS de Lyon) [email protected] 1. Introduction Debates on the limits of the numerous Romance varieties spoken in what was once the western part of the Roman Empire have been rife for over a century (e.g. Bergounioux, 1989), and generally arose in the context of heated discussions over the constitution and legitimation of Nation-states.
    [Show full text]
  • LITERARY DIALECT and SOCIAL CHANGE Literary Dialect Is The
    LITERARY DIALECT AND SOCIAL CHANGE JULES ZANGER Literary dialect is the attempt to indicate on the printed page, through spellings and mis-spellings, elisions, apostrophes, syntactical shifts, sig­ nals, etc., the speech of an ethnic, regional or racial group. The use of literary dialect has been a characteristic of American lit­ erature from its beginnings. While it is found in many national literatures,- literary dialect appears with particular frequency and variety in American literature, in part because of the great number of languages spoken by the successive waves of large immigrant groups settling here, in part perhaps because of the rapid rate of social and technological change, which tended to break up American communities once relatively isolated by geographical or social distance. This continual breakdown of the barriers separating such communities produced a constant stream of "vanishing" regional, national and racial types, and a succession of nostalgic attempts to pre­ serve them, complete with their regional speech variations. A major literary function of such dialect has been as a general char­ acterizing device. That is, a speech pattern identified by one or another spelling or syntactical pattern or by a signal like "Begorra!" or "Massa" or "Mon Dieu!" as belonging to a group for which there exists a popular stereotype can be substituted for detailed characterizing through narrative action. Thus, "Begorra!" is happy-go-lucky, given to whiskey, fighting and brag; "Massa" is cheerful, trivially dishonest, faithful and childlike; "Mon Dieu!" is meticulous about honor, partial to the ladies, vivacious and so on. Further, dialect is employed to indicate the relationship of a character to the fictional community in which the narrative places him.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rhaeto-Romance Languages
    Romance Linguistics Editorial Statement Routledge publish the Romance Linguistics series under the editorship of Martin Harris (University of Essex) and Nigel Vincent (University of Manchester). Romance Philogy and General Linguistics have followed sometimes converging sometimes diverging paths over the last century and a half. With the present series we wish to recognise and promote the mutual interaction of the two disciplines. The focus is deliberately wide, seeking to encompass not only work in the phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexis of the Romance languages, but also studies in the history of Romance linguistics and linguistic thought in the Romance cultural area. Some of the volumes will be devoted to particular aspects of individual languages, some will be comparative in nature; some will adopt a synchronic and some a diachronic slant; some will concentrate on linguistic structures, and some will investigate the sociocultural dimensions of language and language use in the Romance-speaking territories. Yet all will endorse the view that a General Linguistics that ignores the always rich and often unique data of Romance is as impoverished as a Romance Philogy that turns its back on the insights of linguistics theory. Other books in the Romance Linguistics series include: Structures and Transformations Christopher J. Pountain Studies in the Romance Verb eds Nigel Vincent and Martin Harris Weakening Processes in the History of Spanish Consonants Raymond Harris-N orthall Spanish Word Formation M.F. Lang Tense and Text
    [Show full text]