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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,709,761 B2 Howard Et Al USOO8709761 B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,709,761 B2 HOWard et al. (45) Date of Patent: Apr. 29, 2014 (54) METHODS OF SACCHARIFICATION OF Bioresource Technology 101:6111-61.17, available online Mar. 20. POLYSACCHARDES IN PLANTS 2010. Han et al. (2010) “Synergism between hydrophobic proteins of corn (75) Inventors: John Howard, Cayucos, CA (US); Gina Stover and cellulase in lignocellulose hydrolysis' Biochemical Engi neering Journal 48:218-224. Fake, Arryo Grande, CA (US) Ingle et al. (1965) “Changes in composition during development and maturation of maize seeds' Plant Physiology 40 (5), 835-839. (73) Assignee: Applied Biotechnology Institute, Inc., “Typical Composition of Yellow Dent Corn” by Bunge North San Luis Obispo, CA (US) America, of Bunge Limited at: www.bungenorthamerica.com/news/ pubs/03 Bunge Milling Process Diagram.pdf (2011). (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Kusnadi et al., 1997. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 56:473 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 484. U.S.C. 154(b) by 176 days. Sticklen, 2006 Curr Opin Biotechnol 17:315-9. Dai et al. (2000) Improved plant-based production of El (21) Appl. No.: 13/025,659 endoglucanase using potato: expression optimization and tissue tar geting. Molecular breeding 6:277-285. (22) Filed: Feb. 11, 2011 Dai et al. (1999) Expression of Trichoderma reesei Exo cel lobiohydrolast I in transgenic tobacco leaves and call. Applied Bio (65) Prior Publication Data chemistry and Biotechnology, vol. 77-79:689-699. Dai et al. (1998) Over-expression of cellulase in transgenic tobacco US 2011 FO143398 A1 Jun. 16, 2011 whole plants, Poster: ASPP Annual Meeting, vol. 1998, p. 85. Hood (2002) Industrial proteins produced from transgenic plants, in: E. Hood and J. Howard (Eds.), Plants as factories for protein produc Related U.S. Application Data tion, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands. pp. 119-135. Hood E(2003) Production and application of proteins from (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 12/901,507, transgenic plants, Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 377. filed on Oct. 9, 2010. Howard et al. (2011) Enzyme production systems for biomass con (60) Provisional application No. 61/254,040, filed on Oct. version. In E.E. Hood, P. Nelson, & R. Powell (Eds.), Plant biomass conversion (pp. 227-253). Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Inc. 22, 2009. Woodard et al. (2003) Maize (Zea mays)-derived bovine trypsin: characterization of the first large-scale, commercial protein product (51) Int. Cl. from transgenic plants. Biotechnology and applied biochemistry CI2P 19/00 (2006.01) 38:123-130. (52) U.S. Cl. Zeigelhoffer et al (1999) Expression of bacterial cellulase genes in USPC ............................................. 435/72; 435/277 transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Molecular breeding : new (58) Field of Classification Search strategies in plant improvement 5:309-318. None Ziegler et al. (2000) Accumulation of a thermostable endo-1, See application file for complete search history. 4- -D-glucanase in the apoplast of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Molecular Breeding 6:37-46. (56) References Cited Horvath et al. (2000) “The production of recombinant proteins in transgenic barley grains' PNAS vol. 97, pp. 1914-1919. U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Gusakovetal. (2007) Design of highly efficient cellulase mixtures for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Biotechnology and bioengineer 5,981,835 A 1 1/1999 Austin-Phillips ing 97: 1028-1038. 6,013,860 A 1/2000 Himmel Sticklen. (2008) Plant genetic engineering for biofuel production: 6,504,085 B1 1/2003 Howard towards affordable cellulosic ethanol. Nat Rev Genet 9:433-43. 6,818,803 B1 1 1/2004 Austin-Philis 7,361,806 B2 4/2008 Lebel (Continued) 2003.0109011 A1 6, 2003 Hood 2006, OO26715 A1 2/2006 Howard Primary Examiner — Lisa J Hobbs 2008/0022425 A1 1/2008 Lebel et al. 2008.OO78005 A1 3/2008 Lebel (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Patricia A. Sweeney 2009/0205086 A1 8, 2009 Howard 2011/OO97786 A1 4/2011 Howard (57) ABSTRACT Saccharification of polysaccharides of plants is provided, FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS where release of fermentable sugars from cellulose is WO WO9839461 A1 9, 1998 obtained by adding plant tissue composition. Production of WO WO9916890 A2 4f1999 glucose is obtained without the need to add additional B-glu WO WOOOO414.6 A1 1, 2000 cosidase. Adding plant tissue composition to a process using a cellulose degrading composition to degrade cellulose OTHER PUBLICATIONS results in an increase in the production of fermentable Sugars Han et al. (2008) "Characteriziation of beta-glucosidase from corn compared to a process in which plant tissue composition is Stover and its application in simultaneous saccharification and fer not added. Using plant tissue composition in a process using mentation” Bioresource Technology 99:6081-6087, available online a cellulose degrading enzyme composition to degrade cellu Feb. 20, 2008. lose results in decrease in the amount of cellulose degrading Han et al. (2007)"Synergism between corn stover protein and cel enzyme composition or exogenously applied cellulase lulase” Enzyme and Microbrial Technology 41:638-645. required to produce fermentable Sugars. Han et al. (2010) “Biochemical characterization of a maize stover beta-exoglucanase and its use in lignocellulose conversion' 22 Claims, 24 Drawing Sheets US 8,709,761 B2 Page 2 (56) References Cited Oraby et al. (2007) Enhanced conversion of plant biomass into glu cose using transgenic rice-produced endoglucanase for cellulosic OTHER PUBLICATIONS ethanol. Transgenic Research 16:739-749. Jimenez-Flores et al. (2010) “A novel method for evaluating the Cho et al. (2010) Expansins as agents in hormone action. In: Plant release of fermentable Sugars from cellulosic biomass' Enzyme and Hormones: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Action (ed. by Peter Microbial Technology 47: 206-211. J Davies), Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 262-281. Kawazu et al. (1996) “Expression of a Ruminococcus albus cellulase Hayden et al. (2011) “Synergistic activity of plant extracts with gene in tobacco Suspension cells' Journal of Fermentation and microbial cellulases for the release of free sugars' BioEnergy Bioengineering vol. 82, No. 3, 205-209. Research 5.2: 398-406. Kawazu et al. (1999) “Expression of a bacterial endoglucanase gene Sun et al. (2007) “Expression and characterization of Acidothermus in tobacco increases digestibility of its cell wall fibers' Journal of cellulolyticus El endoglucanase in transgenic duckweed Lemna Bioscience and Bioengineering vol. 88 No. 4, 421-425. minor 8627 Bioresource Technology 98.15: 2866-2872. Jensen et al. (1998) “Inheritance of a codon-optimized transgene Yu et al. (2007) “Expression of thermostable microbial cellulases in expressing heat stable (1,3-1,4)-beta-glucanase in Scutellum and the chloroplasts of nicotine-free tobacco” Journal of Biotechnology aleurone of germinating barely” Hereditas 129:215-225. 1313: 362-369. U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 2014 Sheet 1 of 24 US 8,709,761 B2 Figure 1 16OO 12O) g 8OO O) O SO) 12O) 18O 24OO Time minutes U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 2014 Sheet 2 of 24 US 8,709,761 B2 Figure 2 O.25 Cellobiose O.20 0.15 O. 10 O.05 O.OO O.25 O.20 0.15 O. 10 O.05 O.OO O 24 48 72 Time hours) U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 2014 Sheet 3 of 24 US 8,709,761 B2 Figure 3A OO . 9 OO o soo SOO O O SOO 12O) 18O O) Time (minutes) Figure 3B OO O c 3) O 8OO O) Time (inutes U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 2014 Sheet 4 of 24 US 8,709,761 B2 Figure 3C 2.0 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.0 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 O 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Spezyme (ul) U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 2014 Sheet 5 of 24 US 8,709,761 B2 Figure 4 1200 1 OOO 800 S 600 400 200 1 OOO 800 600 S 400 Oul 200 1 OOO 800 600 S 400 200 O 1 OOO 2000 3000 Time (minutes) U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 2014 Sheet 6 of 24 US 8,709,761 B2 §§ssss( §§ do!)|-(ouII U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 2014 Sheet 7 of 24 US 8,709,761 B2 i i : U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 2014 Sheet 8 of 24 US 8,709,761 B2 Glucose Release from Hardwood O.5- 0.4 – O3– Glucose (mg/ml O.2 O.1 - O.O- Treatment Figure 7 U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 2014 Sheet 10 of 24 US 8,709,761 B2 & No Egynes mut CC ... 2: C a SE & CSS E. C. SO saxnan N s XX s SS &SS. A. s&as XXXXX SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS s () -------------&ssy s s s aS f Time (in hours) U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 2014 Sheet 11 of 24 US 8,709,761 B2 Figure 10 A and 10B Glucose Concentration 3. 0.25 s EO.20 --No enzyme g0.1 5 tra-Svra 1LCC 9 50.10 2LLCC go.05 rear OFLCL CSE EO.OO 1LL CC+33L Crijde CSF Time hours) Cellobiose Concentration O.6 ().50 E 2 0.40 E. --No enzyme 0.30 aSa 1LCC S. O. 3. 2LLCC g 0.10 -------- OS3L Crude CSE s O. Saara 1L. CC+33L -C.1) Crude CSE Time (hours) U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 2014 Sheet 12 of 24 US 8,709,761 B2 Figure 11 Enhancement of Microbial Growth 2OOO With Seed Extracts 1 5OO esc No enzyme-2 sOOO -8-4Lul C-3 500 - 8 C-3 O 2. Cure is: CSE-3 -500 is 4LC 2. Time (min) CSE-2 U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 2014 Sheet 13 of 24 US 8,709,761 B2 Figure 12 Enhancement of Sugar Release With Seed Extracts 150 s S 100 g S P 50 U.S.
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