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Archaeologist Volume 26 Winter 1976 No OHIO ARCHAEOLOGIST VOLUME 26 WINTER 1976 NO. 1 Published by THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF OHIO The Archaeological Society of Ohio Officers Claude Britt, Jr., Many Farms, Arizona Ray Tanner, Behringer Crawford Museum, DeVou Park, President—Dana L. Baker, 1976 Covington, Kentucky West Taylor St., Mt. Victory, Ohio Vice President—Jan Sorgenfrei, 1976 William L.Jenkins, 3812 Laurel Lane, Anderson, Indiana 7625 Maxtown Rd , Westerville, Ohio Mark W. Long, Box 467, Wellston, Ohio Executive Secretary—Frank W. Otto, 1976 Steven Kelley, Seaman, Ohio 1503 Hempwood Dr., Cols., Ohio James Murphy, Dept. of Geology, Case Western Re­ Treasurer—Don Bapst, 1976 serve Univ. Cleveland, Ohio 2446 Chambers Ave., Columbus, Ohio Recording Secretary—Dave Mielke, 1976 Box 389, Botkins, Ohio Editorial Office and Business Office Editor—Robert N. Converse, 1978 199 Converse Drive, Plain City, Ohio 43064 199 Converse Drive, Plain City, Ohio Membership and Dues Trustees Annual dues to the Archaeological Society of Ohio are Ensil Chadwick, 119 Rose Avenue, payable on the first of January as follows: Regular mem­ Mt. Vernon, Ohio 43050 1978 bership $7.50; Husband and wife (one copy of publica­ Wayne A. Mortine, Scott Drive, Oxford Hgts., tion) $8.50; Contributing $25.00 Funds are used for Newcomerstown, Ohio 1978 publishing the Ohio Archaeologist. The Archaeological Charles H. Stout, 91 Redbank Drive, Society of Ohio is an incorporated non-profit organiza­ Fairborn, Ohio 1978 tion and has no paid officers or employees. Alva McGraw, Route #11, Chillicothe, Ohio 1976 The Ohio Archaeologist is published quarterly and William C. Haney, 706 Buckhorn St., subscription is included in the membership dues. Ironton, Ohio 1976 Ernest G. Good, 16 Civic Drive, Grove City, Ohio 1976 Back Issues Back issues of the Ohio Archaeologist may be pur­ Editorial Staff and Publishing Committee chased at the following prices: Ohio Flint Types—$4.00 per copy Editor—Robert N. Converse, 199 Converse Drive, Plain City, Ohio 43064 Ohio Stone Tools—$3.00 per copy Ohio Slate Types—$5.00 per copy Associate Editor-Martha P. Otto, The Ohio Historical Back issues 1964 to 1974—$2.00 per copy Society, Columbus, Ohio 43211 Regional Collaborators- Back issues prior to 1964 if still in print—$5.00 per David W. Kuhns, 2642 Shawnee Road, Portsmouth, copy Ohio Write for prices on out of print issues Charles H. Stout, Sr, 91 Redbank Drive, Fairborn, Ohio Make all checks or money orders payable to the Ar­ Jeff Carskadden, 2686 Carol Drive, Zanesville, Ohio chaeological Society of Ohio and send to 199 Converse Drive, Plain City, Ohio 43064. STANDING COMMITTEES PROGRAM COMMITTEE FRAUDULENT ARTIFACTS COMMITTEE NOMINATING COMMITTEE Martha P. Otto, Chairman Robert Converse, Chairman Jan Sorgenfrei, Chairman Ed. R. Hughes Ernest Good Robert Converse Richard Stambaugh Jack Hooks Jack Hooks Frank Otto Steve Fuller Ensil Chadwick John Winsch Philip Foley Robert Converse Don Bapst AUDITING COMMITTEE Jan Sorgenfrei Donn Buck, Chairman MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE David Scott Mike Kish Richard Stanbaugh, Chairman Ensil Chadwick Ed. Gall LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE Summers Redick Alva McGraw, Chairman EXHIBITS COMMITTEE Don Casto Dwight Shipley Carroll Welling Gilbert Dilley Frank Otto, Chairman Steve Parker Norman Wright John Winsch Robert Harter David Kuhns Myers Campbell Tom Stropki Robert Converse Steve Fuller John Vargo Kenneth Black Jim Ritchie David Scott EDUCATION AND PUBLICITY David Kuhns Dave Mielke, Chairman Douglas Hooks Charles Stout, Sr. Steve Kelley Marilyn Harness Wayne Mortine James Murphy Ed R. Hughes Editor's Page OHIO ARCHAEOLOGIST The recent legislative action in Ohio con­ cerning our prehistoric Indian remains brings into focus other problems in Ohio archae­ ology. I'm sure that all of our members are TABLE OF CONTENTS concerned with preserving and protecting important sites and earthworks and indeed that is one of the foundation stones of our Crofoot Shoveller Duck Pipe 4 Society. But preservation does not in itself Beads 6 bring about understanding and enlighten­ Test Excavations at the Seibert Site 7 ment, goals which should be the ultimate aim of archaeological efforts by both professional What Culture Ohio "Birdpoints"? 11 and non-professional archaeologists. The Tally Notched Birdstone 18 Ohio is fortunate in that it was the center of two large mound building groups in the The Kenneth Black Collection 21 eastern United States. Within the boundaries An Upper Ohio Valley Archaic Site 22 of our state are more Indian remains than in any comparable area in North America. But it A Late Prehistoric Hilltop Site 24 is unfortunate that our knowledge of these Mevser Slate in the Hart Collection 28 and other Ohio cultures has expanded very little in the last fifty years. There has not, for Archaeology of a Well 29 example, been a major Hopewell report in Ohio in half a century. Strangely enough, the large Hopewell geometric earthworks are almost all obliterated and no attempt has been made to preserve or restore even one example of these strange monuments pe­ FRONT COVER culiar to Ohio. Despite the plethora of Adena Chlorite is probably the rarest stone from which Ohio mounds in Ohio not a single excavation has Indian artifacts were fashioned. Its lustrous colors range from emerald green, through olive yellow, to almost black. revealed even a portion of what was found at In some of it there are red or rust colored inclusions or the Cresap mound in West Virginia by Dragoo. flashes of silver. Two tubular bannerstones are in the upper Recent literature on Adena is little more than part of the picture, one of which is engraved. The small a summary of what has been excavated over effigy- two cones, and the salvaged gorget are of a bright the last century and makes no serious effort green with red and silvery inclusions. The pipe is of olive green chlorite and the bar weight is nearly black with silver to define the cultural dynamics of one of our inclusions. The human effigy is unique and is from the most important prehistoric groups. Informa­ Hopewell farm, Ross County, Ohio. tion on Ohio Glacial Kame is nonexistent except for the work done by Wilbur Cunning­ too, a number of large sites are now com­ ham of Michigan nearly thirty years ago. We pletely gone. have birdstones, sandal sole gorgets, slate Almost without exception, any serious artifacts, and other Glacial Kame material and student trying to reconstruct the cultural se­ yet there has never been an excavation of a quences in Ohio must go back to literature Glacial Kame site under any sort of controlled written fifty or more years ago—literature circumstances. Even more mysterious and which was written with little or no reference unknown is the so-called Intrusive Mound background or scientific foundation. The Culture which has either descendants or ideas advanced by these early archaeologists antecedents in the northeastern United are still being clung to by many present day States. It has been fifty years since a tiny archaeologists despite the abundance of em­ smattering of material was written on this little pirical evidence to the contrary. known group which came into Ohio with their We now have a prehistoric site preservation strange burial customs and artifacts sometime bill—or soon will have—and it behooves the after the demise of Hopewell. Even Fort professional archaeologists in our state to Ancient has been ignored for the most part make use of this law. Old ideas must be dis­ and many important sites have been de­ carded and new interpretations must be made stroyed by the bulldozers, quarry operators, of what is under our feet. The preservation and highway builders. Some effort has been law should be used as a way to an end—not as made in northern Ohio in trying to unravel the an end in itself. late prehistoric and historic picture, but there Robert N. Converse Crofoot Shoveller Duck Pipe by Gordon Hart Bluffton, Indiana Fred H. Crofoot excavated this incised from a mound in western New York. sculptured work of art (Figs. 1-3) before the The material is Ohio pipestone, in the turn of the twentieth century, approximately brown color range. On the upper side 1885. For many years this artifact was listed of the platform or base on each side as coming from Chautauqua County, but of the bowl is a motif interpreted through research and the help of archaeolo­ as the body and bill of the shoveller gists in the state of New York, the location of duck. Mr. Crofoot's discovery was established as Of interest to Ohioans with their knowledge Mt. Morris, Livingston County, New York. Mr. of Hopewell culture, we find the following Crofoot was known to have opened several artifacts in the New York State Museum from mounds to add to his collection before the this mound and the Squawkie Hill site: more formal methods of today were involved. A. Two curved base pipes of mottled gray Approximately 15 years later in 1900, Mr. tan to red Ohio pipestone. John R. White opened, on his premises, the B. One copper earspool. Mt. Morris mound on Squawkie Hill. In the C. Two flake knives of pink Flint Ridge years 1930 to 1937, Dr. William A. Ritchie, chalcedony. associate scientist and state archaeologist, D. Flat copper axe 5 inches in length. re-excavated this site plus other mounds on The same material could have been unearthed the same high plateau situated on the north in a Hopewell mound in Ross County, Ohio; bank of the Genesee River. This location in however, it was found in a site with the same today's prehistoric studies is known to the cultural affiliation hundreds of miles to the New York archaeological community as the northeast. "Squawkie Hill site — New York Focus - The 3%-inch pipe is shown in exaggerated Hopewellian Phase." size in figures 1-3 to display the artwork of A few years ago at the New York State this culture.
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