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View Ofthe Various Site Types INFORMATION TO USERS While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dep f ient upon the quality of the material submitted. For exs .iple: • Manuscript pages may have indistinct print. In such cases, the best available copy has been filmed. • Manuscripts may not always be complete. In such cases, a note will indicate that it is not possible to obtain missing pages. • Copyrighted material may have been removed from the manuscript. In such cases, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is also filmed as one exposure and is available, for an additional charge, as a s&ndard 35mm slide or as a 17”x 23” black and white photographic print. Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive microfilm or microfiche but lack the clarity on xerographic copies made from the microfilm. For an additional charge, 35mm slides of 6”x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography. 8703582 Lepper, Bradley Thomas EARLY PALEO-INDIAN LAND USE PATTERNS IN THE CENTRAL MUSKINGUM RIVER BASIN, COSHOCTON COUNTY, OHIO The Ohio State University Ph.D. 1986 University Microfilms I nternetionsi300 N. zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Copyright 1986 by Lepper, Bradley Thomas All Rights Reserved EARLY PALEO-INDIAN LAND USE PATTERNS IN THE CENTRAL MUSKINGUM RIVER BASIN, COSHOCTON COUNTY, OHIO DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Bradley Thomas Lepper, B.A., M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 1986 Dissertation Committee: Approved by W.S. Dancey P.W. Sciulli Aoviser W.M. Sumner Department of Anthropology Copyright by Bradley Thomas Lepper 1986 To my mother and father Donald L. and Mary E. Lepper for nurturing the dream; and to my wife Karen for seeing it through to fruition. Their sacrifices have made this work possible. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1 am grateful to my Adviser, Dr. William S. Dancey, for his invaluable aid in defining the limits of this study, for stimulating intellectual discussions on all aspects of archaeological research, and for his stubborn refusal to accept anything less than my best efforts. Dr. Paul S. Sciulli deserves special recognition as something of a co­ adviser. The analyses undertaken in the course of this research have benefited substantially from his expertise in data analysis and statistics. His seemingly boundless knowledge, his dedication to scientific excellence, and his playful wit have helped to sustain me through this doctoral research. His teaching and advising have presented me with a high standard for which to strive in my own career. I am thankful to Dr. Wiliam M. Sumner for imparting to me something of his clear-headed understanding of what archaeological research can be. Although he may never read this, I wish to acknowledge my great debt to Dr. 01af H. Prufer of Kent State University. His seminal research into the Paleo-Indian occupation of Ohio has provided the foundation for whatever iii contribution 1 have made. On a less esoteric level, our numerous conversations and letters during the formative stages of my research served to sharpen the focus of this study. Finally, his unselfish sharing of information provided the core of data upon which this study is based. My deepest thanks and appreciation go to Dr. Norman L. Wright of Coshocton, Ohio. Much of what I have been able to accomplish here is a result of the tireless efforts of Dr. Wright both in the field and in the community as he helped to seek out everyone in the county who might have a fluted point in their collection. Dr. Wright has now performed this valuable service for two generations of Ohio archaeologists since he was also Dr. Prufer's principal informant in Coshocton County. There are numerous additional amateur archaeologists and artifact collectors who made significant contributions to this research. In lieu of naming each individually, I wish to thank all of the individuals who supplied data on fluted points from Coshocton County. Each find has added to our understanding of Paleo-Indian prehistory. Mrs. Mary Shaw and the staff of the Johnson-Humrickhouse Museum of Coshocton, Ohio, generously allowed me access to their important collections of Paleo-Indian material. Moreover, they permitted me to use their facility as a local IV base of operations for my research and administered a generous grant which provided important materials for the analysis of the distributional data reported herein. I thank them for their trust and support. The Instruction and Research Computer Center of The Ohio State University provided computer money through the Department of Anthropology for the analysis of data, and many of the figures and tables presented herein are products of the subsequent computer analyses. Mr. Steven M. Carter, a friend and graduate student in the Department of Computer and Information Science, provided invaluable technical advice and support in this regard. My friend and colleague in the Department of Anthropology, Ms. Annette Ericksen-Latimer, provided valuable assistance in the reconstruction of vegetational patterns in late Pleistocene and modern Coshocton County, Ohio. Her efforts, which are summarized in Figures 4 and 5, provided an invaluable contribution to the paleoenviromental reconstructions developed for this research. Dr. Michael C. Hansen of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources read an early draft of the chapter on the late Pleistocene environment of Coshocton County. His thoughtful comments and criticisms are gratefully acknowledged. Dr. Robson Bonnlchsen, the director of the Center for the Study of Early Man at the University of Maine at Orono, provided many hours of stimulating discussion on Paleo- Indian problems and his valuable insights and contagious enthusiasm are gratefully acknowledged. Dr. David Meltzer of Southern Methodist University corresponded with me at length on the subject of Paleo-Indian adaptations in eastern North America. His thinking on this subject was so enlightened and corresponded so closely to my own that I may have unintentionally attempted to take credit for some of his ideas. I apologize if this has occurred, and acknowledge my debt to his contribution. Dr. Peter Storck of the Royal Ontario Museum read several of the early chapters and provided helpful comments on the presentation and content. The quality of this document has benefited from his knowledge and sagacity. A final professional acknowledgement must go to Dr. John Marwitt of the University of Akron. Dr Marwitt introduced me to the problem of the peopling of the Americas and the interest which he engendered in me has now blossomed into this document. I wish to acknowledge here the support of my father-in- law and mother-in-law, Robert W. and Jamae W. Richardson. They helped to supply me with an office fully equipped to Vi pursue academic research and provided much appreciated spiritual support. My father and mother, Donald L. and Mary E. Lepper have contributed so much in the way of tangible and intagible support that words could not begin to properly express the depth of my appreciation. That is why they share the dedication of the dissertation with my wife. I only hope that this document is a fitting tribute to them. My wife Karen shares the dedication of this dissertation with my parents. This simple fact is an indication of the contribution which she has made to the culmination of this project. A list of specific contributions would substantially lengthen this already lenghty document, and even then I would doubtless leave something out. In regard to "leaving something out," I would like to conclude this section with my sincere apologies to anyone whom I have slighted by my failure to acknowledge their contribution. I take full responsibility for these and any other errors of omission or commission in this document. vii VITAE Bradley Thomas Lepper Date of birth: November 19, 1955 Marital status: married, Karen Anne Richardson EDUCATION: Ph.D. Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, December 1966 M.A. Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, December 1979 B.A. (with distinction) Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, May 1978 RESEARCH INTERESTS: Early human occupation of the New World; Paleo-Indian occupation of eastern North iVmerica; Hunter-gatherer cultural ecology PUBLICATIONS: (partial list) Lepper, B.T. 1983 Fluted point distributional patterns in the eastern United States: a contemporary phenomenon. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 8(2):269-285. 1983 Reflections on the distribution of fluted points in Ohio: why we may not know what we think we know. Ohio Archaeologist 33(1):32-35. 1983 Ohio fluted projectile points: a preliminary functional analysis. Ohio Archaeologist 33(l):42-43. 1983 A Paleo-Indian "Boy Scout knife." Ohio Archaeologist 33(2):10. viii 1983 A preliminary report of a mastodon tooth find and a Paleo-Indian site in Hardin County, Ohio. Ohio Archaeologist 33(4):10-13. 1984 Ohio fluted projectile points: a preliminary functional analysis, Part II. Ohio Archaeologist 34(1):4-12. 1985 Effects of cultivation and collecting on Ohio fluted point finds: a reply to Seeman and Prufer. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 10(2):241-250. 1986 Fluted point distributional patterns in the central Muskingum River basin, Coshocton County, Ohio (abstract). American Quaternary Association, Program and Abstracts of the ninth biennial meeting, 2 - 4 June, 1986, p. 147. 1986 The Paleoindian occupation of the central Muskingum River basin, Coshocton County, Ohio. Current Research in the Pleistocene 3:11-13.
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