Niklas Schulze – Cesar Moreno-Triana 24 February 2015
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REPORT ON THE JOINT UNESCO-WHC / ICOMOS REACTIVE MONITORING MISSION TO CHAN CHAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ZONE (PERU) (C 366) 2 TO 5 DECEMBER 2014 Niklas Schulze – Cesar Moreno-Triana 24 February 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................... 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................... 5 1. BACKGROUND TO THE MISSION ................................................................................... 8 1.1. Inscription history ..................................................................................................... 9 1.2. Criteria of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) ........................................................ 9 1.3. Conservation and Authenticity ............................................................................... 10 1.4. Integrity .................................................................................................................. 10 1.5. State of Conservation ............................................................................................ 10 1.6. Justification for the 2014 reactive monitoring mission ............................................ 11 2. NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE PRESERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE WORLD HERITAGE PROPERTY ................................................................................ 12 2.1. Heritage legislation ................................................................................................ 12 2.2. Institutional framework ........................................................................................... 14 2.3. Management structure ........................................................................................... 14 3. IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF ISSUES / THREATS ................................... 17 3.1. Management effectiveness .................................................................................... 17 3.2. Nature and extent of threats to the property, taking into consideration the cultural values for which the property was inscribed and specific issues outlined by the World Heritage Committee ........................................................................................................ 17 a) Condition assessment of the state of conservation and identification of priority areas: ..................................................................................................................... 18 b) Priority and emergency conservation measures: ................................................ 19 c) Conservation guidelines: .................................................................................... 19 d) Vegetation barriers and perimeter walls: ............................................................ 20 e) Site museum intervention programme included in Public Use Plan: ................... 21 f) Solid waste management: ................................................................................... 21 g) Planning documents: .......................................................................................... 23 h) Definition of the buffer zone and its regulatory measures: .................................. 24 2 i) Regulations for Law no. 28261 and illegal occupation: ........................................ 24 j) Evaluation of effectiveness of institutional arrangements in the Management Plan:25 k) Sources for secured funding in the long-term: .................................................... 25 l) Urban pressure / Buffer Zone: ............................................................................. 26 m) Phreatic level: ................................................................................................... 26 4. ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF CONSERVATION OF THE PROPERTY ................ 28 4.1. Review whether the attributes of Outstanding Universal Value, on the basis of which the property was inscribed on the World Heritage List, and the conditions of integrity and authenticity are being maintained .................................................................................... 28 4.2. Review any follow-up measures to previous decisions of the World Heritage Committee on the state of conservation of the property and measures which the State Party plans to take to protect the Outstanding Universal Value of the property ................ 29 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................ 30 5.1. Summary of findings .............................................................................................. 30 5.2. Recommendations for any additional action to be taken by the State Party, including draft recommendations to the World Heritage Committee ............................................... 30 6. ANNEXES ....................................................................................................................... 33 Annex 1: Terms of reference ........................................................................................... 34 Annex 2: Itinerary and programme .................................................................................. 35 Annex 3: List and contact details of people met ............................................................... 45 Annex 4: Decisions of the World Heritage Committee ..................................................... 46 Annex 5: Press ................................................................................................................ 47 Annex 6: Technical documents ....................................................................................... 47 Annex 6.1: Executive Ruling 019-2012-MC – Modifies S.R. for the establishment of the Multi-sectorial Commission for the integral recovery of the property Annex 6.2: Outline of the Integral Risk Prevention Plan Annex 6.3: Executive Order no. 057-2004-PCM – Approval of Law regulation Nº27314, General Solid Waste Act Annex 6.4: Executive Order no. 003-2013-VIVIENDA, 8 February, 2013 – Approval of Regulation for Management and Handling of Waste from Construction and Demolition Activities Annex 6.5: Regional Ordinance no. 012-2005-CR/RLL – Farmers Law 28261 Annex 6.6: Metropolitan Urban Development Plan of Trujillo 2012 - 2022 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The mission would like to express special acknowledgements to the Ministry of Culture of Peru, the Decentralized Directorate in Trujillo, the Special Project Chan Chan Archaeological Complex (PECACH), the Municipality of Trujillo as well as other national, regional and local authorities, and the professionals of each institution participating in the presentations, meetings, field visits and events developed during the visit to the Chan Chan Archaeological Zone. This mission also expresses acknowledgements to the UNESCO Office in Lima and ICOMOS Peru. Finally, the mission would like to thank all the staff, officials, civil servants, representatives of local, regional and national organizations, community leaders and local residents for their support, guidance, information, and for the successful accomplishment of this mission. 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS The Chan Chan Archaeological Zone is one of the largest and most important pre-hispanic cities of earthen architecture in the Americas. The remains of this vast city reflect in their layout a strict political and social strategy, emphasized by their division into nine 'citadels' or 'palaces' forming independent units, and also the technological, ideological and economic levels attained by the Chimor society between the ninth and fifteenth centuries, not long before falling to the Incas. The Outstanding Universal Value of Chan Chan resides in the extensive, hierarchically planned remains of this huge city, including remnants of the industrial, agricultural and water management systems that sustained it. It bears a unique testimony and is the most representative city of the disappeared Chimu kingdom where eleven thousand years of cultural evolution in northern Peru are synthesized and expressed. The property was inscribed in 1986 as a cultural site under criteria (i) and (iii) at the 10th session of the World Heritage Committee in Paris, by Decision CONF 003 VIII, under the name of “Chan Chan Archaeological Zone”. On the recommendation of the Bureau and following a request from the Peruvian authorities, the Committee also decided to inscribe the property on the List of World Heritage in Danger. The World Heritage Committee examined the state of conservation of the property at its 38th session and by Decision 38 COM 7A.22 (Doha, 2014) considered that the State Party has made considerable progress in meeting the Desired state of conservation for the removal of the property from the List of World Heritage in Danger. They noted however that the corrective measures to ensure the long-term protection of the property, particularly regarding the update process of the Management Plan and the approval of the regulation of Law no. 28261, had yet to be finalized and so decided to send a joint WHC/ICOMOS reactive monitoring mission to assess whether the implementation of the above-mentioned actions may warrant the removal of the property from the List of World Heritage in Danger. In conformity with its terms of reference, the mission visited and assessed the state of conservation of the property (see Annex 1: Terms of Reference of the mission). The main findings of the mission: • Since the last reactive monitoring mission in