Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-84077-4 — After Charlemagne Edited by Clemens Gantner , Walter Pohl Index More Information

Index

Aachen 13, 25, 55, 57, 149, 155, 157, 230 Amalric, bishop of Como 155 peace of 89–90, 142, 223 Ambrose, archbishop of Milan 216, 226 Absalom, biblical son of David 151 Anastasius Bibliothecarius 2, 12–13, 28, 69, Adalbert I, margrave of Tuscany 124 167, 172, 177 Adalbert II, margrave of Tuscany 117, 125, Anastasius, anti-pope See Anastasius 127, 129–30, 132 Bibliothecarius death of 130–1 Andreas of Bergamo, Historia 2, 20, 22–6, Adalbert, king of Italy, son of Berengar II 53 29–34, 47–9, 68, 85–6 Adalbert, margrave of Ivrea 128 Andrew, saint 186 Adalhard, abbot of Corbie, grandson of Angilberga, empress, wife of Louis II Charles Martel 56, 62, 73, 103, 138 13–14, 31, 33, 57, 69, 122, 157, 160 Adelchis, count of Parma 57, 166–7 Angilbert, abbot of Saint-Riquier 73, 266 Adelchis, king of the Lombards 87, 227 Angilbert, archbishop of Milan 25, 57, 60, Adelchis, prince of Benevento 14, 113 72, 204, 239, 273 Admonitio generalis 75 Angilbert, primicerius palatii 138 Adriatic 92, 189, 191, 194 Angilram, bishop of Metz 65, 221, 263 eastern 187 Annales alamannici 138 north-eastern 90 Annales Bertiniani 21, 26, 121, 150, 159, northern 206, 223 168, 171, 173–4, 176 Ageltrude, empress, wife of Guy III of Annales mettenses priores 136, 138 Spoleto 126–7 Annales qui dicuntur Einhardi 40, 86 Agilulf, abbot of Bobbio 74 Annales regni Francorum 21, 39, 85, 138, Agilulf, king of the Lombards 231 223 Agnellus of Ravenna 22, 24–6, 32–4, 56, Anno, bishop of Verona 228, 265 186–7, 193 Ansa, queen, wife of Desiderius 239 Liber Pontiﬁcalis ecclesiae Ravennatis 20, Anselmo dedicata 74 68, 188 Anspert, archbishop of Milan 31, 49 Agrippinus, bishop of Naples, saint 216 Antonius, bishop of Brescia 31 Aio, count of Friuli 86, 89 Apollinaris, saint 194 Aistulf, king of the Lombards 36, 38, 61, Apulia 14, 21 85, 91, 238 Aquileia 229, 237 Aix-la-Chapelle see Aachen patriarchate of 88, 156, 230–7, 246–7, Alamannia 41, 60, 222, 229 254 Alamans 59–60, 224, 229, 239 Aquitaine 25, 39–40, 65, 105, 110, 136 Alberic I, duke of Spoleto 196 Arezzo 119, 121–2, 129–30 Alcuin 2, 70–2, 76, 236, 245, 252–3, 255 bishopric of 3, 117–19, 121, 123, 129–32 manuscripts 70, 72, 77–8 Arichis II, duke of Benevento 23, 34, 54, Alexander, saint 238 211, 256 Amadeus, count palatine 127 Arnulf of Carinthia, emperor 15, 58, 117, Amalarius of Metz 71–2 124–5, 127, 129 manuscripts 78 Arnulf, bishop of Metz 221 Amalﬁ 29, 191, 213 Arsenius, bishop of Orte 13

328

Index 329

Arusianus Messius, grammarian 267–8 Bilongus, bishop of Verona 60 Astronomer 105, 149, 152 Bloch, Marc 97 Athanasius II, duke and bishop of Naples Bobbio 66, 71–2, 74, 79, 205, 268 213 Bologna 27, 34, 168 Atto, bishop of Vercelli 69, 73 Boniface II, margrave of Tuscany 162 Augustine, saint 270 Boniface, count of Lucca 141 De dialectica 271 Boso 167 De rhetorica 271 Boso, Bosonid? 166 Austrasia (Francia) 266 Boso, count and duke 50 Austria (Italy) 36 Bougard, François 153, 155, 215–16 Authari, king of the Lombards 37 Bourdieu, Pierre 202 Auxerre 75 Brescia 31, 49, 72, 214, 273 Avars 23, 55, 69, 85–7, 161, 223, 254, 266, bishopric of 73, 117 268, 273 Bullough, Donald 249 Burgundy 15, 31, 41, 156, 159, 166 Bachrach, Bernard S. 100–1 Baldrich, margrave of Friuli 223, 238 Cadolah, count of Friuli? 89 Barbatus, bishop of Benevento 213 Calabria 14, 21, 37 Life of 216–17 Calixtus, saint, bishop of Rome 245–6 Barbero, Alessandro 101 Translatio of 239–41, 243–5, 247–8 Bari 13–14, 29–31, 178 Campania 21 emirate of 13, 113 Candidianus, patriarch of Grado 234 Bartholomew, archbishop of Nantes 174 Capitulare Francofurtense 220 Basil I, Byzantine emperor 2, 14 Caprino 143, 146 Bavaria 5, 25, 41, 55, 60, 65, 222 Capua 14, 29–30, 211, 214 Bede 71, 263 Cronaca della dinastia capuana 33 Benedict III, pope 12, 28, 167, 177 Carloman, king of Bavaria 15, 120, 122, Life of 28 126, 131 Benedict IV, pope 116 Carolingians 2–3, 5, 7, 19, 21, 53, 58, 85, Benedict of Aniane, Concordia regularum 71, 87, 91–3, 98, 104, 108, 166, 169, 175, 78 179, 192, 206, 214, 216, 221, 225–6, Benedict of Monte Cassino, Chronica 20, 244, 251, 264 27, 29–30, 32–3, 35, 68 and Benevento 21, 177, 211 Benedict of Sant’Andrea, Chronicon 52 and papacy 12, 32, 164, 170 Beneventans 23, 30, 33–5, 176 descent from 15–16 Benevento 6, 11, 14, 21, 23, 29–31, 33–4, in historiography 20–1, 23, 27–9, 31–2, 37, 42, 57, 113, 150, 159, 175–9, 181, 35 199, 207, 211–14, 216–17, 273 Casauria 208 Berengar I, king of Italy, emperor 2, 15–16, Cassiodorus 250, 263 52, 64, 70, 116–17, 124–5, 127, Castagnetti, Andrea 140, 142 129–31, 224 Charlemagne 6, 11, 19, 39–42, 44, 55, 60, death of 1, 16 62, 67, 69, 92, 100–1, 105–6, 109, 121, Gesta Berengarii imperatoris 69, 75, 273 123, 138, 143, 145–6, 152, 161–2, imperial coronation of 117, 130 170, 188–9, 219–20, 223, 252, 258, Berengar II of Ivrea, king of Italy 16, 52 264 Bergamo 52, 125, 144 and Aquileia 87–8, 230 Bernard, count of Verona(?) 166–7 and Italy 5–6, 21, 24, 42, 54, 85, 92, 105, Bernard, duke of Septimania 162 249 Bernard, king of Italy 6, 24, 42, 44, 49, 56, and Ravenna 34, 189, 192, 207 143, 145, 149, 152, 157, 161 Capitulare Haristallense 63, 105–6, death of 7, 47, 111 108 revolt of 7, 56, 87, 161 Capitulare missorum italicum 106 title of 42, 47, 49 capitularies of 107–8, 111 Bertha, wife of Adalbert I of Tuscany 130 conquest of Italy 5, 20, 22, 32–3, 38, 47, Bertharius, abbot of Monte Cassino 69 54, 135, 145, 251, 264, 272

330 Index

Charlemagne (cont.) Cunincpert, king of the Lombards 52, 261 co-rulership with Pippin See Pippin, king Cysoing 239–40, 244, 246–7 of Italy: co-rulership with Charlemagne court of 19, 66, 138, 251, 253–4, 258, Dalmatia 190 260, 263–4, 268, 272 Daniel 28, 34 death of 1, 6, 136, 142 Daniel, biblical Book of 66, 252 imperial coronation of 23 David, biblical king 151 itinerary of 214 Davis, Jennifer 155, 219, 236, 246, 249 Karoli epistola in Italiam emissa 105 Davis, Raymond 166, 176 Notitia italica 85–7 Delogu, Paolo 19, 35, 59, 125, 215 relationship with sons 149, 161 Desiderius, abbot of Monte Cassino 71 supporters of 19, 155, 161, 223 Desiderius, king of the Lombards 5, 20, titles of 5, 32, 34, 42, 56, 137 22–3, 32, 36, 54, 87, 140, 142, 227, Charles II the Bald, king of West Francia, 239 emperor 2, 8–9, 13, 15, 25–6, 31, 43, Desiderius, lector, martyr 217 50, 57–8, 121–3, 126, 131, 157, 165, Deusdedit, papal consiliarius 195 174, 193–4 Deuteronomy, biblical Book of 151 Capitulare Papiense 113 Dhuoda 236, 245 court of 120–1, 124 Dionysio-Hadriana 74 death of 15 Divisio regnorum 39, 41, 142, 145, 161 election of 51 Drogo, archbishop of Metz 27, 153, 165–6, imperial coronation of 15, 31 169, 171, 173–4, 176–7, 180 in Italy 49–50 Dructemir, notary of Lothar I 157 Charles III the Fat, emperor 15, 50–2, 72, Duby, Georges 97 92, 122–4, 126, 194 Dungal 67, 69, 72, 78–9, 270, 272 death of 116, 124 Dupré Theseider, Eugenio 201 imperial coronation of 122, 124 Charles the Younger, king of the Franks 5, Ebbo, archbishop of Reims 174 24, 161–2 Eberhard, margrave of Friuli 24–5, 72, 88, Charles, king of Provence 12, 26, 153 90, 154, 156, 238–43, 246–7 Cicero 267, 269 court of 67, 241–2 Cirelli, Enrico 190 death of 239 Cividale 87, 206, 230, 237, 255, 272 library of 70–1, 77, 80–1, 241 Claudian, poet 260, 263, 267–8 Efebus, bishop of Naples, saint 216 Claudius, bishop of Turin 66–7, 69 Egino, bishop of Verona 60, 224 Codex Carolinus 188 Einhard 57, 151, 161, 222, 238, 253 Codex Diezianus 266–8 Libellus de psalmis 70 Comacchio 92–3 manuscripts 78 Como, Lake 260 Vita Karoli 71 Compiègne 57, 238 Eiten, Gustav 150 Constance, lake 228–9 Elbuncus, bishop of Parma 116, 127–8, 131 Constantine V, Byzantine emperor Eldradus, abbot of Novalesa 67, 75 186 Emilia 41, 50, 119, 193, 197, 230 Constantinople 185–7, 214 empire Constitutio Romana 7–8, 24, 28, 32, 164, Byzantine 3, 6, 10, 14, 37, 42, 55, 57, 91, 172–4 177, 185–7, 189–91, 202, 213 Consultus Fortunatianus 268, 270–1 Carolingian 1, 42, 90, 114, 118, 125, Corsica 23, 109, 145 205, 219, 223, 236, 243, 247, 249 Corte Olona See Olona Engelrada, daughter of Hucpold 196 Costambeys, Marios 100 Ennodius, bishop of Pavia 260, 263 Cremona 92–3, 269 Epitaphium Arsenii 162 bishopric of 92–3 Epitome Phillipsiana 225–6, 236, 265 plea of 85, 92 Erchempert, Historia Langobardorum Cunegund, wife of Bernard, king of Italy Beneventanorum 20, 22–3, 25, 27, 157 29–35, 69, 175, 178

Index 331

Eric, duke of Friuli 66, 88, 245 Fulda 229, 242 Ermengard, daughter of Louis II 13–15 Fulrad, abbot of Saint Denis, chancellor of Ermengard, empress, wife of Lothar I 57, Charlemagne 222, 238 153–4, 164 Fumagalli, Vito 59 Ermengard, empress, wife of Louis the Pious 24–5 Gaeta 27, 191, 213 Esther, biblical Book of 72 Galdipert, notary 143–4 Eucherius 263 Ganshof, François Louis 94, 96–8, 100, Eugenius II, pope 7, 238 112, 114 Life of 24 Gantner, Clemens 33, 159 Euphemia, saint 186 Garibaldus, bishop of Novara 128 Gasparri, Stefano 19, 111, 140, 142 Fardolfus, abbot of St Denis 257, 263–4 Gaul 15, 61–2, 66, 200 Farfa 7, 70–2, 207–8 Genova 216 Constructio Farfensis 68 George, archbishop of Ravenna 25–6, 193 Regestum Farfense 120, 208 George, saint 186 Felix, bishop of Urgell 252 Gezo of Tortona 69, 80 Festus, saint 217 Gisela, abbess of San Salvatore in Brescia, Fiducia 263, 266 daughter of Lothar I 159 Firmus Gisela, daughter of Louis the Pious, wife of Passio et translatio sanctorum Firmi et Eberhard of Friuli 25, 238–41, 245–7 Rustici 266 Goffart, Walter 221 Firmus, martyr 227, 229, 248 Gondreville 155–6, 159 Passio et translatio sanctorum Firmi et Gottschalk of Orbais 67, 241–3 Rustici 227–9 Grado 88, 230–7, 246 Flavius Josephus 65 Gratian, magister militum 28, 34 Flodoard of Rheims, Annales 52 Gregory IV, pope 25–6, 164, 169, 232 Florence 127 Life of 26 Florus of Lyon 58, 70, 74–6, 79 Gregory of Tours 61, 71 manuscripts 78 Decem libri historiarum 71 Fontenoy, battle of 9, 26, 165, 193 Gregory the Great, pope 226, 257 Formosus, pope 127, 195 Gregory, brother of John VIII of Ravenna Fortunatus I, bishop of Naples, saint 216 191, 193 Fortunatus, deacon, saint 236 Grimoald III, duke of Benevento 6, 23, 34 Fortunatus, patriarch of Aquileia 88–9 Grimoald, king of the Lombards 52 Fouracre, Paul 220 Guidones 9, 197 Francia 2, 8–9, 24–6, 42, 51, 56, 61, 140, Gumprandus, cleric 62 148, 150, 154, 156, 158, 162, 205, Gunzo of Novara 69 212, 216, 223 Guy I, duke of Spoleto 9–11, 27, 29–30, 34, Eastern 9, 58 175–8, 180–1 Northern 269 Guy III, duke of Spoleto, king of Italy, Southern 72 emperor 15, 64, 117, 124–7, 129 Western 9, 58 imperial coronation of 126, 194 Frankfurt 57 Guy, margrave of Tuscany 130 council of 219, 227, 236, 245, 247 Franks 5–6, 10, 19, 21–3, 26–7, 29–30, Hadrian I, pope 5, 23, 135, 188 33–5, 43, 46–8, 54–6, 59–60, 71, 86, Life of 32 125, 146, 155, 170–2, 175, 179, 205, Hadrian II, pope 14–15, 31, 34, 120 211 Life of 29, 32 Fredegar 71 Hagano, bishop of Bergamo 13, 270–1 Freising 60, 70 Haimo of Auxerre 71 Fried, Johannes 97 manuscripts 79 Frisia 158 Halitgar of Cambrais, manuscripts 79 Friuli 21, 70, 85–7, 90, 206, 223, 243 Helias, patriarch of Aquileia 232 Fulcrad, count of Arles 156 Henry II, Ottonian king, emperor

332 Index

Henry II, Ottonian king, emperor (cont.) northern 4, 16, 30, 41, 49, 51, 68, 95, library of 270 136, 139–40, 142–4, 167, 188, 201, Hermachoras, saint 216, 234–5, 237 203, 205, 214–15, 218, 235, 243, 258, passio of 236 269 Hildegard, queen, wife of Charlemagne 5, north-western 270 135 southern 10, 13, 29, 42, 45, 69, 112, 190, Hildemar of Corbie 66–7, 72, 273 211–14, 239, 241 Hildemar, archbishop of Reims 69 Ivrea 73 Hildeprand, duke of Spoleto 86 Hilduin, abbot of Saint Denis 222, 238 Jarnut, Jörg 149, 155 Hincmar, archbishop of Reims 2, 29, 58, Jerome, saint 66, 252, 263 75, 80, 148 Psalter 75 De ordine palatii 152 John I, bishop of Arezzo 67, 120–5, 129 Hippolytus, saint 238 John I, bishop of Naples 217 Historia Langobardorum Codicis Gothani 20, John I, patriarch of Aquileia 231 22–3, 32–3, 42, 68–9 John IV, bishop of Naples 216 Hlawitschka, Eduard 9, 19 John IX, archbishop of Ravenna See John X, Horace 259, 262, 267, 269 pope Horden, Peregrine 201 John Scottus Eriugena 270 Hrabanus Maurus, archbishop of Mainz 67, John the Deacon 91 70–2, 75, 224, 229, 241–4 Istoria Veneticorum 90–1 manuscripts 79 John VIII, archbishop of Ravenna 12–13, Hrodgaud, duke of Friuli 85–7, 230 172, 185–96 revolt of 5, 85–6, 223 John VIII, pope 15, 49, 51, 121, 195 Hucpold, count palatine 196 John X, pope 195 Hugh, count of Tours 153–4, 162 John, count of Seprio, count palatine 166 Hugh, illegitimate son of Charlemagne 165 John, Frankish count of Istria 89 Jonas of Orléans 245 Ianuarius, saint, bishop of Benevento and Jong, Mayke de 219 Naples 217 Joseph, bishop of Ivrea 60–1, 72–3, 155, Translatio of 217 157, 273 identity Judith, biblical Book of 72 Carolingian 230, 237, 248–9 Judith, empress, wife of Louis the Pious 8, Christian 219, 236 24–5, 224 Italian 23 Julius Victor 267 Lombard 35–7, 39, 41–2, 48, 53, 216 Justinian, Eastern Roman emperor 34, 186, urban 201–3 250 Innes, Matthew 100 Corpus iuris civilis 95 Institutio canonicorum 63 Juvenal 267 Iohannes Diaconus (Naples) 69 Isidore, bishop of Seville 263 Kasten, Brigitte 153 Istria 3, 88–90, 93, 206, 230–1, 235 Kempf, Damien 221 Italia 37–42, 45, 47, 49–53, 108 Kerneis, Soazik 101 Annonaria 38, 235 Koziol, Geoffrey 118 Italy Carolingian 3, 16, 21, 54–6, 64, 77, 115, La Rocca, Cristina 201 136–7, 139–40, 143–5, 147, 185, Lambert I, duke of Spoleto 29, 34, 157 187–8, 192, 197, 206, 224, 230, 240, Lambert II, duke of Spoleto, king of Italy, 248–9, 267, 273–4 emperor 15, 64, 117, 124–5, 127–9 central 8, 11, 140, 181, 188, 202, 207–8, imperial coronation of 194 213–14, 239, 241 Lambert, count of Nantes 9 Lombard 61, 64, 145, 262, 264 Langobardia 30, 38, 40–1, 43, 45, 52 north-eastern 25, 85–7, 89, 92–3, 185, Lazio 41, 120, 210 222, 229, 235, 237, 239–40, 246–9, Lazzari, Tiziana 215 254 Le Jan, Régine 102

Index 333

Leo I, archbishop of Ravenna 22 Louis II the Stammerer, king of Aquitaine Leo III, pope 6, 22, 32, 169, 193 and West Francia Leo IV, pope 11–12, 28, 32, 34 coronation of 174 Life of 28 Louis II, king of Italy, emperor 2–4, 9–15, Leo, vassus and iudex 159 25–34, 46–8, 50, 53, 69, 92, 112, 117, Libellus de imperatoria potestate in urbe Roma 120–1, 126, 150, 153–4, 156–9, 164, 2, 16, 120 166–7, 175, 193, 195–6, 207, 214, 271 Liber glossarum 73, 273 and papacy 12, 28, 172, 180, 194 Liber Pontiﬁcalis 12, 20, 22–4, 27–9, 31–4, burial of 31, 49 57, 166–73, 175–7, 179, 186, 209 capitularies of 112 Libri feudorum 94–5, 98, 102 captivity in Benevento 14, 31, 33, 58, 69, Liutprand, bishop of Cremona 53, 69 113, 273 Liutprand, king of the Lombards 36, 60, Constitutio de expeditione beneventana 113 91, 141, 203, 265, 270 coronations of 10–12, 14, 29, 45, 150, Liutward, bishop of Vercelli 72–3, 75, 174 80 court of 155, 158, 239 Loire 200 death of 2, 14–15, 20, 29, 31, 47, 49, 51, Lombards 9, 22, 24, 27, 35–6, 38, 43, 47–8, 58, 121–2, 174, 194 51–4, 91, 108, 186, 189, 203, 212, epitaph of 47 235, 238, 261 expedition to Benevento 11, 112 Beneventan 30, 35, 40, 175, 195 expedition to Rome (844) 4, 10, 153, king of the See rex Langobardorum 165, 168, 175–81 kingdom of See regnum Langobardorum imperial coronation of 28, 154 laws of 61 itinerary of 214 Southern 14, 27, 46, 175 letter to Basil I 2, 14 Lombardy 21, 30, 44, 95 supporters of 167 Lothar I, emperor 1, 4, 7–10, 12, 24–6, 31, titles of 32, 44–5, 57–8, 172 34, 44–5, 48, 50, 56, 58, 67, 69, 88, Louis III the Blind, emperor 15, 116, 127–9 90–2, 112, 123, 148–51, 156, 159, blinding of 15, 128 161–2, 164–5, 167, 169, 172, 174, imperial coronation of 116 176–80, 193, 207, 214, 224, 238, 244, Louis the German, king of East Francia 2, 271–2 8–9, 15, 25–6, 31, 58, 148–9, 157, 193 and Italy 6–7, 9, 11, 56, 153 court of 120 and papacy 27–8, 164, 169, 207 Louis the Pious, king of Aquitaine, emperor Capitulare de expeditione Corsicana 6–10, 24, 32–3, 42–4, 47, 64, 67, 69, 109–11, 113 87, 89, 123, 143, 145, 149, 153–4, capitularies of 11, 43, 107, 109, 111–12, 161, 164–5, 192, 224, 226 270 and Italy 162, 214 coronation of 7 and papacy 193 court of 155, 239 coronation of 24 death of 12, 149 co-rulership with Charlemagne 136, 144 imperial coronation of 24 court of 162 itinerary of 155–6, 160 death of 9, 25, 44, 165 rebellion of 25, 149 deposition of 8, 148, 238 relationship with Louis II 148–9, 152–3, reinstatement of 8 156–60, 163 relationship with Lothar I 8–9, 25, 111, supporters of 9, 13, 19, 57, 59, 152, 149, 151, 153, 156, 162 154–5, 157, 160, 162, 167, 176, 180, relationship with sons 8, 149, 151, 158, 193 161–2, 165 title of 8, 32, 44, 56 second marriage of 8 Lothar II, Frankish king 12–13, 26, 34, 153, titles of 44 158 Louis the Younger, king of the Franks 148 death of 13, 15, 31 Lucan 267, 269 divorce of 13, 29, 31, 194, 271 Lucca 38, 116, 137, 141–2 Lotharingia 120 Luke, Gospel of 66

334 Index

Lullus, Jew 252 Noble, Thomas F. X. 189 Lupus, abbot of Ferrières 241 Nonantola 205 Lupus, bishop of Chieti? 67 library of 63, 71 Lyon 72, 75 Noting, bishop of Verona and Brescia 67, 155, 224–5, 239–40, 243–4 MacLean, Simon 100 Notker the Stammerer Magnou-Nortier, Elisabeth 101 Gesta Karoli 72 Mainz 193 Liber sequentiarum 75 council of 220 manuscripts 80 Majocchi, Piero 201 Novalesa 60, 67, 70 Mantua 92, 130, 204, 214 Novara 73, 117 synod of 85, 88, 230, 232–3, 236–7 Marcellinus, saint 238 Odegaard, Charles E. 98, 100–1, Marengo 204, 214 114 Marius, bishop of Avenches 86 Odelricus, bishop of Cremona 80 Mark the Evangelist, saint 237 Odilbertus, archbishop of Milan 67 legend of 232–7 Olona 111, 203–4, 214, 270 Martial 260, 267 Ordinatio imperii 6, 25, 43–4, 58, 161 Martianus Capella 269, 273 Origen 75 Martin, archbishop of Ravenna 192 Orseolo, Pietro II, duke of Venice 91 Martinus, duke 196 Otto I, emperor 16 Matfrid, count of Orléans 162 Ottonians, dynasty 16, 187, 197 Maurinus 195 Ovid 260, 262 Maurinus, count palatine 166–7 Maurus, archbishop of Ravenna 193 Paciﬁcus, archdeacon of Verona 67, 72, 75, Maurus, deacon 186 77 Maxentius, patriarch of Aquileia 67, 230–3, Pactum Lotharii 85, 90–3, 192 236–7 Pactum Ludovicianum 7, 24 Maximian, archbishop of Ravenna 186 Parma 92, 119, 122–3, 126–7, 129 Maximianus, Roman emperor 227 bishopric of 3, 117–19, 122–3, 126–8, Maximus, bishop of Naples, saint 216 131–2 Meersen, treaty of 15 Particiaco, Giovanni, duke of Venice 90 Merovingians, dynasty 22, 60–1, 220 Particiaco, Giustiniano, duke of Venice 90 court of 261 Paschalis I, pope 7, 24, 193 Metz 22, 165 Paschasius Radbertus 70 Michael I, Byzantine emperor 89 manuscripts 80 Michael III, Byzantine emperor 14, 187 Patzold, Steffen 99–102 Milan 6, 31, 38, 47, 49, 58, 60, 70, 74–5, Paul I, patriarch of Aquileia 235 136, 149, 203, 214, 265, 269, 271–3 Paul the Deacon 35, 69, 71, 253, 258–61, minuscule, Caroline 2, 19, 62 266, 268 Mitchell, John 19 Historia Langobardorum 37, 48, 68, 71, Monte Amiata 205 225–6, 235–6 Monte Cassino 11, 69, 71, 212, 214, 269 Homiliarium 67, 72 Monte Sant’ Angelo 212 Liber de episcopis Mettensibus 221, 233 Paul, saint 151 Naples 29, 120, 191, 211, 213, 216–17 Epistles of 69–70, 75 Nelson, Janet 99–100, 188–9, 192 Paulinus II, patriarch of Aquileia 73, 86–7, Nemesianus 257 230, 245, 253–8, 261, 271 Neustria (Francia) 238 Contra Felicem 67 Neustria (Italy) 36 Liber exhortationis 66 Nibelung 141 Pavia 5, 11, 27, 31, 49, 51, 58, 62, 67, 112, Nicetas, Byzantine admiral 89 116, 119, 121, 125, 127, 149, 159, Nicholas I, pope 12–13, 28, 174, 180, 194 189, 193, 203–4, 211, 214, 251–3, Life of 28, 32 260–3, 265, 269–70, 272 Nithard 152, 158, 162 bishopric of 155

Index 335

capture of 76, 137, 145–6, 251, 264 Pula 231 court of 260, 262 Purcell, Nicholas 201 Peredeo, bishop of Lucca 140 Peter I, bishop of Arezzo 156 Quintilian 269 Peter III, bishop of Arezzo 116–17, 129–31 Ambrosian 269–70 Peter of Pisa 66, 69, 252–3, 258–9, 261, 263, 266, 268 Radelchis, prince of Benevento 11, 30, 175, Peter, brother of pope John X 196 179 Peter, saint 234–5, 237 Raetia 60 relics of 238 Ratchis, king of the Lombards 85 Petronax, duke 196 Rather, bishop of Verona 69, 80, 265 Philastrus, bishop of Brescia, saint 216 Ratold, bishop of Verona 60, 162, 204, 224 Photius, patriarch of Constantinople 14, Ravenna 4–5, 34, 45, 51, 63, 124, 130, 166, 187, 194 185–97, 202, 206–7, 214 Piacenza 59, 62, 92, 120, 144, 204 exarchate of 5, 54, 90, 185, 187–9, 192, Pierpaolo, Mario 187 195, 197, 207 Pippin I, king of Aquitaine 8, 24–5, 148, pact of 85, 90–1 158 see of 193, 195–6 Pippin II, king of Aquitaine 9, 26 Regino, abbot of Prüm 52 Pippin III, king of the Franks 20, 38, 54, regnum Italiae 9, 23, 32, 35, 37, 42–4, 49, 187, 238 52, 54, 61–2, 125, 189, 194, 196, 201, Pippin the Hunchback, son of Charlemagne 204, 216, 264, 271 5, 157, 161 regnum Italicum 45, 49, 51–3 Pippin, king of Italy 1, 3, 6, 11, 23, 33, regnum Langobardorum 3, 5, 20, 22–3, 35–7, 40–2, 47, 49, 56, 69, 73, 86, 88–9, 92, 43, 45, 51–2, 102, 104, 108, 114, 135, 105–6, 109, 141–6, 149, 152, 161, 137–8, 141–2, 145, 172, 180, 203, 169, 189, 192, 216, 223–4, 228, 248–9, 251, 253, 264 265–6, 268 Reichenau 60, 72, 75, 224, 228–9 baptism and renaming of 5, 136, 138 library of 70 capitularies of 107–8 Reims 24, 74–5, 78, 80 coronation of 23, 136–7 Remigius of Auxerre 71, 75 co-rulership with Charlemagne 5, 39, 56, manuscripts 80 104, 135–9, 143–5, 147 Remiremont 155–6 court of 69, 143, 152, 268 rex Italiae 42, 44 De Pippini regis victoria Avarica 69, 161, rex Langobardorum 5, 11, 27, 32, 36, 42, 223, 266, 273 44–5, 47, 49, 52, 56–7, 136–9, 142–3, death of 4, 6, 24, 42, 56, 137, 142–4, 161 172–4 Pippini capitulare Italicum 106 Reynolds, Susan 94–8, 100–3 Pippini capitulare Papiense 107–8 Rhine 200 title of 42, 136 Middle Rhine Valley 224, 228 Pisa 142 Rhythmus de synodo Ticinensi 261 Pliny the Elder 66 Richildis, wife of Charles the Bald 174 Po, river 41, 75 Rieti 120, 208 Valley 2, 5, 21, 49–50, 59, 92–3, 119, 167 Rivoalto 232–3 Pohl, Walter 34 Rižana, plea of 85, 88–9, 206 Poly, Jean-Pierre 101 Rodulfus, abbot of St Bertin, St Vaast and Pomposa 192, 205 Cysoing, son of Eberhard of Friuli 70, Priscian 253, 262 81 Provence 26, 156, 159 Romagna 51, 190, 197 Prudentius, bishop of Troyes 168, 173, 176 Romans 10, 12, 27–8, 32, 34, 45, 53, 165, Pseudo-Dionysius 198 169, 172–3, 179 Pseudo-Hegesippus 65 Romanus, archbishop of Ravenna 195–6 Pseudo-Isidore, decretals of 74 Rome 4–5, 7, 11–13, 23–4, 27–8, 34, 42, Pseudo-Liutprand 168, 171–3 45, 47, 58, 69, 71, 116–17, 120, 127, Pseudo-Quintilian 269 130, 136, 138, 156, 164, 166, 172,

336 Index

176, 179, 186, 195, 197–8, 202–3, St Denis 67, 238, 263–4 207–11, 216, 218, 222, 237 St Gall 228 Rotcaud 22 library of 70, 75 Rotchild 92, 138, 141 St Martin of Tours 60 Rothad, bishop of Soissons 29 Statius 267 Rothari, king of the Lombards Stephen II, pope 169 laws of 38 Stephen IV, pope 24, 32 Rotruda, daughter of Lothar I 25, 193 Life of 24 Rudolf II of Upper Burgundy, king of Stephen of Novara 69 Burgundy and Italy 16 Suppo I, count 57 Rusticus, martyr 227, 229, 248 Suppo II, count of Parma 167 Passio et translatio sanctorum Firmi et Supponids 13, 119, 122, 124–6, 129, 157, Rustici See Firmus, martyr: Passio et 167 translatio sanctorum Firmi et Rustici Syrus, bishop of Pavia, saint 216

Salerno 14, 29–30, 175, 179, 211–12, 214 Tabacco, Giovanni 102 chronicle of 20, 54 Taranto 14, 29, 177 Sallust 267 Tassilo III, duke of Bavaria 220 San Salvatore in Brescia 57, 155, 159, 224, Terence 267, 269, 273 239 Tertullus 259 San Vincenzo al Volturno 11, 54, 212 Thegan 151, 158 Saracens 10–11, 13, 27–9, 33, 48, 55, 57, Theoderic, king of the Ostrogoths 34, 109, 112, 150, 155, 159, 175, 177, 224–5, 250, 265 179–80, 194–5, 211, 252 Theophilus, Byzantine emperor 10, 187 attack on Rome (846) 11, 27, 156, 158, Theutberga, wife of Lothar II 13, 29, 31 174, 179–80 Tiberius, oeconomus of Grado 231 Saul, biblical king 151 Tibullus 259, 267–8 Sawdan, emir of Bari 13, 30, Tortona 224 194 Toto, duke of Nepi 209 Sedulius Scottus 243, 270 Tradonico, Pietro, duke of Venice 90–1 De rectoribus christianis 148, 152 Treviso 88, 90, 144–6, 214 Seligenstadt 238 Trieste 228 Sergius II, pope 10, 28, 45, 164, 168–70, Turin 67 172–3, 175, 177, 179, 239 Tuscany 21, 36, 40–2, 51–2, 59, 68, 117, Life of 27, 32, 34 119, 130–1, 137, 139–43, 193, 197, Severus, saint 193 209 Sicard, prince of Benevento 11, 175, 217 Sicily 10, 177 Unroch, son of Eberhard of Friuli 241 Sico, prince of Benevento 212, 217 Unroch, Supponid 126 Siconulf, prince of Salerno 11, 27, 30, 34, Urso, bishop of Naples 217 175–6, 178–9 Siena 124 Varsi 62, 144 bishopric of 124 Venantius Fortunatus 260–1, 263 Sigebert I, king of Austrasia 261 Venerius, patriarch of Grado 231–2, 237 Siguald, patriarch of Aquileia Veneto 85, 90, 143–6 231 Venice 3, 6, 88–90, 93, 144, 187, 189–92, Silius Italicus 257 202, 206, 233 Slavs 24–5, 55, 85, 87 lagoons of 42, 223, 232–3 Smaragdus, abbot of St Mihiel 70, 76 Vercelli 71–3, 75 manuscripts 81 Verdun, Treaty of 9, 27, 57–9, 76, 154, Spain 8, 59, 175 164–5 Spoleto 5, 10, 21, 36, 41, 51–3, 59, 86, 124, Verona 15, 66, 69, 72, 75, 87, 143–6, 152, 126–7, 166, 176, 195–6, 207–8, 211 198, 224–30, 237, 247–8, 266 St Arnulf in Metz 165 Versus de Verona 198, 228, 265 St Bartholomew in Pistoia 141 Virgil 257, 260, 262

Index 337

Vocino, Giorgia 216, 236 Waltbert, Saxon pilgrim Vuldo 166 157 Vulgunda, relative of Wibod of Parma 123, Wibod, bishop of Parma 120, 122–7, 196 131–2, 196 Vuolo, Antonio 217 Wickham, Chris 201, 210 Wifred, count of Piacenza Wala, abbot of Corbie, cousin of 166, 167 Charlemagne 7, 9, 162 Witt, Ronald 250–1 Waldo, abbot of Reichenau and St Denis, bishop of Pavia and Basel 60, 73, 138 Zeno, saint, bishop of Verona 216, 229 Waldrada, concubine of Lothar II 13 Life of 226–9, 265