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The Maban Languages and Their Place Within Nilo-Saharan
The Maban languages and their place within Nilo-Saharan DRAFT CIRCUALTED FOR DISCUSSION NOT TO BE QUOTED WITHOUT PERMISSION Roger Blench McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research University of Cambridge Department of History, University of Jos Kay Williamson Educational Foundation 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/ Ans (00-44)-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7847-495590 E-mail [email protected] http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm This version: Cambridge, 10 January, 2021 The Maban languages Roger Blench Draft for comment TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS.........................................................................................................................................i ACRONYMS AND CONVENTIONS...................................................................................................................ii 1. Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................3 2. The Maban languages .........................................................................................................................................3 2.1 Documented languages................................................................................................................................3 2.2 Locations .....................................................................................................................................................5 2.3 Existing literature -
Sudan - Researched and Compiled by the Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland on 25 June 2010
Sudan - Researched and compiled by the Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland on 25 June 2010 Information on the treatment of those who are members or are perceived to be members of the Tunjer ethnic group by the government and/or society. Whether they are being discriminated against by the government, or by other groups in Sudan. NGOs working with and supporting these minority groups. There were limited references to the Tunjer ethnic group of Sudan among the sources available to the RDC. The only reference to be found among the sources within time constraints is a January 2009 document from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, under the heading ‘Background and context’, which states: “The incident at Kalma IDP camp should be analysed in the context of the long-standing tension between the residents of the camp and the Government of Sudan regarding control of the camp. South Darfur governmental authorities have frequently asserted that there is a presence of political, criminal and armed movement elements within the camp. Kalma camp was established in February 2004. As one of the largest camps in Darfur, the total population of Kalma camp is estimated at approximately 80,000 individuals: the majority being from the Fur, followed by the Dajo, Zaghawa Massalit, Birgit and Tunjer tribes. The camp is one to two kilometres’ long and extends seven kilometres’ along the railway track from east to west.” (UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (23 January 2009) Eleventh periodic report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the situation of human rights in the Sudan Killing and injuring of civilians on 25 August 2008 by government security forces: Kalma IDP camp, South Darfur, Sudan, p.3) No further information could be found on the Tunjer. -
Appendix 1 Vernacular Names
Appendix 1 Vernacular Names The vernacular names listed below have been collected from the literature. Few have phonetic spellings. Spelling is not helped by the difficulties of transcribing unwritten languages into European syllables and Roman script. Some languages have several names for the same species. Further complications arise from the various dialects and corruptions within a language, and use of names borrowed from other languages. Where the people are bilingual the person recording the name may fail to check which language it comes from. For example, in northern Sahel where Arabic is the lingua franca, the recorded names, supposedly Arabic, include a number from local languages. Sometimes the same name may be used for several species. For example, kiri is the Susu name for both Adansonia digitata and Drypetes afzelii. There is nothing unusual about such complications. For example, Grigson (1955) cites 52 English synonyms for the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) in the British Isles, and also mentions several examples of the same vernacular name applying to different species. Even Theophrastus in c. 300 BC complained that there were three plants called strykhnos, which were edible, soporific or hallucinogenic (Hort 1916). Languages and history are linked and it is hoped that understanding how lan- guages spread will lead to the discovery of the historical origins of some of the vernacular names for the baobab. The classification followed here is that of Gordon (2005) updated and edited by Blench (2005, personal communication). Alternative family names are shown in square brackets, dialects in parenthesis. Superscript Arabic numbers refer to references to the vernacular names; Roman numbers refer to further information in Section 4. -
Peacew Rks [ Traditional Authorities’ Peacemaking Role in Darfur
TUBIANA, TANNER, AND ABDUL-JALIL TUBIANA, TANNER, [PEACEW RKS [ TRADITIONAL AUTHORITIES’ PEACEMAKING ROLE IN DARFUR TRADITIONAL AUTHORITIES’ PEACEMAKING ROLE IN DARFUR Jérôme Tubiana Victor Tanner Musa Adam Abdul-Jalil ABOUT THE REPORT The violence that has raged in Darfur for a decade is both a crisis of governance and a problem of law and order. As broader peace efforts have faltered, interest has increased in the capacity of local communities in Darfur to regulate conflict in their midst. All hope that traditional leaders, working within the framework of traditional justice, can be more successful in restoring some semblance of normalcy and security to Darfur. This report outlines the background to the conflict and the challenges in resolving it. ABOUT THE AUTHORS Victor Tanner has worked with war-affected populations in Africa, the Middle East, and the Balkans, both as an aid worker and a researcher, for more than twenty years. He first lived and worked in Darfur in 1988. Since 2002, he has conducted field research on local social and politi- cal dynamics in the Darfur conflict, visiting many parts of Darfur and eastern Chad as well. He speaks Sudanese Arabic. Jérôme Tubiana is an independent researcher specializing in Darfur, Sudan, and Chad, where he has worked as a consultant for various humanitarian organizations and research institutions, International The royal swords of the malik Ali Mohamedein Crisis Group, the Small Arms Survey, USIP, USAID, and of Am Boru, damaged by the Janjawid. AU-UN institutions. He is the author or coauthor of vari- ous articles, studies, and books, notably Chroniques du Darfour (2010). -
In Muslim Sudan
Downloaded from Nile Basin Research Programme www.nile.uib.no through Bergen Open Research Archive http://bora.uib.no Trade and Wadis System(s) in Muslim Sudan Intisar Soghayroun Elzein Soghayroun FOUNTAIN PUBLISHERS Kampala Fountain Publishers P. O. Box 488 Kampala - Uganda E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Website: www.fountainpublishers.co.ug © Intisar Soghayroun Elzein Soghayroun 2010 First published 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-9970-25-005-9 Dedication This book is dedicated to my father: Soghayroun Elzein Soghayroun, with a tremendous debt of gratitude. iii Contents Dedication..................................................................................................... iiv List.of .Maps..................................................................................................vi List.of .plates..................................................................................................vii Preface.......................................................................................................... viii Acknowledgement.........................................................................................xiii 1 The Land, its People and History ...................................... 1 The Physiographic Features of the Country ......................................1 -
African HISTORY and CULTURE
Encyclopedia of africaN HISTORY and CULTURE Encyclopedia of african history and culture Volume Ii African kingdoms (500 to 1500) Willie F. Page, Editor Revised edition by R. Hunt Davis, Jr., Editor A Learning Source Book Encyclopedia of African History and Culture, Copyright © 2005, 2001 by The Learning Source, Ltd. A Learning Source Book Editorial: Brian Ableman, Edward C. Haggerty, Bertram Knight, Christopher Roberts, Bodine Schwerin (revised edition), Ismail Soyugenc (revised edition), Anthony Yearwood Consultant: Emilyn Brown All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Page, Willie F., 1929– Encyclopedia of African history and culture / edited by Willie F. Page; revised edition edited by R. Hunt Davis, Jr.—Rev. ed. p. cm. “A Learning Source Book.” Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-5199-2 ((set ISBN) hardcover) ISBN 0-8160-5269-7 (vol. I)–ISBN 0-8160-5270-0 (vol. II)– ISBN 0-8160-5271-9 (vol. III)–ISBN 0-8160-5200-X (vol. IV)– ISBN 0-8160-5201-8 (vol. V) –ISBN 978-1-4381-2917-4 (e-book) 1. Africa—Encyclopedias. I. Davis, R. Hunt. II. Title. DT3.P27 2005 960'.03-—dc22 2004022929 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quanti- ties for businesses, associations, institutions or sales promotions. -
There Are Plenty of Jewish Roots in Africa I
There are plenty of Jewish Roots in Africa I A few webs that consider the Igbos & other Africans & Blacks as Israelites: http://raybash.blogspot.com, http://www.hebrewigbo.com, http://www.abrahamsdescendants.com, http://www.africaresource.com, http://www.igbohebrew.com, http://www.blackjews.org/ http://www.yahspeople.com Although there was much sympathy in Europe and elsewhere, only five countries (Tanzania, Gabon, Côte d'Ivoire, Zambia and Haiti) officially recognised the new republic. These are important west African cities that had Jewish influence: aGaDez (GaD), KaNo (CaNaan) ibaDaN (DaN)...not to talk about the Senegalese JuDdala which is clearly related to JuDah. There are many African ethnic groups with interesting pre-Christian beliefs, many of them being monotheistic. Some have pre-Christian beliefs in a great flood like Noah's. The Baoule are aKaN (CaNaan) & believe in one god called Nyamien, similar to Yaweh as several scholars pointe before. The name Akan might come from Canaan, their land of origin. It's considered that Igboland had a very ancient civilization. Ebri is an Ibo or neighborly tribe's last name strikingly similar to Ibri, Hebrew in Hebrew. Abiriba, an Igbo village, might have the same root. The Balanta Council of Elders takes all important decisions. That the Balanta have a Council of Elders (including the importance given to this council) & that they have "sacred woods" resemble the ancient Israelites. The KaDaru are 10000 thousand people. Are they GaDites? The Ivorian department of Rubino may have taken its name from the tribe of Reuben. Other interesting toponyms are Lakota, like the Amerindian land in the USA & SiKensi, that bears the consonants of iSaaC. -
State History and Contemporary Conflict: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
State History and Contemporary Conflict: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa Emilio Depetris-Chauvin - Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile LSE-Stanford-Universidad de los Andes Conference on Long-Run Development in Latin America, London School of Economics and Political Science, 16-17 May 2018 STATE HISTORY AND CONTEMPORARY CONFLICT: EVIDENCE FROM SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA* Emilio Depetris-Chauvin† Abstract I examine empirically the role of historical political centralization on the likelihood of con- temporary civil conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa. I combine a wide variety of historical sources to construct an original measure of long-run exposure to statehood at the sub-national level. I then exploit variation in this new measure along with geo-referenced conflict data to document a robust negative relationship between long-run exposure to statehood and contemporary conflict. From a variety of identification strategies, I provide evidence suggesting that the relationship is causal. I argue that regions with long histories of statehood are better equipped with mechanisms to establish and preserve order. I provide two pieces of evidence consistent with this hypothesis. First, regions with relatively long historical exposure to statehood are less prone to experience conflict when hit by a negative economic shock. Second, exploiting contemporary individual-level survey data, I show that within-country long historical statehood experience is linked to people’s positive attitudes toward state institutions and traditional leaders. JEL Code: D74, N47, -
Sudan: Country Report Country Report on Darfur
Cov er ima ge - seve nMa ps7/ Shut terst ock. com Sudan: Country Report Country Report on Darfur January 2019 (COI between 1 September 2017 and 2 December 2018) Commissioned by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Division of International Protection. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the authors. © Asylum Research Centre, 2019 ARC publications are covered by the Creative Commons License allowing for limited use of ARC publications provided the work is properly credited to ARC, it is for non-commercial use and it is not used for derivative works. ARC does not hold the copyright to the content of third party material included in this report. Reproduction or any use of the images/maps/infographics included in this report is prohibited and permission must be sought directly from the copyright holder(s). Please direct any comments to [email protected] Cover photo: © sevenMaps7/shutterstock.com 2 Table of Contents Explanatory Note .................................................................................................................................... 6 Sources and databases consulted ........................................................................................................... 8 List of Acronyms .................................................................................................................................... 12 1. Security situation in Darfur since Sept 2017 .............................................................................. -
Republic of the Sudan ﺟﻣﮫورﻳﺔ اﻟﺳودان Jumhūriyyat As-Sūdān (Arabic)
Coor din ates: 1 5 °N 03 2 °E Sudan T he Sudan or Sudan (US: /suˈdæn/ ( listen), UK: /suˈdɑːn [9][10] Republic of the Sudan as-Sūdān), also known as اﻟﺴﻮدان :dæn/; Arabicˈ- , ﺟﻣﮫورﻳﺔ اﻟﺳودان North Sudan since South Sudan's independence and (Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān (Arabic ﺟﻤﮭﻮرﯾﺔ :officially the Republic of the Sudan[11] (Arabic Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast اﻟﺴﻮدان Africa. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. It houses 37 million Flag [12] people (2017 ) and occupies a total area of 1.861.484 Emblem square kilometres (7 18.7 22 square miles), making it the (Arabic) اﻟﻧﺻر ﻟﻧﺎ :Motto third largest country in Africa.[13] Sudan's predominant "An-Naṣr lanā" [14] religion is Islam, and its official languages are Arabic and "Victory is ours" English. The capital is Khartoum, located at the confluence Anthem: of the Blue and White Nile. ﻧﺣن ﺟﻧد ﷲ، ﺟﻧد اﻟوطن Naḥnu Jund Allah, Jund Al- The history of Sudan goes back to the Pharaonic period, waṭan (transliteration) witnessing the kingdom of Kerma (c. 2500 BC-1500 BC), the We are the Soldiers of God, the Soldiers of the subsequent rule of the Egyptian New Kingdom (c. 1500 BC- Nation 107 0 BC) and the rise of the kingdom of Kush (c. 7 85 BC- 0:00 MENU 350 AD), which would in turn control Egypt itself for nearly a century. -
History of Islamic Empire in Urdu Pdf
History of islamic empire in urdu pdf Continue This article lists successive Muslim countries and dynasties from the rise of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad and early Muslim horses that began in 622 PO and continue to this day. The history of Muslim countries The early Muslim wars began in the life of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. In addition to the work of southern Europe and the Indian sub-corner, his successors hit the great sheep of the Middle East and North Africa. In the decades after his death, the caliphate, founded by his oldest successors, known as the Rashidun Caliphate, inherits the Umayyad caliphate and later the Abbasid caliphate. While the caliphate gradually broke and fell, other Muslim dynasties rose; Some of these dynasties have been overgroced into Islamic empires, with some of the most notable being the Safavid dynasty, the Ottoman Empire and the Mughal Empire. Regional Empires Iran Shah Ismail I, Founder of Safavid Dynasty Qarinvand Dynasty (550-1110) Paduspanid (655-1598) Justanids (791-1004) Dulafid dynasty (800-898, Jibal) Samanid Empire (819-999) Tahirid Dynasty (821-873) Saffarid Dynasty (861-1003) Shirvanshah (861-1538) Alavid Dynasty (864-928) Sajid Dynasty (889-929) Ma'danids (890-1110, Makran) Aishanids (912-961) Husaynid Dynasty (914-929) Ziyarid Dynasty (928-43) Banu Ilyas (932-968) Buyid Dynasty (934-10) 62) Rawadid Dynasty (955-1071) , Tabriz) Hasanwayhid (959-1015) Annazidi (990-1180; Iran, Iraq) Ma'munid dynasty (995-1017) Kakuyid (1008-1141) Great Seljuq Empire (1029-1194) Nasrid dynasty (Sistan) (1029-1225) -
Ebook Download Sudan the Failure and Division of an African State
SUDAN THE FAILURE AND DIVISION OF AN AFRICAN STATE 2ND EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Richard Cockett | 9780300215311 | | | | | Sudan The Failure and Division of an African State 2nd edition PDF Book Two small kingdoms arose in the southern regions, the Shilluk Kingdom of , and Taqali of , near modern-day South Sudan , but both northern and southern regions were soon seized by Muhammad Ali of Egypt during the s. Since its independence in , the history of Sudan has been plagued by internal conflict, viz. Trade and the Spread of Islam in Africa. This isan excellent introduction to Modern Sudanese politics. Jan 29, Mohamed Hassan rated it it was amazing. The United States was among the first foreign powers to recognize the new state. The kandake or queen mother's role in the selection process was crucial to a smooth succession. I guess the 1st step we can hope for is understanding. This further promoted the mechanized export agriculture sector. Al-Bashir announced that he accepted the result, but violence soon erupted in the disputed region of Abyei , claimed by both the North and the South. Taking advantage of conditions resulting from Ottoman-Egyptian exploitation and maladministration, the Mahdi led a nationalist revolt culminating in the fall of Khartoum on 26 January Please ensure you're using that browser before attempting to purchase. On April 2, eight unions called for mobilization and a "general political strike until the abolition of the current regime". When Egyptian influence declined or succumbed to foreign domination, the Kushite elite regarded themselves as central powers and believed themselves as idols of Egyptian culture and religion.