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Ethnic Heterostereotypes in Paremies About Language and ‎Proverbs Of Ethnic Heterostereotypes in Paremies about Language and Proverbs of Tatar Damir Haydarovic Husnutdinov1a, Ramilya Kamilovna Sagdieva2a, Ramil Hamitovich Mirzagitov3a, Salima Oralhanovna Simbayeva4b Abstract ARTICLE HISTORY: In the current study, we are trying to talk about stereotypes of perceptions of two peoples historically connected with Received September 2020 Received in Revised form November 2020 each other - Russians and Tatars. An attempt was made to Accepted December 2020 restore at least part of the mosaic composed of history from Available online January 2021 these mutual images. For this exciting topic, proverbs representing a kind of paremia served as factual material. In proverbs and sayings of the Russian people, one can observe stereotypes about the Tatars. Proverbs are interesting in that, with the help of these units, you can explore the cultural and psychological aspects of the people. The primary research KEYWORDS: method was descriptive-analytical with its main components: observation, generalization, and interpretation. For a Stereotypes comprehensive analysis of the linguistic features of speech, Heterostereotypes a comparative historical method was also utilized, which Paremia allows you to identify some trends in the development of Proverb the national literary language. During the study, Tatar language comparative-typological and statistical methods were also applied. © 2021 IJSCL. All rights reserved. 1 Associate Professor, Email: [email protected] (Corresponding Author) Tel: +7-890-46646819 2 Associate Professor, Email: [email protected] 3 Associate Professor, Email: [email protected] 4 Associate Professor, Email: [email protected] a Kazan Federal University, Russia b Turan-Astana University, Russia 38 Ethnic Heterostereotypes in Paremies about Language and Proverbs of Tatar 1. Introduction 2) It is interesting for studying reliable installations that are preserved and developed istorical chronicles, annals, folklore, regardless of the prevailing historical and especially proverbs and sayings phenomena. These settings do not lose their H most clearly reflect mutual sympathies, relevance for a long time and allow you to claims, and rejections (Kurbaniyazov, 2020). create a picture of the representation of one Oral folklore is the most authoritative source person by another. for the reconstruction of the national, linguistic picture of the world in its everyday-naive It should be noted that in the research process, aspect of existence. Paremias carry moral one should abandon stereotypical thinking and values and represent the internal sources of the create a single and unchanging image of one culture of society, gleaned from historical person in the eyes of another. Historical experience, recreating the national social phenomena and processes contributed to the psychology of the people. Assessing the alternate change of this image, and the enemy paremia of the Russian language, Gorky could become a good ally at a particular (1995, p. 150) wrote that “in the simplicity of historical stage. a word, wisdom itself, proverbs and songs are always short, and mind, feelings are put into In proverbs and sayings of the Russian people, whole books in them”. The term “folklore” one can observe stereotypes about the Tatars. (traditional knowledge of the common people) In the 13th century, Russian scribes and has a double meaning: 1. it signifies a body of chroniclers studied the etymology of Tatar material (stories, songs, beliefs), and 2. it names (Yusupova & Kuzmina, 2015). If you indicates a separate science closely allied with open the Lavrentievsky Chronicle, then on the literature and history. William John Thoms first pages, you can see the story of the battle coined the term in 1846 as a good substitute on Kalka, which describes the enemy. for popular antiquities and a rough equivalent Previously, all events and images came down for Volkskunde (from German, a study of the to a biblical theme, and from this story, you people with a common culture, language, and can see that the chronicler tried to try on a ancestry) (Thoms, 1846). biblical image on previously unknown people (Ibragimova & Tarasova, 2013). As a rule, As a humanistic discipline, folklore referred to chroniclers in this respect gave names to other the purity of rustic life and oral tradition people, and these names were among the sons preserved in self-contained rural communities of Noah. As far as the Tatars are concerned, outside the reach of modern developments they were called “Israelis”, which can be (Bronner, 2010). The nostalgic images from a interpreted as “unclean people” (Barras & deep-rooted folk culture of the Old World Greub, 2014). became a cornerstone for the national consciousness and cultural heritage of many The Tatars in the 13th-14th centuries were the established nation-states during the 19th and “scourge of God” for the Russian 20th centuries (Blank, 2018). One of the most consciousness. The moment of punishment for exciting topics to study is proverbs, which are sins, in which the Tatars are an instrument of a kind of paremia. Proverbs are interesting in God's punishment, removes the perception of that, with the help of these units, you can the Tatars as an adversary and invader. explore the cultural and psychological aspects Hostility to them is much lower than it was of the people (Husnutdinov, Akalin, later. Perhaps this is due to the fact that the Giniyatullina, & Sagdieva, 2017; Husnutdinov, Russians were faced with pagans. Until the Sagdieva, Mirzagitov, & Abikenov, 2019; 14th century, among the Russian clergy, there KhafizovaRoza, NurievaFanuza, NasilovDmitriy, was hope for the success of the mission among & GaynullinaGulnaz, 2017). Proverbs are the Tatars. engaging in the following aspects: The adoption of the Horde of Islam 1) A particular semantic structure that allows dramatically increased the confrontation. The you to incorporate culturally significant enmity extended to the sphere of religion: information transmitted from generation to reconciling Islam with Christianity was then a generation. utopia (Owusu-Ansah, 2014). D. H. Husnutdinov et al./ International Journal of Society, Culture & Language, 8(3), 2020 ISSN 2329-2210 39 In the 15th-16th centuries, the rejection of the a foreign culture. Openness became the main struggle against the Tatars began to be feature of the Russian people during the reign perceived as an unworthy act and the behavior of Peter I. This period was characterized by of historical persons - heroes of the chronicles the introduction of European and other - was “revised and edited”. In the Russian elements, and Russian culture was a symbiosis consciousness of these centuries, the Tatars are of Slavic, Finno-Ugric, Germanic, North assessed as unreasonable, destructive, faceless, Caucasian, and Turkic components. Russian uncultured elements. Particularly emphasized society saw all the positive aspects of such a is their cunning and desire to change the synthesis and showed openness to everything lifestyle of conquered peoples. Traces of the new. Russian culture has also been enriched as Russian-Tatar synthesis, the duality of the a result of interaction with other peoples. As perception of the Tatars and their assessments far as the Tatars are concerned, they can be found in the monuments of the introduced into the life of the Russian people literature of the 16th-17th centuries. This line such concepts as a system of statehood, boots, will continue to this day (Maitra, 2017). the Russian troika, the Russian hat, the whip, and abusive words. It should be noted that According to Alvarez Veinguer and Davis’s throughout the history of Russia, foreigners (2007) study in the first half of the 16th have successfully integrated into the Russian century in Russian literature, even Batu was nobility. In pre-Petrine times, a quarter of the endowed with the features of a wise and nobility had Tatar roots (Dunlop, 1998). Thus, formidable king, but even in the 16th century, the third Russian Tsar Boris Godunov counted there was no national-racial confrontation his pedigree from the Tatar Murza Chet, who between the two peoples, but only political and was baptized in the 1310s. religious. 2. Theoretical Framework Relationships between the Russians and the Tatars (at the end of the 15th century) were The Tatars are a Turkic-speaking people dominated only by religious and political whose main place of residence is the Republic aspects. Proverbs of that time could serve as a of Tatarstan in the central west of the Russian source for us. However, records of Russian Federation and parts of Siberia and Central proverbs have been known only since the 17th Asia. The word Tatar was first used in the fifth century. Already in the earliest recordings, one century for nomadic Turks who settled near can find a vast number of proverbs and sayings Lake Baikal. The word Tatar is derived from related to the Tatar topic, which testifies to its ancient Chinese phrases and texts that refer to significance in the Russian consciousness. people who lived in these areas. Siberian Tatars are descendants of Altaic Turks. The The formation of friendly relations among language of these people is a mixture of Russians is based on the commonality of Turkish and Mongolian, which was later living space and the interests of the peoples adopted as a Turkic language by converting to assimilated in it. For example, the word Islam; Crimean Tatars live on the Crimean “sabantuy”, firmly embedded in Russian Peninsula in southern Ukraine. Their language vocabulary, has long ceased to be associated is different from Tatar and belongs to the only with the purely Tatar national holiday of Oghuz branch of languages. the end of the sowing campaign (Dodina, 2008). Perhaps many Tatar townspeople and villagers, if not most of them, have an informal The Russian people were distrustful of pattern of dual naming, one for the Russian- Gentiles, foreigners, but despite this, Old speaking community, and the other for family Russian society was ready for cultural contacts use. As can be seen from the conversation with and communication at the international level.
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