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The Oligarchic Democracy: the Influence of Business Groups On
42 THE OLIGARCHIC DEMOCRACY THE INFLUENCE OF BUSINESS GROUPS ON UKRAINIAN POLITICS Sławomir Matuszak NUMBER 42 WARSAW September 2012 THE OLIGARCHIC DEMOCRACY THE INFLUENCE OF BUSINESS GROUPS ON UKRAINIAN POLITICS Sławomir Matuszak © Copyright by Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich im. Marka Karpia / Centre for Eastern Studies Content EDitors Adam Eberhardt, Wojciech Konończuk EDitorS Anna Łabuszewska Katarzyna Kazimierska Translation Ilona Duchnowicz CO-operation Nicholas Furnival Graphic Design Para-buch CHARTS Wojciech Mańkowski PHOTOGRAPH ON COVER Shutterstock DTP GroupMedia Publisher Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich im. Marka Karpia Centre for Eastern Studies ul. Koszykowa 6a, Warsaw, Poland Phone + 48 /22/ 525 80 00 Fax: + 48 /22/ 525 80 40 osw.waw.pl ISBN 978-83-62936-14-4 Contents THESES /5 MAIN SEctORS OF BUSINESS ActIVITY OF THE KEY UKRAINIAN OLIGARCHS /8 INTRODUctION /9 RESERVATIONS /11 I. THE EMERGENCE OF THE OLIGARCHIC SYSTEM AND ITS FORM IN 1991–2004 /13 1. The genesis of the oligarchic system /13 2. The formation of the clans /13 3. The beginnings of a system crisis /17 4. The Orange Revolution /20 II. THE OLIGARCHS IN 2005–2010 /23 1. The orange ‘oligarchic democracy’ /25 1.1. The business circles linked to the Party of Regions /26 1.2. ‘Orange’ business /27 1.3. The others /30 2. Tymoshenko’s conflict with the RUE Group /32 3. The attempt to form a grand coalition /32 4. The presidential election of 2010 /34 III. THE OLIGARCHS AFTER VIKTOR YANUKOVYCH’S VIctORY /37 1. The key groups of influence in the state administration/37 2. ‘The family’ – an attempt at a new quality /40 3. -
The Negative Consequences of Proportional Representation in Ukraine
THE NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION IN UKRAINE SERHIJ VASYLCHENKO POLITICAL GEOGRAPHER Abstract: Ukraine has changed its electoral law numerous times. The first two elections to the parliament in 1990 and 1994 employed a single-member district majoritarian system. The Verkhovna Rada elections in 1998 and 2002 used a mixed system with single- member districts and proportional representation. The parliamentary elections in 2006 and 2007 were purely proportional representation. Finally, the elections in 2012 went back to the mixed system. This article argues that the use of proportional representation has facilitated extensive manipulation in the Ukrainian political system through the creation of “party projects” and by severing the link between parliamentarians and their constituents. fter Ukraine gained its independence in 1991, it faced an urgent need Ato reform its electoral legislation to address new political realities – most importantly, the development of a multiparty system in place of the previous one-party system that had ruled the Soviet Union. According to the existing law adopted during the Soviet era, parties other than the Communist Party of the Soviet Union had no legal basis. That law laid out a first past the post majoritarian system in which the winner had to win an absolute majority of the votes.1 The opposition national-democrat deputies in the People’s Rada group in the first years of independence supported electoral law reform Serhij Vasylchenko is an independent political geographer in Ukraine, [email protected]. 1 Law “On elections of the people’s deputies of the Ukrainian SSR” from October 27, 1987, Vedomosti Verkhnoi Rady USSR, 1989 addendum to N 45, article 626 <http://zakon4.rada. -
Verkhovna Rada Prepares for New Convocation
INSIDE:• Kyiv’s foreign policy: pro-Ukrainian or pro-Kuchma? — page 3. • Vote for the top Ukrainian stamps of 2001 — pages 11-13. • “A Ukrainian Summer” — a special 12-page insert. Published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profit association Vol. LXX HE KRAINIANNo. 18 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 5, 2002 EEKLY$1/$2 in Ukraine T U Verkhovna Rada preparesW for new convocation Chornobyl anniversary by Roman Woronowycz which the two organizations with the most seats Kyiv Press Bureau in the new Parliament have failed to find com- marked with conference mon understanding on even the most minor of KYIV – With little headway made in an effort matters. Dmytro Tabachnyk, a leading figure in to form a parliamentary majority, the Verkhovna the United Ukraine Parliamentary faction (for- at United Nations Rada undertook organizational preparations for by Andrew Nynka merly the For a United Ukraine Bloc), which has the opening session of its new convocation by claimed 165 seats in the new convocation, said UNITED NATIONS – Activists and envi- appointing a Communist as the leader of the he was not optimistic that his faction and the ronmentalists participating in an international steering committee that laid the groundwork for second largest faction, Our Ukraine, would be conference on health and the environment the first session of the Parliament. able to find common understanding to form a The vote to approve Adam Martyniuk, a for- gathered here on April 26 to mark the 16th large center-right majority. He said he thought mer second chairman in the last Parliament and anniversary of the explosion of the No. -
Ukraine's 2006 Parliamentary And
THE INTERNATIONAL REPUBLICAN INSTITUTE ADVANCING DEMOCRACY WORLDWIDE UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY AND LOCAL ELECTIONS MARCH 26, 2006 ELECTION OBSERVATION MISSION FINAL REPORT Ukraine Parliamentary and Local Elections March 26, 2006 Election Observation Mission Final Report The International Republican Institute IRIadvancing democracy worldwide The International Republican Institute 1225 Eye Street, N.W. Suite 700 Washington, D.C. 20005 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 3 I. Introduction 5 II. Pre-Election Period 7 A. Political Situation in Ukraine 2004-2006 7 B. Leading Electoral Blocs and Parties in the 2006 Elections 8 C. Campaign Period 11 III. Election Period 15 A. Pre-Election Meetings 15 B. Election Day 16 IV. Post-Election Analysis 19 V. Findings and Recommendations 21 Appendix I. IRI Preliminary Statement on the Ukrainian Elections 25 Appendix II. Election Observation Delegation Members 29 Appendix III. IRI in Ukraine 31 2006 Ukraine Parliamentary and Local Elections 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The International Republican Institute (IRI) received funding from the National Endowment for Democracy to deploy a 26- member international delegation to observe the pre-election en- vironment, voting and tabulation process for the March 26, 2006 elections in Ukraine. The March elections were Ukraine’s fourth parliamentary elec- tions since the country declared independence in 1991, as well as the fi rst conducted by the government of President Viktor Yushchenko. The 2006 elections were a test for the Yushchenko administration to conduct a free and fair election. The interna- tional community and mass media were watching to see if the new government would make use of administrative resources and other fraudulent means to secure the victory for its political bloc in the election. -
Ukraine's Party System Evolution: 1990-2017
RAZUMKOV CENTRE UKRAINE’S PARTY SYSTEM EVOLUTION: 1990-2017 The publication is supported by the Ukrainian Office of Konrad Adenauer Foundation 2017 UKRAINE`S PARTY SYSTEM EVOLUTION: 1990-2017 / Edited by Yu.Yakymenko. – Kyiv: Razumkov Сentre, 2017. – p.62 This publication presents an abridged version of the Analytical Report by the Razumkov Centre that examines the emergence and further transformation of Ukraine’s party system in 1990-2017. We have examined key drivers of change at each evolution stage, such as legislation on political parties and elections; political regime; most significant societal cleavages, nature and consequences of their influence; analysed current trends in Ukraine’s party system development. The publication will be useful for everyone interested in post-independence nation-building processes in Ukraine, development of political parties and the party system, experience of political transformations in post-Soviet countries. © Razumkov Centre, 2017 © “Zapovit Publishing House”, 2017 UKRAINE’S PARTY SYSTEM EVOLUTION: 1990-2017 olitical parties are an important institution of a democratic society, P which ensures aggregation and articulation of the interests of various social groups. Interaction among parties in their struggle for power and the exercise of political power by them form a party system. The process of party system formation in Ukraine has been going on for more than 25 years. This publication represents a shortened version of the Razumkov Centre’s report, which examines the fundamental stages of the party system formation in 1990-2017, including intra-party processes, institutional legal and socio-political conditions for their activities and inter-party relations.1 1. STUDY METHODOLOGY The Razumkov Centre’s study uses an approach that combines elements of quantitative and qualitative approaches to the analysis of party system dynamics and takes into account changes of the three following components that define party system and/or affect it. -
2004 Brigham Young University Sigma Journal of Political and International Studies
SIG __ Journal of Political and International Studies VolUlne XXII SIGMA Journal of Political and International Studies Volume XXII' Winter 2004 Brigham Young University Sigma Journal of Political and International Studies Editor-ill-Chief Jonathan Holt Assistant Editor Kirk L. Shaw Desigll Director Sarah E. Jenkins La)lollt Coordinator Allyson Rice Managing Editors Elisabeth Guyon Sarah E. Jenkins Gabriel Middleton Allyson Rice Staff Mark Champoux Andrew Dale Daniel W Evans Julie Fry Christy Holt Margo Larsen Megan Mitchell Travis S. Smith Jarod Stewart Faclll~y Advisors Darren Hawkins Linda Hunter Adams Sigma: /olll7lal of Political alld llltematiollal Stltdies is a multidisciplinary journal that serves as a publishing forum for undergraduate student papers in the fields of political science and international studies. Sigma is sponsored by BYU chapters of Pi Sigma Alpha (a political science honor society) and Sigma Iota Rho (an inter national studies honor society). For more information on these student organiza tions, please see their respective web pages at http://fhss.byu.edu/poliscilpsa.htm and http://kennedy.byu.edulsigmalindes.html. Sigma is published annually during winer semester. Papers for the Winter 2005 issue may be submitted to 745 SWKT, Provo, Utah 84602. We accept papers written on a broad range of topics related to political science and intl'fnalional shldie,. Authors should submit three identkal copies. An abstract should he included. The author's name must not appear on the pages of the paper. An accompanying information sheet will be filled out at the time of submission. Sigma also welcomes students interested in participating in our editing and publishing team. -
Basque Gender Studies
Margaret Bullen Ba s q u e Ge n d e r St u d i e s Center for Basque Studies á University of Nevada, Reno Basque Gender Studies Margaret Bullen graduated in Modern Languages (French and Spanish) from the University of Bristol (UK), in 1987; and pursued postgraduate studies at the Institute of Latin American Studies, University of Liver- pool, from where she received her Ph.D. in 1991. She is a professor at the University Studies Abroad Consortium (USAC) by agreement with the University of the Basque Country (Donostia-San-Sebastián), where she has been teaching since 1993, offering courses on Basque and Iberian Culture and Basque and Spanish Gender Studies. She also taught on the Masters program organized by the former Seminar for Women’s Studies. She works too in the Farapi Consultancy of Applied Anthropology, based in Donostia-San-Sebastián, special- izing in issues of gender, migration and diversity. Her research interests bridge the areas of the Basque Country and Peru, and focus on the themes of gender, identity, migration and socio-cultural change. Tristes Espectáculos (Sad Sights), her latest research on the con- frontation between equal rights and the defence of tradi- tion, is soon to be published by the University of the Basque Country Press. Margaret Bullen Basque Gender Studies Basque Textbooks Series Center for Basque Studies University of Nevada, Reno For Teresa del Valle, without whom Basque Gender Studies would not be what they are today This book was published with generous financial support from the Basque Government. Cover prints by Lola Sarratea. -
Dubrow Toward KSIAZKA.Indb
by Joshua Kjerulf Dubrow and Nika Palaguta (eds.) IFiS Publishers by Joshua Kjerulf Dubrow and Nika Palaguta (eds.) IFiS Publishers warsaw 2016 Projekt został sfi nansowany ze środków Narodowego Centrum Nauki przyznanych na podstawie decyzji numer DEC-2012/05/E/HS6/03556 Th is publication has been prepared under the project Kto wygrywa, a kto przegrywa w parlamentarnych wyborach. Od formalnej teorii do analiz empirycznych, fi nance by Th e National Science Centre, Contract No. UMO-2012/05/E/HS6/03556 Recenzja wydawnicza dr Michał Kotnarowski Th e monograph Towards Electoral Control In Central and Eastern Europe by Joshua Dubrow and Nika Palaguta (eds.) was reviewed by Michał Kotnarowski Projekt okładki/Cover design Andrzej Łubniewski Proofreading John Fells Copyright C by Authors and Wydawnictwo IFiS PAN ISBN 978-83-7683-123-7 IFiS PAN Publishers 00-330 Warsaw, Nowy Świat 72 Tel. (48) 22 6572897 e-mail: publish@ifi span.waw.pl www.ifi span.waw.pl Table of Contents Preface and Acknowledgements ................................................... 7 Introduction Towards Electoral Control in Central and Eastern Europe – Joshua Kjerulf Dubrow and Nika Palaguta ................................ 9 PART 1: THEORY AND CONCEPTS Chapter one Representation and Accountability: Intellectual Foundations of EAST PaC – Joshua Kjerulf Dubrow, Anna Kurowicka, Nika Palaguta, and Kazimierz M. Słomczyński ............................. 21 Chapter two Th e Electoral Market as a Mechanism of Political Inequality – Joshua Kjerulf Dubrow ............................................................. 43 PART 2: METHODOLOGY Chapter three Th e Content and Structure of EAST PaC for Ukraine, Poland, and Hungary, 1985–2014 – Joshua Kjerulf Dubrow .................... 77 Chapter four Collecting and Matching Data on the Candidates for the Ukrainian Parliament, 1990–2014 – Nataliia Pohorila .............. -
Public Opinion in Ukraine 2002
S M E T S Y S N O I ATTITUDES AND EXPECTATIONS: T C PUBLIC OPINION IN UKRAINE 2002 E L E R O F N O I T A D N U O F L A Rakesh Sharma February 2003 N O I T A N R E T N I This publication was made possible through support provided by the Bureau for Europe and Eurasia, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), under the terms of cooperative agreement No. EE-A-00-97-00034-00. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily re ect the views of USAID or IFES. Ukraine-English.indd 1 2/10/2003, 4:14 PM PUBLIC OPINION IN UKRAINE 2002 Findings from an IFES Survey Rakesh Sharma Sponsored By This Mission and report were made possible by a grant from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). This material is in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission; citation is appreciated. International Foundation for Election Systems, Washington, D.C. 20005 http://www.ifes.org Published February 2003 Attitudes and Expectations: Public Opinion in Ukraine 2002 Table of Contents I. Introduction..............................................................................................................................1 II. Executive Summary.................................................................................................................2 III. Overall Satisfaction and Economic Situation........................................................................8 Attitudes toward the Economic Situation .............................................................................................................9 -
IAEA Technical Cooperation Programme: Sixty Years and Beyond
5.35mm spine IAEA Technical Cooperation Programme: Sixty Years and Beyond — Contributing to Development Cooperation Programme: Sixty Years IAEA Technical IAEA Technical Cooperation Programme: Sixty Years and Beyond — Contributing to Development Proceedings of an International Conference Vienna, Austria 30 May–1 June 2017 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA ISBN 978–92–0–100318–8 ISSN 0074–1884 18-03281 Tanjas-Cover.indd 1 2018-05-02 12:09:38 IAEA TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROGRAMME: SIXTY YEARS AND BEYOND — CONTRIBUTING TO DEVELOPMENT The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GERMANY PALAU ALBANIA GHANA PANAMA ALGERIA GREECE PAPUA NEW GUINEA ANGOLA GUATEMALA PARAGUAY ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA GUYANA PERU ARGENTINA HAITI PHILIPPINES ARMENIA HOLY SEE POLAND AUSTRALIA HONDURAS PORTUGAL AUSTRIA HUNGARY QATAR AZERBAIJAN ICELAND REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA BAHAMAS INDIA ROMANIA BAHRAIN INDONESIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION BANGLADESH IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF RWANDA BARBADOS IRAQ SAINT VINCENT AND BELARUS IRELAND THE GRENADINES BELGIUM ISRAEL SAN MARINO BELIZE ITALY SAUDI ARABIA BENIN JAMAICA SENEGAL BOLIVIA, PLURINATIONAL JAPAN SERBIA STATE OF JORDAN SEYCHELLES BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA KAZAKHSTAN SIERRA LEONE BOTSWANA KENYA SINGAPORE BRAZIL KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SLOVAKIA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM KUWAIT SLOVENIA BULGARIA KYRGYZSTAN SOUTH AFRICA BURKINA FASO LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC SPAIN BURUNDI REPUBLIC SRI LANKA CAMBODIA LATVIA SUDAN CAMEROON LEBANON SWAZILAND CANADA LESOTHO SWEDEN CENTRAL AFRICAN LIBERIA SWITZERLAND REPUBLIC -
Coping with Chaos: Gender and Politics in a Fragmented State
Coping with Chaos Gender and Politics in a Fragmented State Alexandra Hrycak The Kuchma regime used a N the late 1980s and early 1990s, an explosion of I new forms of civic engagement brought tens of thou- divide-and-conquer approach to sands of women into public life in Ukraine. Several very promising federated women’s organizations emerged, groups and individuals uniting thousands of women into a new and vocal pub- lic that worked through the independence movement to demanding gender equality. demand path-breaking changes in state policies concern- ing families.1 During the 1990s, hundreds of new women’s organizations were established, many of which benefited from extensive foreign funding and training. Many observers were hopeful that the establishment of new women’s non-governmental organizations—par- ticularly women’s rights NGOs that worked closely with foreign women’s rights advocates—would have a strong political impact. Despite the professionalism of this wave of new women’s rights initiatives, however, women as a group were not able to build on their earlier politi- cal advances.2 Rather than forming a mobilized public capable of engaging broader networks of citizens in challenging the authoritarian political system that came into existence under President Leonid Kuchma, orga- nized women’s activism instead entered a period of de- cline and divisiveness. Disabled by internal conflicts, the women’s movement was powerless to prevent a ALEXANDRA HRYCAK is an associate professor of sociology at Reed College. This article benefited from the support of various organizations gradual reversion to the Soviet political system, which and people. -
Ukraine's 2002 Parliamentary Elections
The International Republican Institute Ukraine Election Observation Report Verkhovna Rada Elections March 31, 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ............................................................1 Election Observation Delegation Members ..........................................3 IRI Board Members ............................................................4 IRI in Ukraine ................................................................5 Election Background ...........................................................6 Recommendations ............................................................11 Election Observation Regional Findings ...........................................18 Appendix I. IRI Pre-Election Assessment Report ....................................61 Appendix II. IRI Preliminary Statement on the Ukrainian Elections .....................67 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The International Republican Institute (IRI) deployed a 15-member delegation to observe the election environment, voting and tabulation process for the March 31, 2002 parliamentary elections in Ukraine. The program was made possible by the National Endowment for Democracy. Although Ukraine also conducted local elections on the same day, IRI’s mission focused primarily on the parliamentary elections. The March elections were Ukraine’s third parliamentary elections since the country declared independence in 1991. Prior parliamentary elections were conducted in 1994 and 1998. Each parliamentary election in Ukraine has been conducted under a new election law.