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Fiore Dei Liberi: 14Th Century Master of Defence
ARMA Historical Study Guide: Fiore Dei Liberi: 14th century Master of Defence By John Clements Unarguably the most important Medieval Italian fighting treatise, the work of Fiore Dei Liberi forms a cornerstone of historical fencing studies. Like many other martial arts treatises from the Medieval and Renaissance eras, we must look analytically at the totality of the author’s teachings. In doing so we come to understand how, rather than consolidating information compartmentally, its manner of technical writing disperses it throughout. In circa 1409, a northern Italian knight and nobleman, Fiore dei Liberi, produced a systematic martial arts treatise that has come to be considered one of the most important works of its kind on close-combat skills. Methodically illustrated and pragmatically presented, his teachings reveal a sophisticated and deadly fighting craft. It is one of the most unique and important texts in the history of fencing and of our Western martial heritage. Master Fiore’s manuscript is today the primary source of study for reconstruction of Italian longsword fencing, combat grappling, and dagger fighting. It currently constitutes the earliest known Italian fencing manual and one of only two so far discovered from the era. Along with dagger and tapered longsword (spadone or spada longa), his work includes armored and unarmored grappling, poleax, mounted combat, and specialized weapons as well as unarmored spear, stick, and staff. His spear (or lance) fighting on foot is a matter of holding sword postures while thrusting or deflecting. His longsword fencing techniques include half- swording, pommel strikes, blade grabbing, disarms, trapping holds, throws, groin kicks, knee stomps, defense against multiple opponents, timed blows to push or leverage the adversary off balance, and even sword throwing. -
Martial Arts from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia for Other Uses, See Martial Arts (Disambiguation)
Martial arts From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Martial arts (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2011) Martial arts are extensive systems of codified practices and traditions of combat, practiced for a variety of reasons, including self-defense, competition, physical health and fitness, as well as mental and spiritual development. The term martial art has become heavily associated with the fighting arts of eastern Asia, but was originally used in regard to the combat systems of Europe as early as the 1550s. An English fencing manual of 1639 used the term in reference specifically to the "Science and Art" of swordplay. The term is ultimately derived from Latin, martial arts being the "Arts of Mars," the Roman god of war.[1] Some martial arts are considered 'traditional' and tied to an ethnic, cultural or religious background, while others are modern systems developed either by a founder or an association. Contents [hide] • 1 Variation and scope ○ 1.1 By technical focus ○ 1.2 By application or intent • 2 History ○ 2.1 Historical martial arts ○ 2.2 Folk styles ○ 2.3 Modern history • 3 Testing and competition ○ 3.1 Light- and medium-contact ○ 3.2 Full-contact ○ 3.3 Martial Sport • 4 Health and fitness benefits • 5 Self-defense, military and law enforcement applications • 6 Martial arts industry • 7 See also ○ 7.1 Equipment • 8 References • 9 External links [edit] Variation and scope Martial arts may be categorized along a variety of criteria, including: • Traditional or historical arts and contemporary styles of folk wrestling vs. -
Critical Review !1/!76
Guy Windsor Critical Review !1/!76 Recreating Medieval and Renaissance European combat systems: A Critical Review of Veni Vadi Vici, Mastering the Art of Arms vol 1: The Medieval Dagger, and The Duel- list’s Companion, Submitted for examination for the degree of PhD by Publication. Guy Windsor Ipswich, July 2017 !1 Guy Windsor Critical Review !2/!76 Table of Contents Introduction 3 The Primary Sources for the Submitted Works 20 Methodology 37 Results: The Submitted Works 42 Conclusion 60 Works Cited 69 !2 Guy Windsor Critical Review !3/!76 Introduction The aims of this research on historical methods of combat are threefold: historical knowl- edge for its own sake, the reconstruction of these lost combat arts, and the development of pedagogical methods by which these arts can be taught. The objectives are to develop and present working interpretations of three particular sources, Fiore dei Liberi’s Il Fior di Battaglia (1410) Philippo Vadi’s De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi (ca 1480) and Ridolfo Capo- ferro’s Gran Simulacro (1610). By “working interpretations” I mean a clear and reasonably complete training method for acquiring the necessary skills to execute these styles of swordsmanship in practice: so a technical, tactical, and pedagogical method for each style. The methodology includes transcription and translation (where necessary), close reading, tropological analysis, practical experiment, technical practice, and presentation of findings. The results include but are not limited to the three publications submitted for examination, which are: Veni Vadi Vici, published in 2012, which is a transcription, translation and commentary on De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi: this has been extensively corrected and updated, and re- submitted for a second examination after which it will be published. -
The Academy of the Sword: Illustrated Fencing Books 1500
er'he .9fcademy of the Sword ILLUSTRATED FENCING BOOKS 1500-1800 3· I ~ Or~en.Hlcht: parade vonficu.n'de unten THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART efhe !Academy #the Sword ILLUSTRATED FENCING BOOKS 1500-1800 Donald]. LaRocca THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART, NEW YORK This publication is issued in conjunction with the exhibi Black-and-white photography by Susanne Cardone tion "The Academy of the Sword: Illustrated Fencing and Paul Lachenauer of The Photograph Studio, Books, 1500-1800," held at The Metropolitan Museum of The Metropolitan Museum of Art Art, New York, fromJune 9, 1998, to fall of 1999. Printed and bound by Malloy Lithographing, Inc., This publication is made possible byJoseph A. Suarez, Esq., Ann Arbor, Michigan The Armor and Arms Club of New York, and the Grancsay Fund. Cover illustration: Anthon Friedrich Kahn, Anfangsgriinde der Fechtkunst ... (see page 18) Published by The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data John P. O'Neill, Editor in Chief LaRocca, Donald]. Barbara Cavaliere, Editor The academy of the sword: illustrated fencing Sean Flaherty, Production books 1500-1800 / Donald]. LaRocca. Design by Robert Weisberg p. cm. Exhibition heldJune 1998 through the fall of 1999 Copyright © 1998 by The Metropolitan Museum of Art, at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York ISBN 0-87099-894-3 (pbk.) 1. Fencing in art-Exhibitions. 2. Fencing Second printing 1999 Textbooks-Illustrations-Exhibitions. 3. Illustrated books-New York (State)-New York-Exhibitions. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be 4. Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y:). -
Income and Working Time of a Fencing Master in Bologna in the 15Th And
Acta Periodica Duellatorum, Scholarly Volume, Articles 153 DOI 10.1515/apd-2016-0005 Income and working time of a Fencing Master in Bologna in the 15th and early 16th century Alessandro Battistini and Niki Corradetti translated by Luca Dazi, Sala d’Arme Achille Marozzo (www.achillemarozzo.it) [email protected], [email protected] Abstract – Since ancient times, the master-at-arms profession has always been considered essential for the education of the nobility and the common citizenship, especially in the Middle Ages. Yet, we know nothing about the real standard of living of these characters. The recent discovery of documents, which report the sums earned by fencing masters to teach combat disciplines, has brought us the possibility to estimate how highly this profession was regarded, and what its actual economic value was in the Italian late Middle Ages. They also give us also a material view into the modes of operation of a sala d’arme in those times. Using different comparative methods based on the quoted currencies, primary goods and the cost of living, it was possible to analyze prices and duration of various military teachings offered by the fencing Masters in the late Middle Ages and equivalent viable activities of the time. We use three ways to calculate equivalent income levels in euros: from the silver content of the coins (bolognini, equivalent to the soldo); from purchasing power in relation to bread prices; and from equivalent wages. As a result we were able to define more accurately both the accessibility of these services for citizens and the relative value to other professions. -
USFA, 1750 East Boulder Street, Colorado Springs, CO S0909; (719) 578-4511
GEORGE SANTELLI, INC. United States Fencing Association, 1988-90 President: Michel Mamlouk EXL'<'utive Vice-President: Grorge G. Masin Vice President: Gerrie Baumgart Vice President: Paul Soter Secretary: John Higgs-Coulthard Treasurer: Elvira Orly Counsel: Frank Nagomey Official Publication of the United States Fencing Association, Inc. Dedicated to the memory of Jose R. DeCapriles, 1912-1969 Miguel A. DeCapriles, 1906-1981 CONTENTS Volume 42, Number 2 Editor: B. C. Milligan Business Manager: Laurel Clark Skillman Editorial ..............•........................................ 4 Poetry Editor: Leith Askins To The Editor ................................................... 5 Editors Emeritus: Ralph M. Goldstein, Mary T. In The Final Analysis .............................................. 8 Huddleson, Albert Axelrod. by Charles A. Selberg AMERICAN FENCING magazine (lSSN (0)2-8436) President's Corner ............................................... 9 is published quarterly by the United States Fencing by Michel Mamlouk Association, Inc. 1750 East Boulder Street, Colorado Springs, CO S0909. Subscription for non-members Foil Tactics and Tactical Drill ....................................... 10 of the U.S.F.A. is $12.00 in the U.S. and $1S.00 by Harold C. Hayes elsewhere. Single copies $3.00. Members of the U.S.F.A subscribe through their dues. Address all News Briefs ................................................... 12 correspondence concerning membership to the The Price of Pronation ........................................... 16 U.S.F.A. office in Colorado Springs, CO. Second by Rudy ~Ikmann class postage paid at Colorado Springs, CO and additional mailing offices. Technical Talks: How Does This Thing Work? ....................•...... 17 ©1991 United States Fencing Association by Joe Byrnes Editorial and advertising offices: These are cur Circuit Events: Good or Bad? ...................................... 18 rently in flux, as the editor relocated to the Balti by William ReIth more, MD, area as this issue went to press. -
FENCING: History of Fencing at the Olympic Games Reference Document
Olympic Studies Centre FENCING: History of Fencing at the Olympic Games Reference document Introduction, key stages and evolution in the number of events from this sport’s beginnings to the present time. March 2015 © Kishimoto / IOC Reference document Fencing Introduction Fencing was on the programme of the Games of the I Olympiad in Athens in 1896, and has been on the programme ever since. The different types of weapon used by men are the foil (since 1896), the sabre (since 1896) and the épée (since 1900). Women competed for the first time at the Games of the VIII Olympiad in Paris in 1924. The foil was the only weapon used by women until the 1996 Games in Atlanta, which saw the introduction of the women’s épée. The women’s sabre featured on the programme for the first time at the Games in Athens in 2004. Key stages Entry • 1894: At the Paris Congress in June, the desire was expressed to have fencing on the Olympic programme. Discussion • 1921: At the Olympic Congress held in Lausanne in June, the issue of a on including fencing event for women was addressed. The Congress decided to pass this women issue back to the International Fencing Federation. However, the general principle of women’s participation was accepted. • 1924: At the 23rd IOC Session in Paris in June and July, the IOC established a list of obligatory and optional sports. Fencing was on the former. • 1958: At the 55th IOC Session in Tokyo in May, it was decided to add a second women’s event (team foil). -
Martial Arts of the Middle Age
IQP JLS-0072 Martial Arts of the Middle Age Interactive Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the Faculty of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation by Andrew Aveyard ___________________ Jason Cardwell ___________________ Brad Davison ___________________ Daniel Haggerty ___________________ May 6, 2014 _______________________________ Professor Jeffrey L. Forgeng, Advisor 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 5 History of European Martial Arts ................................................................................................................ 10 Medieval Time Period ............................................................................................................................. 10 Environment of the Medieval Age ...................................................................................................... 10 Knightly Combat .................................................................................................................................. 12 Masters and their Manuscripts -
Fencing: the Epee Jean Joseph-Renaud,1913 Translated by P.T
Fencing: The Epee Jean Joseph-Renaud,1913 Translated by P.T. Crawley 2017 Duel of the Duke of Montmerency-Boutteville against the Count of Beuvron. Place Royale (Era of Louis XIII) The history of fencing with the epee is fairly short because this new fencing is, in regard to old swordplay, a sort of schism and reform dated to yesterday. There were perhaps epee fencers in 1885 or 1889 but one can however say that epee fencing has no more than twenty years of existence. How has this come about? Several are inspired to say, “The strongest in fencing are killed or injured in the duel” and also that “On the terrain the inexperienced are the most dangerous adversaries”. These numerous examples exert authority from these two very precise dictums. One unlikely case of trained fencers, seen as celebrities, who, unfortunately, despite their fifteen years in the salle, receive a bad blow from an ignorant adversary who pokes out in front of themselves with no importance given as to how. For a long time, these unlikely results were attributed to chance; but a moment came, always, where one begins to think that chance has perhaps too good a deal and that fencing with the foil decidedly lacks practical qualities. Certain amateurs and professors began, instead of trying, as of old, only blows to the chest, to try everywhere- since in a duel one can hit anywhere! And, instead of using a foil, they adopted the epee, then it is, not with the foil, but with the sword, a very different weapon, with which they lay on! These innovators brought about in the assault and in the duel extraordinary successes. -
Fencing Tutorial.Pdf
Fencing About the Tutorial Fencing is an active sport played in Summer Olympics. It is also known as Modern Fencing or Olympic Fencing. Fencing requires extremely high levels of agility, mental and physical strength as well as intelligence. In other words, this game is a balance between your strength and mental ability. This brief tutorial will help you knowing more about this game along with its basic rules, equipment, and techniques of playing. Audience This tutorial is meant for anyone who wants to play fencing. It is prepared keeping in mind that the reader is unaware about the basics of the game. It is a basic guide to help a beginner understand the game of fencing. Prerequisites Before proceeding with this tutorial, you are required to have a passion for fencing and an eagerness to acquire knowledge on the same. Copyright & Disclaimer Copyright 2016 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute, or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher. We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness, or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or in this tutorial, please notify us at [email protected]. -
Terms of Use Under a Creative Commons License
Terms of Use under a Creative Commons license. You are free to copy, distribute, and display this article under the following conditions: You must provide attribution to the author and the Lord Collection, and make these license terms clear to others. You may not modify the article, and you may not use it for commerical purposes. You may view the complete terms of the license below: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ To download other works in the Lord Collection, and for more information, please visit: www.umass.edu/renaissance/lord Practice for the Duel Dr. Patri J. Pugliese Academia in Artibus Desuetis Many manuals were pub- ous staff weapons. lished in Sixteenth Century Europe He then turns to on the use of arms both in war and “The Second Part in individual combat. For the most intreatinge of De- part, these manuals give detailed in- ceites and Falsing- structions on the manner of doing es of Blowes and great harm to your opponents while Thrustes.” Di Gras- contravening their attempts to harm si explains that he is you. Occasionally, however, these including this sec- Figure 3. Photograph of tip of prac- manuals will discuss activities that tion because he had tice rapier in the Victoria & Albert are part of a training regimen rather promised to do so Museum, London. than, in themselves, movements that earlier in the treatise, one would carry out in combat. These and also “to satisfie those who are greatly delighted discussions sometimes explicitly ad- to skirmish, not with pretence to hurt or overcome, dress what might better be called but rather for their exercise & pastime.”3 He explains sport fencing than actual combat. -
Camillo Agrippa's 'Trattato Di Scienzia D'armes'
Camillo Agrippa’s ‘Trattato Di Scienzia d’Armes’ Agrippa was Milanese, an architect mathematician, and engineer. Since he was not primarily a Master of Fence, nor was this his livelihood he brings us a very pragmatic and mathematical viewpoint to fencing that is very different from some others of his time. The first publication of his work, 'Trattato di Scienzia d'Armes, con Dialogo Filosofia', was published in Rome in 1553 by Antonio Blado. In the work, dedicated to Cosimo de Medici, Duke of Florence, Agrippa gives his method of swordplay via text which is explicative and clear as well as through illustrations that show both the initial stances as well as movement through an innovative use of 'stop-motion' illustrations. In the preface of his work, Agrippa describes that the science of arms consists of justice, intelligence, and practice. Every man must determine for himself if justice calls for an act of arms. Life and victory depend on an intelligent use of arms. And practice gives life to theory. Thus his theory of fence is based on simple yet effective principles, enabling the swordsman to not only defend himself, but also to live in a just and honourable manner. Agrippa was the first to advocate the four hand positions that were used by virtually every Italian master after him. These positions, when coupled with the guardia, help give an easy to use and understand nomenclature to determine exactly where the sword is in relation to the body, and the blades orientation to the opponent. The four basic hand positions of Italian fencing: Note: all hand positions are referenced to provide ease of understanding regardless of the dominant hand.