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Mr. Frederick Philipse (Pronounced “Phillips”)

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Mr. Frederick Philipse (Pronounced “Phillips”) PATRIOTS, LOYALISTS, AND REVOLUTION IN NEW YORK CITY, 1775–1776 LOYALIST FACTION Your faction role sheet follows this character role sheet. Mr. Frederick Philipse (pronounced “Phillips”) Wealthiest landowner in New York; member of the Delancey faction in the New York Assembly; 55 years old ou are a Hudson River patron, heir to an enormous estate that has been in your family since the late 1600s. You have carried the title “Lord of the Manor” over the roughly 200,000 acres in your possession since you inherited it in 1750 at the age of 30. Your Y estate includes what is now Yonkers up to Tarrytown, in Westchester County north of Manhattan. Just one half of your estate, the manor which you call Philipsburgh, is roughly twenty-​­four miles long by six miles wide. You are involved in merchant activity, buying your tenants’ produce and selling them goods, and your tenants’ rent pays for your lifestyle, which includes dabbling in the arts and trying to bring the finest of British elegance to your mansion. According to Ste- fan Bielinski’s An American Loyalist: the Ordeal of Frederick Philipse III (New York: New York State Parks and Recreation, 1976), 8: A man of refined tastes, the third Lord of the Manor was determined to make the Manor Hall a show- case of English gentility. Philipse enlarged the building, added lavish interior embellishments such as ornate woodwork and the plaster ceiling in the downstairs living room, and maintained an extremely large household which included gardeners imported from Europe to beautify the landscape. Philipse was quite interested in landscape gardening, certainly a proper pastime for a gentleman of that era. He added trees, plants, ornaments, and also a picket-​­fenced deer park which was located between the garden and the river. During the 1760s and 1770s, large landholders along the Hudson River, including your relatives to the north, have had to put down tenant riots—​­but you have not. Your hundreds of tenant farmers (by one count, 283), whose yearly rent alone (£5–10 per average farm of 150 acres) makes you a fortune, seem happy, contented, and mainly Loyalist in their politics (and will stay that way if they know what’s good for them). Your father held a seat in the Assembly from 1726 to his death in 1751; you have held that seat ever since. In the 1750s and 1760s, you rarely attended sessions and did not assume many leadership roles. You were “rotund and usually lethargic” in this period, only “incidentally interested” in politics.1 But you were a consistent supporter of the Delancey faction in the Assembly, and generally supported the Parliament and the king in their actions regarding the colonies. The current crisis has forced you out of your lethargy (but not your rotundity), to use your wealth and influence to support the Crown. You are more in control of Westchester County than ever, both politically and socially, as your tenants (fearful of being evicted into harsh economic circumstances) have lined up behind you and the Loyalist cause. It was only natural that you would build an enormous mansion in the English style, and now you want to rule your society as if you were a British lord—​­an aristocrat whose wealth, education, refinement, and breeding entitles him to rule over the lesser sort. It wasn’t really a choice for you to become a Loyalist— ​­you and your family have done quite well in the empire and see no reason to change. 1. Stefan Bielinski, An American Loyalist: The Ordeal of Frederick Philipse III (Albany: New York State Museum, 1976) 13. ROLE SHEET: Frederick Philipse, Loyalist Faction 1 OF 12 214935_RS09_Frederick_Philipse_001-012_r1_el.indd 1 20/10/15 7:34 PM PATRIOTS, LOYALISTS, AND REVOLUTION IN NEW YORK CITY, 1775–1776 You are a firm believer in hierarchy.2 At every chance, you should demand to be addressed as “Mister” or “Lord,” both within the Assembly as well as in dealings with the Crowd. If you are able to do so consistently through the game, you will achieve a secondary victory objective: continued respect. You are a Loyalist in the Provincial Congress, but what does that mean? In all of the chaos of the past ten years, you believe that Loyalists have exemplified true virtue, loyalty to their country, protec- tion of private property, and obedience to law. You believe in hierarchy, political authority, and stability for they have served you, the colonies, and the British well. You believe in the British Empire, that the British Isles and the American colonies are truly one political nation equipped with the best form of government in the world. You are unalterably opposed to any further action that might bring the wrath of the British Empire onto New York. You believe that the Bostonians have been led by a power- ​­mad conspiracy of agitators who have stirred up the people of that town into a lawless rebellion. The Boston Tea Party and the Coercive Acts that followed were the logical consequences of these agitators pander- ing to the mob; Boston should pay for the tea—​­the private property—​­that it destroyed. Finally, as long as Boston doesn’t pay for the tea and remains closed, trade that once might have passed through it will shift to other ports—​­that is, to the port in New York. This will boost the entire economy if New York doesn’t join in non-​­importation (the boycott offered by the Association), which you of course oppose. The same situation that Boston experienced seems to be developing in New York. Here too unprin- cipled political leaders have tied themselves to a mob that has provoked the British soldiers sent here to protect us, destroyed the private property of its enemies, and threatened people with hanging or tar and feathering. The Patriot leadership consists primarily of men of mean stature, nouveau riche, cleaned-​­up pirates, and work- ​­apron artisans who have no family name or connections. You must defeat them to save New York from their tyranny and that of the mob. OBJECTIVES Integrate this list of objectives with those listed on the general faction instructions for Loyalists. If there is any conflict between them, follow these specific objectives over the general ones. Your main faction objective is to control New York at the end of the game (end of 1776). 1 Elect a member of your faction Speaker of the Provincial Congress; if your candidate cannot gain a majority, make sure that a Moderate is elected Speaker. POLITICAL OBJECTIVE You personally should not run for Speaker— ​­it would require you to make deals with people beneath you. Instead, you should propose one of the other Loyalists in the Provincial Congress as a candidate. 2 Defeat or weaken the Association proposal in votes of the Provincial Congress. POLITICAL OBJECTIVE 2. Gordon Wood, The Radicalism of the American Revolution (New York: Knopf, 1992), 11–92. ROLE SHEET: Frederick Philipse, Loyalist Faction 2 OF 12 214935_RS09_Frederick_Philipse_001-012_r1_el.indd 2 20/10/15 7:34 PM PATRIOTS, LOYALISTS, AND REVOLUTION IN NEW YORK CITY, 1775–1776 3 Limit military preparedness as much as possible; support only militia training and oppose any New Yorkers being sent out of the colony for military purposes. POLITICAL OBJECTIVE 4 Support reconciliation with the British Empire and oppose all calls for independence. Rely on the British army and navy if independence is proclaimed. POLITICAL OBJECTIVE 5 Reopen the New York City courts. POLITICAL AND PERSONAL OBJECTIVE 6 Maintain deference from all members of New York society. PERSONAL OBJECTIVE At every chance, you should demand to be addressed as “Mister” or “Lord,” both within the Provincial Congress as well as in dealings with the Crowd. If you are able to do so consistently throughout the game, you will achieve a personal victory objective: continued respect and deference. To achieve this goal, you must not call any undeserving characters “Mister”; the only Patriot deserving of the title is your archenemy, Robert Livingston. You can reinforce your desire for deference by dressing formally for Game Sessions. (Try to get a periwig, one of the white powdered wigs with curls that British judges still wear. If you can’t find a wig or any other period costume pieces, try for a business suit with polished shoes instead.) You can also increase your girth with padding if you so desire. Maintaining deference throughout the game will gain you 1 to 2 bonus points, at the discretion of the Gamemaster. ASSIGNMENTS 1. First position paper: 3–5 pages; due in Game Session One. Yours is one of the first papers due, for the first Game Session, and you should be prepared to give a speech based on it. Your mission is to take apart the Patriot case that British actions in the colonies have been carried out without the consent of the colonists. To that end, you must focus first on Lockean notions of why and what kind of consent is required when it comes to taxation. Sections 119 to 122 are particularly relevant and you should refute any accusation that the king and Parliament have violated the trust placed in them regarding the preservation of property (Sections 221 and following) by taxes and other acts. To answer those accusations, turn to Jenyns on the Stamp Act (pp. 134–136 of the game book) and, at much greater length, Samuel Johnson (pp. 136–152 of the game book), and examine their respective understanding of what consent has been given. In particular, argue in favor of Parlia- mentary sovereignty over the colonies, the various ways in which colonists consent to Parliamentary law, and why the colonists don’t really want representation in Parliament anyway.
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