INTRODUCTION

Our Putnam County History Work shop" was a venture. Were there twenty persons who would do creative work? Ifa*, who were they? The response exceeded expectations. Two groups of about forty each, one in Camel and one in Cold Spring, have spent six evenings in group study and discussion.

We sought to do four things: (1) to limit aur study to before 1783 (this enabled us to sharpen our historic sense); (2) to locate historic sites and persons, and to select the nost important; (3) to become familiar with the established historic materials, and to locate new materids; and for each nember of the group (4) to relive a bit of the past, and to share it with others. The individual con- tributions have totaled more than forty.

The interest was keen, The demand for another 9vork shopn next fall vhs certain,

Those who have gone out of their way to make this "work shop" a success, and this publication a reality, include: the County Supervisors a~dYe, Paul Lun:ielius for the use of The Coun%y Building; Supervising Principal ilobert Kristeller and the Camel School fop a Class Ram, the Futnai County Hist~ricalSmiety fcr sponsoring the I Cold. Spring %crk shzp,tt the Eiutterfield Memorial Library for a @ace c.f meeting; Fresi6snt Senjdn Frazier and Mr. Lawrence Head for the shcjwing of their unusunl "Historirz Sites1' pictures and their careful docunentaticm; &kissEdith McIntyre fcr conserving our di* cussions and her typing md printing of our articles, Miss Margaret Pugsley and Mrs. Florence Donelson for a like service; Mrs. Olive Hille~yand Mr. Gecrge Heuston for illustrating articles, alsc bs, Ann hurphy fcr the Scuth Eest Chu~chillustration, and Willitt Jewell f~r assmbling this booklet, / YOU County Historian has thoroughly enjoyed working with these "mrk shop groups, and looks forward tc having each of YGu with us in nexk year1 s Itwork

Horace E. HiS-lery Patterson, &.U& Pirs. Lloyd Miss Uivs Adarae The Misses Ellen and Hattie BAlard Miss Virginia Amnptmqg &I Van Ness Ballard &s. J=~sWe BabZe;~ &, and Mrs, Henry Burtan Mr. aad Hm, Henry Basrsett W, md PZS, Fred De Wtt Mr. Raymond Mwpl EtIrs, FiLUian Gilbert Mr. Charles Brody *, mci VFS, Horace IUllery Dr, and Mrs. SBnger Brawn, U mii Pks. Edgar Hoag &s, W. S. Colwell Mr, and YES. Addisan Hopkina Mr, Selson Delanoy :%s, Josephine Horak &, and Mrs. B. de Turem Mr. Wiliett Jewell ad Dewey Mr.. end :bks, Bernard H, Goossen Mrs, James knoht&h ii-s. T~wnarKent Mrs. Charles Franklin Mr. Paui L~ndeliu~ Mrs. Herbert Frazier *. Frank Lyden Mr. mZm3.n Fder &.and Mrs. F. Lee Waltby Mrs. Alice Gsge Mr. and Mrs, Willlam H.Uer a88 Ik3?0&~Gmk Mrs. A, C. Penny Mrs. Louise GueW Mr. adMrs. Earl Robinson &, and Mrs. Charles Ha@ Mr. Ward Segur Mrs. #=am hm8ti Mr. and Mrs. Alvah Townsend Mr. and eP,George Hetxstan kgand fis, Paul Townsend Mrs. Thomas Jayck &, 20be,% Weeks Mrs. George Jiminee &s, Ho~&-ci wit8 &s, Elsie La he HPs. William HI Young Mrs. Louise Post MSS Edith McIntyre Miss R&Sn Bath jem Tbe &&&Bee 1- a34 3amicm Itsid' Mrs. Herbert Sara Mr. anct Mrs. Elij& Tontpkins Mr. and Efrs, A. J, white

- .,. 4.

CHIEF CAVOPUS by Mrs. Eva De'vVitt ,, . Vfien Hudson sailed up the river that bears his name, he found the Redmen there all the way north to Albany.

:,,I 5 is.?-y:.-!:.~ingsj=,.-, or Jest of the River Ind.ians, were nine tribes extending c .. A ,c :a,:;;lT 1.: -I -. tc Wapping6r Fells. These Indians were larger in. .. - ,.;a ,.;a .>.;~e4.-h?n o thpr Redmen. One of ihcse tribes, the Mahopacs, lived ma hold their council on Canopus Islend in L?ke Mahopac. Their chief was amcng the first to strike a blow against the Dutch in the war of 1543'. 1 Lrter Lhsse tribes showed their devotion to England's King William by -.j~hitg . the English (in 1689) in the mar between the French and Eng- 1-Ir. ms about this time that the Highlands east of the Hudson Xivor were sold to Lambard Dorlmd and Jean Seabrant by the Indians who iu ~UTAsold it to Adolph Philipse. Betacen i.75'6-1766 the lands back rrom the River were l~stby the Red- msnt and rhcy mere ejected from thsir homes. There are hosts of traditions of the happy life of the ishogacs en and crcund Csnopus Island. An old burial lot on the Griffin farm (nwr the Averill a lane) north of' Lake Mahopac is mid to contain many Indisn graves.

Ti-aditinn says Chief Canopus lost his life defending their tribal lands ag3iilr the claims of the Rhites. His grave is located on the shores of Ki~kLake.

.I ,C ! ! A -2 -... :*. 4L , i. ,-. +. T9E GR F.fi-T S!VA TAP , i'.',. * - ..:c 4,...... !ip. .{? ::*+ $5, ,. by Horace E. Hillery 6 -I*. A -..v,- 2- The Indim-Dutch treaty of 1617 said furs from "The Great Swampff (in Patterson) were most desirable. The Indian Cemctcry at the mouth of Eaviland Hollow wzs probably near the Indian wintcr trapping camp. In 1707 thc Swamp and lmd to the east was sold to Lt. Gov. N3than Gold of Conn. Possibly the swamp was trspped out. Later the Philipse family calimed and possessed tho svmmp (1760). Between 1744-1757 a clevcr gang of countcrfciters operated in the Swamp. At times rnembe1.s of the Gang were captured and imprisoned but mmnged to escape, probebly with outsidc help. Finally their ringleader rons caught and hung. He confessed to printing thouscnds of colonial counterf cit bills, mrstly Rhodc Islqnd twenty shilling notes worth about $25C each. No less thnn $4000. was passed in one d?~. He slid there were 29 in the gmg but refused to tell who they WEPC. The printing plates were never seized. A score of the early fzmilics helped round up the Gang. This was one rcsson New ark" money was dcmmded in early contracts in this arm. During the Revo- lutionary War both British 2nd Ccntinantal money was coznterfeited and had much to do with the exprtssion "not worth a oontincntnl." bf J~SSIGSC. ElsPd

If we can believe the twllfiorarr .of %he Indisns who Jived in the H*wboa River tsXleys @he first copper-colored &den to lws a white man was not Pocahontas but hanteo, daughter of the sachem of the . Instead of Smith wu have Jacobus Van Horen, one of Hemy Hudsont s sailors. MMteo had no chance to save her Jacobus like Pocahontas had saved Smith.

In 1609, Hudson anchored off every village where Indians we& friendly. By the the they reached Fishkill Hook, they left their guns on the boat and while they were gathering grapes a shower of Indiarn * arrows fell mng them injiming Jacobus'who was carried to the sachem. The chief was pleased with the present of the captive.

Give him to me, said Paanteo, Wake him uy husband. tf

Long before the sailor was able to walk, the Half Pdban was an her voyage to the Netherlands, for the sailors thought their mate was dead. The Indians treated him kindly for the sake of l%&eo whom they all loved. When he was strong, he spent much time hunting. One day he found his way to the place where he had landed from the Half Moon. While he sat on a fallen tree he prayed that he might be reunited with his family in Holland, As he fM&& a voice came from somewhere in the twilight. "The Lord will find a wayon When he returned to aamp the sachem told them they were going down the river for the winter and his marriage to Manteo would be postponed untLl. next sunmer.

Spring came agai& The chief began td talk of an early wedding, Jacobus and Manteo went often to a roaring mterfall whieh the people who live in Cold Spring Imow as Indian Falls. They sat on the bank of the stream and Jaeobus ' said loving things which he did not mean. As she told him of the wedding plans- - the big feast and the presents which visiting chiefs would bring, he was planning to eseape and saying under his breath, WThe Lord will find a way.*

A week before the return to the Fishkill .amp, Jacobus uhile hunting was startled by the sound of a gun, Anchored in a nearby stream was a ship flying the Dutch flag. He scrambled down the cliff and reached the ship just in time. The sachem was not alarmed when Jacobus did not return that night for he was of ten gone several d-. Later the chief heard of the visit of the ship and he knew that the Dutchman had gme. Wteo went into her father's wigwan and refused to be comforted. One morning she was not ta he found and the whole tribe began a search. It was several days before they found her body in the glen at the foot of Indian Falls. They carried her back to Fishkill and buried her in the Indian gravegerd, They wrapped her body in a coat which Jacobus had left behind and in the grave they placed the few trinkets which he had given her. Of the stories of fiahopac Indians that have come dovlnto us none are more tragic, none more tic than that of boyao and

The English haviry secured the ity of Ken Amsterdam becan to xtend their settlements along udson River, The Indians ngregated in large numbers about Piahopac, Knowing the tegical vdue of the Lake's islands and mayhpaa sensing its beauty, rejected all overtures for the purchase of the Lake and the land in all the surrounding. recion, They refused to abandon en any tens th's land where they and their fathers had fished, hunted, built their homes and held their cov.ncils Joliper, a member of the tribe, a half-breed, mas secretly in the pay of the English, In vain he tried ~5thall sorts of allurements to persuade Omoyao to sell out to the ~~hiX@s,At last theEnglish grew angry, Bave the land they would, They comissisned Jolibper to act for them,

This Joliper was palcus of Omoyao because he loved Vaya, the cbosen of Omoyoa. Goir~e.to the tepee of tlaya, he tried to persuade her to go wit' him the white man's settlement, On her refusal he becaw angry and threatened to kill Omoyao and lead the English a ains t tbe tribes,

Unknov:n t fl him, Omoyao had heard of the plans and dispatched rungers to all his warriors to meet him in council on their island in the lake, Jollper, suspssting that an alnm had gone forth, resolved to strike at once, Next day, stealing into the camp, he made for ?.fayatswigwam intendingto take her to safety but seeinp Omyao, shot an arrow at him, killing instead tlze gir3ts fatfler

Omoyero realizing by this time that he was outwitted and %is braves out- numberedcalled to Maya to :met him on the ialand and pl-ed into the undsrbrmsh, Joliper was behind him with his followers and Chief Omoyao was captured. It being resolved to put him to death, tied him to a tree, seC the surrounding woods on fire and left him to perish, while Joliper and his depenerates hurried to attack the warriors,

Hardly out of sight, Maya canoed and sprang upon the bank, cut ~moyoa~s bonds and with him, made for the island by a secret way, there telling the story of .Toliper*s treaso~and cruelty,

The first to land was t9is Joliper who at once surrounded by the frenzied natives, fell to the ground beleeding from a score of wounds, But Indians, overpowered, took to fl @hto Omoyao and :*aya, climbing the rocks about the Councfl quarte-8, finding that thefr retreat was cut off and no way to get away in canoes, clasped in eazh otliers arms, leaped from the hfch cliffs, preferring death. to toorture a& captivityo The Enclish claimed the land next day, L,?;:-j OF y-I "' P" ' .rpS i"T2 aairbr~&..z-,L+J

by 3rs, Lucy 9, Thits Three huztdred years ap, the territory betmeen the andConrlec t lcut was occupied by a srnall croup of the Algonquin tribe called the Kapp inrera (eastern Indians,) The section which we know as northern Kestchester and Putnan: Counties was tha home of the Kitc'hm~ongs (meaning npeople at the foot of the mountain,, Their territory extended north to the Hi~&landa of the Hudson, These Indians belonged to the 3ohican Confederaoga Vlllaces were generally located near streams or lakes, Each settlement had its chief, or Sachem, His council was composed of other Indians chosen for thei~wisdon and courage, In case of war a meetin€ of the general council was called, Perhaps the Indian Chief of long ago has a counterpart in the dictator of modern times, slnce he has such great powers in all threeof the major branches of qovernrnent f legislative, executive a& judieiai, The fndfan dwellincs were *long housesn sometfmes as large as 185 feet and 20 feet wide, The smaller bark homes were cabins 20 feet fn length, Stone caves were somtinea used as shelters, Indian furniture was very crude ., Runtfng and fishing were Important oecupations but the soil ds tilled to provide other food, These people were "cereal eaters*, Pe chief crops were maize, pumpkins, beam and toabaccoo Surplns foods were buried for winter use, so this may explain why so many of the early settlers bt~zltroot cellars, Other surplus food was dried on racks or ranoked to preserve it, Thla ama should have beena "Land of Plentyw aa game was abundant. It Is said that Indians cane over from Connecticut to fish,

The women made pottery, rugs and baskts, Clothing and moccasins mere made of skins (otter, beaver anddeer) and decorated with beed designs, Land was sold fnr such articles as coats, knives, kettles and mamptun, 3faq times the Indians reserved the richt to hunt and fish on the la~d they sold, Whenever an Ewlish or Dutch settlement was made colonists hac! to get a license before they boup&t land from the Indians, Then when an agreemnt was made the land was paid for with European manu- factured pods. Perhapa some tribes feared being conquered by other tribes and as accepted whatever the whb%e people offered as payment, We should bear fn mlnd the fact that the title to land d%d not mean tTefy much to the Indiana because either, they were the original settlers cr they had conquered the region Ln battleo They mere interested fpi the territory aimply froin the standpoint of the azount of food it furnish- ed them,

There is no indication that %he Klitchawoq~s tock part ir, the Frenab tiand Ind ian V:ars, During the Revolutieri, soae of them joined Wash ir:ftones Army. It is believed that these Indians were driven cradualiy wst- serd, The Indian names still in use are the only rernlder of tnose people who 1 ived here centuries ago, S-

RELICS ON TIE ROGEXS PLACE

by Ellen I;, Ballard a sheltered spot ahero one rolllng hill ends and another Wegins is a favorite picnic spot of some forty years ago, I76 like to think that perhaps two hundred years before then, the smoke from Indian campfires may have floated lazily upward, A few rods below this locality stands the homestead of BIard Rogers from whom the material herein has been uollectedo The Rogers home was first used as a Droverts Inn, V;e do not know where the cattle had been purchased but man$ of them may have beell brought over the frozen hdaon River during the winter season, We have seen the horns of a steer driven to our side of the river about a hundrod years ago, This procedure could weel have been carried on before the Revolutiono Ths large brick oven where the bread for the drovers was baked was in the room which is now the dfning room, The long-handled shovel for putting bread in the oven ia still in the attie of this house, It Is known ma%drovers put their cattle in an enclosed apace across the road from the house* Near the back of the Rogers horn there were f~ameworkswith arched wooden tops and it was under these that the drovers sheltered their horses at night, Unfortunately these structures wore deat~oyedda 4ng *g railroad explosion Ln 1926, Arrowheade, a Spanish coin dated 1780, a Vermont penny with date oblfterated, and a large United States penny have beer, found, The arrowheads are of white quartz, a reddish gray lava-like naterial and black flinto The concentration of these obfecta in about the same spot indicates the possibility of a lodge having been there,

On t' 8 ridge across from the Rogers place, chips of blackf lint -have been found, Thus we can reasonably imagine that this was a site for making arrows,

Ashort way above the house in the direction of the railroad is a rock with hollows and grooves, A club-like stone 1na trunent vas discovered near that place, It is believe that corn was ground by the Indfans on the rock arsd ~oundedby the stone club, I ha6 held the piece of storm 0 now roughly bEoken off-at one end, in my hand a& est1m:tte to be of the proper shape and ce-.tainly not too heavy to be used by an Indian wornan, Yes, I lifted the stone once, and I lifted it acain, but would I want to grind corn that way for hours?. I reflected upon the corrrparative ease of our Anerican women, When did the Indians use their arrows here? Kas it two, t':.ree or four hundred years ago? iiere is a challenge -- I want to knowo

WKP NOT k BI CEIJTmIfi CEXSBRATION FOR FUTNM VALLEY?, 175k-1954 by Ruth HorMn Archer

Ls a native of Put Valley, whose ancestors cam, PC not on the Playflower, but before the Revolution, I feel that Samuel F. Smith's Hhm-icafl q exemplifies my f e&ng of the township. "1 love thy racks, and rills; thy woods and templed hills. r To the early settlers present when Lot 4 of the Philipse r Petent was called Putnam Vfiley, I am sure the same would rzi have been true, had the song flhrica" been written then Y instead of in 1895.

Putnam Valley, a strip of land 5 Illfles wide by 9 miles long, was the property of Beverly and Susannah Robinson. Prior to their ownership, it was the undivided property of the heirs of , who inherited the entire patent from his uncle Ad~lphPhilipse, the original patentee, It was considered the least valuable tc'tmship in the county, The swface is rugged anc! mountainous, with two valleys, in e wish-bone shape, The valleys are separated by rugged hills; cne which foU-cws the Peekskill Hollow Brook and extends frm the present Tcmpkins Corriers to Oregon Corners, the other valley f~llc~gthe stream that has its source at the outlet of the now called Oscawana L.&e (formerly Hortonrs fc;nd) and going down thru Canopus Valley joining the Peekskin Hcll~wBrook at the present Oregon Corners.

Previous to the Revolution, several fdiessettled in Peekskill Hollow. At Tompkins Corners, Joshuz Tompldns purchased an area of bd, after the Revolution, from the Corn. of fmfeitures (In 1834, 2 acre was sold by Bartholemew Tompkins for the erec8ion of the Tompkins Corners Methodist Church. Trustees were manies Tonpkins, David Reed, and Norris Baxter, Rev. Daniel Holmes presided,) In the middle seventeen hundreds, Henry Post bought 300 acres south of the Tonspkins tract, and kmd a grist mill. On down the valley, near Bryant Hill Bcaci, was the old Travis Home stead, Titus Travis came here before the Revolution, and established a grist, cider and saw mill, He was the gramifkthr of Chadwick Travis and the ancest~rof the Canopus Valley Travises. The old Travis Burying ground is located at the junction of Bryant Hill Boaci and the Peekskill Hollow Road, l!t the top of Bryant Hill still stands a house built by Saxton Smith, grandson of the first settler, In this section were ntrmercus Bargers who erne here from Gemmy around 1780. Farther down the valley, there was a Tonpkins Tavern, near the Uoyd Estate, then the Win. Ifusenberry place, near the site of the Miles Perry farm. In Ad- Corners were the mua5.n~of an old Indian Burying Ground.

Below ndams Corners, probably the old Mallory House, lived Moses Dusenbury, undoubtedly the most prominent resident of Put. Valley. He was the first Colonel of the Miutia after Robinson, also Town Clerk cf Philipstown. Going up the Canupus Valley, over near Indian Lake, was an old Indian Village, one of the largest settlenents in this area. Coming up near the fam of the late dlan Gilbert were the famed Hempstead Huts* Two companies of men, who came from Henpstead, Lcng Island with a cietachment of troops, were encamped here in the winters of 1'7'78-1780, and the quartem 1754-1954 -2- Ruth Horton Archer they built were called the llHenipstead Huts," Many were ill and died. that winter, '62Jashingtcn established a line of nilitzry posts frcrn West Point thru Putnam VLLley tc Redding in Ccnnecticut. As we go up Caog~sHollow, we come to We O~ca~na,then knom as Hc.rkn's Pond, Joshua Ho~toncae into possession of a large track of land t.hcre in the late seventem hundreds. His heirs were so cmmsus th~ttine localfty took the nae cf Hartor, HcUow,

This brief skel;ch leads us to won6er what these early inhabitants did to earn a livelihood,

Since i'utnaz VrJlcy was krgel-y lmfavc:r&le fcr fr7mArrg3 and the need for lek!? f{:r SuZets wcs c~gerlt,C:.,lcszd. Bo,re:r'Fy Wobinson gz-r?nt:ed permission to dig an2 search fcr lninrs 35 .e~rl~~2s I.r/SIC1, .%y ai,terip'b.s werz mde b.~tthe cre con- tdned too auch silica to work wcll In the tv-ype of Turi~acesthat they had,

We found a large pxtion of tlr,e.early inhebitants trapping for furs, tmning, wcod wcrking, carpentry, czbinet &king, spinning, and weaving, black- slrdthing, and ;;raking barrel1 staves ,

The basic industxy was cf carse, farming. The system cf tillage was crude ad,wasteful. Few plows were in use, they were elmsy sac? costly, Tno or three ox teams were required to draw me to scratch the surface of an acre of gr.:unrl three inches deep ?er day, Little kmwledge w-s 'm~wnof r~tation C£ cri-,r;s.

Stcck raising was unscientific, cattle of the entire area grazed as one herd on cormon pasture.

Therc were ni? schocls, there were visiting teachers for thme who could af lor12 tnec:, es were there visiting seamstresee,

scxial life was mezgre, dependent largely on practical f oms, s~chas husk2~gbees, quilting parties, and barn raisings. Their buildirgs prior to the Bmolution were largely rciugh hewn boerds, unpainted, unheated, exce~tby firsple.ees in a 'rc~onthat served as ciining vlcl living room, kitchen, and i*? cclr'! wea%her, bedrc:,m, Tne furniture w~seither wie by han2 or brcught from Enclknd, The Etchens were alornecl at autumn by strings of apples, pumpkins, etc,, hung in festcons, frcm ceiling t:, dry for winter c~nswnption~

The taverns were the sccial centers in which travelers partook ~f meals anc: svernight acco~liadations; and local men visited to hear the activities, ad nf the progresses of the war. All items of interest, such as birth, csrriege, death, were 2osted in tzverns.

All in all, ia 1754, 200 years agc, life seemed a prclonged adventure, the survival ~f the fittest, with danger of a scrt ever near, threats of In~ans,ankils, failure of crops, war, and disease.

Dull today, isnlt it? Early Settlers of Putnam Valley

by Mar2orie Hagn

The Tam of Wnam Valley embraces the south three fo- of Lot 4 of the F'hilipse Patent, the pmperty of Beverly Robinscn through his marriage to Susmnch Philipse. Through the tomship fmm the nofiheast to the scuthwest are two cutstmding vdleys - C~-o?usHollow and Peekskill Hollow, The terrain is predeninately rocky, yet ha\*ing hills of sad, that it gives rise to the idea th~tthis wzs once a huge glacier.

In the central part cf Cmopus HoUow is Canopus Hill, the site of the village of the Canopus Indizns, me of the largest settlements in the Hudson Valley, Today this area is known as fK3unnybrookett The earliest record of the t~mis in the Record of Highways of April 1747: "a highway laid out Beginning at hbrzharz &itb's and by marked trees to the highway tbt leads fron Kirkman's Ell to ye peakskills, 4 rods wide," Smith came fr-;n hgland ti: Putrun Valley about l72D, Tfmmas Bryant was another early settler md gme his nme to Br-vat Hill and Bryant Pmd, This is east of Peekskill Eidllew bed and joins Barger Street today ontc: Route 6, The original Barger settler was probably Peter Barager who bought 213 acres of land from the commiss- ioners of forfeiture in 1780, On his hdwas Barger Pond,

At the lower end of Peekskill H~flowRoad near Adam Corners, William Gusenbury I. settled, He had a farm of 300 acres which extended frm Ahs Corners up the valley to the line of the fam of D&el D, Tompkins. Tne home- stead stc~~don tine east side af the road, On the west side oppcsite the house was a slight elevation cf land en3 here WZS supposed to be ul Indian burying ground, Moses Dusenbury, a brother, settled to the south of Adams Corners.

North beyond the hnd of William Dusenbury and DarLel D. Toapkins, was lmd owned by the Tompkins family - Nathaniel, Jc.shua, Cornelius and Reuben. They settled here in 1777, One cf them kept a store on Peeksicill Hollow Rcad (tod~gthe stcre is still there), Joshua purchased from the comnissioners of fdrfeiture 300 acres of land. prdbably in and around the present Methodist church, and representatives of the family still live there. The jumticn of kdicopee and Pe2kskill Hollow Rcads is today known as Toqkins Corners. An InGian legend tells tkt Wicopee Roaci msthe t rail used by Chief Wicopee when he visited MS neigh5or, Chief Culopus.

Isaac Post erected a grist adsaw niU, south of Tonpkins corners, On the east side of the creek on Peekskill Hdlow Rcrad a shmt .distance abwe its intersection by Bryant Hill, was the hone cf Titus Travis, the original settler of this family, and the old Tr5vis Family burying pl~t.

In the western part of the town an the farm of Leonard Jaycox are the remains of an encampment of tmvps f mn Hempstead, Long Island, kncwn as the Hempstead Huts, Today r-ns nay be seen c;f the bake ovens, This interesting old house, standing in diat is known today as Beacon, should rebe kno-m as the Madame Brett homestead. There Madzrne bett, the first nhite noman to establish her hose in the Highlands of Hudson's river, built her homestead in 1709, just 100 years after the discovery of the river, Madam Brett's father was Francis Rorbut, a Huguenot, who in 16% came to Mew Amsterdam and soon became a prosperous fur trader. He was married three tims, the third wife being Helens Teller Van Bafl, The daughter of that marriage was Catheryna who later became &dame Brett, Cathergna married bgw Bret: Xovmber 25th, 1703 in the city of New York, Madame Brett and her husband ha! the Love of the forest and the hardihood of the pioneer set'ller $n their veins , In 1708 they sold %heir house on Broadway, went up the Hudson by sloop, and landed at the muth of %'ra Matteawan creek. Their plan was to build their home on the land inherited from Madame Brett 1s father. This knd lay along the ferXLe valley of the Fishkill creek ctown to the river fmnt, and on the north side of the 's creek. Peaceable Indi=s Eved there and they became very friendly with the new settlers, A temporary shelter was built near the Fich XUwhich provided valuable water pwer for a mill, This mill later beep-me r profitable enterprise and was at a central point where the roads from the -interior converged on their wqy to the river.

A homestead was built which was a large and roomy structure for those primitive days. The foundations were of native stone, the beams of huge hand- hewn tiriiber, and the red cedar shingles were hand sealloped and secured by hand wrought nails. Few changes have been made to the original house. Probably the kitchen was added, and the upper story finished off to provide lodgings for the servants and slaves, The northwest room *as known as the "far away roodt snrl here the looms were set up for spinningc bfadame Brett died in 1764, and her daughter, Hannah, married Henry Schenck. Their daughter, Alice, narr!ed Isaac De Peyster Teller who boughtthe house in 1799. General Washington, the krquis de Lafayette and Baron Steuben were enter- tained there. Rations for the hungry army were stored in the amply cellar and soldiers slept in rows on the floor of the "long room." While the Teller family lived in the homestead the main street of the village became so prominent it was decided to reverse the entrance uid so the former rear became the front. Mrs. Teller put her name on the brass knocker which is still on the door. In 1834 Reverend Robert Boyd Van Kleedk came to the newly formed parish. He met and lzter married Margaret Schenck Teller who was teaching in the Sunday school earlier establish& in the homestead by her sister, Hannah. In 1845 the "Teller Villa" czne in the possession of &s, Van Kleeck, the last survivor of the Tdler family at that time, by EUJah and Marie Tompkinr

The first dwellirgs in Putnsm County were those of the Indians *o lived in villages of f9m 2 as 3 families to over 100, The normal fauUy lived in a Mde dgwam but the CUefrr and their families lived in houses nrade uitb hickory sa-s set in the grpw in twu parallel rows, The poles were bent and secured together to fcrm an arch which was covered wifh spUt poles and bark. Fron 16 to 18 PaaiUes occupied one house, all using a single fire in the center, a&hough st night each feyhad mats in a particular division. There was me entrance and a hole in the roof through which the sawrke escaped.

The buses had doping roofs to shed tbe rafn and snrw. LCks beamed ceilings and smdl wfrdgws conserved the heat while solid shrrtters kept out the cold, Slat dmtters were used elsewhere in the coloaies, but solid shutters were peculiar to this area., Thin Unen or oiled paper was often used in place of scarce mowglass,. Where glass was used, panes were tiny end usually placed with 12 panes 5n the top sash and 8 in the lower which was made smaller for wafer Ufte ing, The glass was greenish gray with iridescent patches, streaks and bubbles in a wavy gUFface.

Floors mre rough, wide, oak planks, but constant scrubbing smoothed them. Fireplaces were made dth rough, unevenly shaped bricks. Some were under- baked and others burned until &a&, giving a variety in color and finish, BSTEIUY ROBINSCN: HIS HOME, MS DOCZ[, IS HIU By Isabel Reid wsmansion ar& which the stirring incidents of the rewolution have flung such an interesting anil melancholy interest, is situated in the south-west corner of Philipstown upon the water lot formerly owned by Cole Beverly Robinson, about 400 yards from the Hudson, in a strdght line, and at the base of Sugar Loaf mountain. It is about two miles south-east of West Point, and four litiles south of the Village of Cold Sprlng. Its grounds and halls have been hallowed by the tread and presence of the Vather of his country,( by Knox, Greene, Putnam, Stem ben, Hosciusko, Heath, Parson, McDoqg3 and xiany others, in ll+,imesthat tried men's sc-sls," And men file the ptriot of his own CO-mtry,and the lover of liberty from another - Lafayette - rested beneeth its roof. It has also held the dark, clutching, scrdid traitor, Beneclict hold.

: Three buiidings joined to one anofher com- pose the mansion. Nearest to the river is the f amhouse, one story high, and connect ec! to it, on the east are the two main tjuildings, two skries high, with a piszm, extending along the north east, and souther- ly sides of the building nearest the Sugar Loaf Peak, and on the south side of the centre builctlng, The same low ceiliag;, lsrge and uncovered joists, the same polish- ed tiles around the fireplaces, and the. absence of all ornament which marks the progress of moclern architecture, preserve coqlete the interest which the stirring incidents of that period have flung arow the Robinson House.'t

Beverly Robinson who built the house about 1750, was a Major in the British Army under the gallant Gen. WoUe in the battle upon the Plains of Abraham, He marr&ed aniable and accomplisher! lady, Niss Susanna Philipse, a descen6ant sf the original patentee of Putnam County, by horn he acquired large tracts of land, and then retired from the Army to the enjoyment of that damestic happiness upcn his estates. He =s for several years Silpervisor of Philipstown, and to~kan active part in everytining that concerned its interests. The Beverly &ock was built by Beverly'Robinson, whose Christian name it bears, scon after eres-eing the mansion, Originally it was ab~uttwenty feet long from east to west, &id Len feet wide frcm north to southc It is against the base of a small rocb promontory projecting in a southerly direction intci the Hudson,

Continental Villzge in the scuthern prt of Philipstam was locsted near the entrance of *.he Highlads which was a point of greht military impoljance during the Revoiuticn, rad before the Revolution was known as Robinson1s all, A large amount of I;ij.lit,ary stores and mr :.a.ttle were collected there. were built md bar-r.cks fcjr t.m thousaid ner, Cr_ Oct.obe+ 9, 1777, General Tryan with z body of tL-cops destroyed the aett.!.err!en+,, the inhabitants fled to the hills and the Anerican troops to Fisilkil15 lec~vingthat part of Canopus Valley a scene of desdation. Later it was recaptured anci used for storage of supplies.

His+.org tells us tbt among the rrnuly ressons for colos- izatian of this new and vast h-dshre after its dis- cwry in 1492 TU, besides tmde, a grebt desire fur a hedm to worship God tss orze chose. A freedon* not then, as now enjcryed in other ,arts of thworld. Though I was never a rder, I px up in the sectiou of this 00- that boasts of the first clmrch of the croull* This church bearing the name The Old Southst Cknucchtl %s located about five asnorth of Brewster Just off route $22 oa the original dirt highway of the oammmity,

Little is Imam kistorica3ly of the chumh dewel~pentuntil after 1740 whn om isv. ELisba Kent cane from Newtam Connecticut d enWinto chge and thee yeas Lter was instaUed as tls first pstor of tbe then barn WFirst Church of tk PMLZipse %ecinct.a PhllLipse PrscSnct wdo the nae given E31 tris general uea up to 1772 wheu ~tbecam Prsdricrksburg iJrechct, Lter So~-i;hs~~t,Rev, Ken* remined +;tor uuti3 fiis lath thirty - three yws later. !Fhe church sib at tiis tine was about three niles west of the p-esent site, neamr 2s comrollnitiy we how ii9 Dykarvlrzs, It was a plain log stmrctm, Sosnetisle between 1740 md 1762 the church site was chged to the present om where thee stmictures kve been milt, First a Log building tkm two frame bu-i.3dFngse One, tihe present bliirdizlg whiah R~Saltered somewhat from the original after a .f5re in the Spring of X&'S when the en- ;ranee was clung@ from tk sotith to its pesent i;ositlon on the west, the iws turmed ibo~tand a belfry added. Reo. Bl;t was not only revered as pastor b~tas a parson in the canclllnity, During lis -torate he felt the need for gre~rtororgul9ation of the s~tLerwdchiurcites which le said %me no eccle&&ica3, judicatory," I& cllled a meting, tkrefore, in his home bf the other pastors, namely IMof Soxt'i Sales and Ped. of tb second church in tis UpsePatent - Patterson, October 27, 1762, Here was fomed the first organized Presbytery of a rurdl area, knuwn as ~DutcbssCounty Pres~~~.~bter churches of 3edford, Parktam, Fishldll, rtye and White Plains joined this pout:,

It ia quite evident tLt tids organized group were not Inlm as PresbyterS;llis fiz the wly days, but ruther CongremtionaU6ts for in 1760 it is skted tkt h Fk~irfM.d :ounty, Corn, there was called a Council of the &stern Consocia-ticm. E~s.t;orsa deb ;ate8 Pam this area atterlded but were ruled out of ti~torgaizatlon be&- it lecided tht the ~Jatforngoverning this council wds designed for churches 3n Corn, urn. by Bernard M, Gooasen

Many of tine country's earliest settlements were favorably located in spots along streams where &er power was abundant for the all bportarrt purpose of operating mills.

i)ne sue settlement da- b&k to pm- RevolutZonary was located on the Groton River near the middle of the Oblong in ihe eastern part oP the wm Town of Southeast. We iczlow this area as Mi3lW, Il+hough prior to the Revolution it was called Ryderts Mills &er the owner of he nil1 at that time. It is also very likely that as early as 1'745 At was km~!I 1s M~rehouse*~U, as this name was mentioned 9n the 1- out of highways at ,hat time. .J

'be road to Danbtmy passed through this settlemrrt, and it was here at the 8~Ssc boacis that a tavern operated by Capt . Ichabod Doolittle was a weat favorite ~5th pzi~:ellers,

'rior to the establishment of the tavern the same property was operated as -a store ,jr 3arles-Cullen, wfio loeated there after his marriage to Rev. asha Kent's .-l-z.;.est. daughter, Lucy in 1768. He was later described by his nephew Chamellor

--~'-l---- Kent as hav;ing been a well educated Irishman of 11~stature and of 6,-l--shedmanners". He was known to have been hospitable and kSnd, generous and e He enjoyed a prospercus business until the time of the war, during 5-ih Cullen was a Loyalist, His business gone, he lived on his means until .>cut 1783, at which tine he moved his family to a farm near Gilead in the Town 12 Camel, nother of the old settlers in MiUtown yas Peter Hall who was born Paag 9, 1715, vho relocated there from Cape Cod in 1749, On June 26, 1764 XU. Wrcha* 6 a ixaet of 155 acres of land for f la from Isaac Howes, "situated and being ith:n ->hetract called the Oblong, and now in the pqssession of the said Peter ELencl bounded on the east by the Colony line," Issac Hmes, in turn, had reviously purchased this tract from WinWm,Sniith, Esq, of New York, and James ram, Ewo of Norwalk,tt the original owqers of the South tract. t is interesting to note that the deed ~egisteringthis transaction was the ne given by the original owners of the Oblong which could be lccated at the tine elletreau wmte his Historg of Mnain County in 188C. Mr. smith, We of the igners of the deed was a lawyer and judge of great reputation who had a large amily, including a son, Joshua Hett Smith, who was the guide of War Andre at he time of his plot with Beneciict Arnold, nother settler in Milltown, who' driginally came from Cape Cod was Elisha Gage, ho died in 1802 at the age of 16. illiam Pennag settied in the northern part of Nilltown in 1747 after haw~~oved ?elre from Harwich, Mass. le Crosby family was established in Mj.~~by three brothers origbu~from 3rwioh Mass. Davicl and Joshua settled in 17&9 and Thomas in 1756. by Elizabeth D. Townsend

Christ Church, Patterson was started when the Philipse family owned most of our present eounty, Susan Philipse and her husband Col, Beverly Eobinson owned Lot Seven, or most of what was then horn as Fredrieksbwgh (artd later known as Franuin, and then patterson), The Robinsons built a chur~hof England Chapel about where the present Christ Church stands, for those who were of this persuasion, Haple Avenue was then par% gf a half-acre of ground that surrounded the building. This Chapel was consecrated in 1770. Servises were held occasionally until the tine c.f the Revolutionary War, when the surrounding land was seized and s~ldby the state, This ~hurchproperty was exempted.

In 1781 servipes were discontinued betause of sentiment against the Tcries, But, on July 5, 1799 the Church was reorganized as part of the Protestant Episcopal Church of America. It designated itself, Christ Chxh, Tmn of Franklin, Services were held ocrasionallj.,

In 1816 the old bui1rdin.g was torn down, and a new Church was built. Ben j& Evans served the Church for four years. He was ordained in tkis church. In 1860 he again served this rhuroh for a short the. 3rwster and Patterson were connected in their support of the Rev. Benja- min Xvans. Other ministers who succeeded him in this rhurch were the Reverencls Frank Hortfield, Sutclif f, Percy and F'urdg,

In 1892. the thurch was destroyed by fire, most of the old records of the church wererlost. Shortly after the Church was rebuilt, @.e Eev. William Mqldrum, began his long anti beloved ministry of nearlg; b& a century. (1894-1942) In 1901 a Memorial Church to the memory of Mr6; Corn- wall's mother was erected; Eut ten years later fire again destroyed our place of worship.

The present ehureh was the result of the devotion and efforts of dl ehurGh menibem and friends.

After the Rev. William Meldrums long ministry, the Revi Ribhard Warnsley served this and the Pawling Church until his death in 1952. Our TEE RENT WOLT

The faxmer settlers in the New Lrk i;rc.vince were not contented or ha?^ as were tkeir SEWEngigmi nt2gk;bcrr. Fcr fifteen yews pxiws tc 1766, there wsre t.~cietinct classes, the wezl?;hy ixidlwds fxn the lands were rent& or leeseil an2 the tenan.$ firmer ~r leborer, The lctter wcre separate6 sxial.Qy, eccincziicCly crd p;?litlcaXLy frm thcir lzndords.

The In2ims had 9ffere.i the in;5vii!uzl smll f,zmer lszses running a th~usanilyears. The Pkilips proprietsrs offereil one yesr holdings to be en3.e.ed zt the$ lsn;li;rd?s .All ad grate::. ;nly rn c:>ni;itian th~teach iami'r dl b..:nd hiLzsdf fsr a t'r;.r.us;incl pm$s to i'uXll1 eVsry one t.-. ~7. ~f the nsny &li~atlc.asc;f the lease. Stipu1ati~x:sof the L5vingsti;n an2 Vaii Rensselser leases =re xre exaAing, likriy if tke fare-crs Jei&e5 their 1.z.ncilords right tc. act 2s rimer ef l-a:i*-ich they c1.-izid by every rule c;f law ana justice, F;elcngxi t~ -the .f,n?&ns. Test cases wsre brlju~htintv C;..u~t; the r,c:st i~~prtmt of these Seing the one in which Chief itil;ih-zm .:.f the St.,.ckicriZge trlbe ccrit cu2e.i that tho Philipse astate he6 no valid ii-tle to soce t-~.~th!:,usm:2 acres, Just as the representa- tive ms 23-:ut to p?;i?~t~:ut thst the .deed . . - I~GSfrauc!uient, as the dste on the official ...... :.- '..> ..r .- -- - . stmg wzs c?f a later dzte then the criginal j' I' I l-.&N~aT; T!/ trasftr; me cf the &vrrnor2 s Cmncil ' i - i snatcheti, the dircment ::ut of his heitis ad I ' # 1 r;rLiere< IJkha snd those with hhtc g(; hc,me. . .-:LC--. - .. .. ::, ' ,. .. .:..,...:. .>--. -- Chief Ninhm triec! tc? hue his case re- opened? He was net allswed tr? cina before the ccurt and speak fsr hinselr". This was fcrbidden hin under threat of being sent to prism r'c-,r opposing a grant of the Crswn.

The te~ultsobjected nct cnly to the papent cf rent but SO uncertain tenure, miU and timber reservations, distraint, quarter sdes and nany othei-. hardships which finaly led t3 cpen reirsl.i;,

Under the leadership of William Pmdergaa%.whowas a tenznt on the Philipse lvld near Yawling, these sp~ressedpe~~ple j~ined toge+,her Lo defend their rights, Pendergast had nc persmal grievance but ha5 great sppsthy fc.r the people whc? were turned cut of their possessions, He found himself the leader of abwt me thousand ferraers fr:.m Gutchess and Westcheste;: who adcpted fcr their n=e "Sins of Likerty", They iraietliately set abkut re- leasing prisoners adnet with little resistmce, Fenlergast was finally captured, tx5ec! and fs:,und guilty :jf high treason. LU. the time the rourt ms sitting, the regiilers flung theaselves intc pillagi~g,plundering md burning. All this led to a wave cjf public re-dsisn against luldords and lawyers.

In December of 1765, Pendergast wzs parcioned by the King. The landlords were astounded but the London auth-rities knew they hed gme too far in using Gritish trmps to suppress the cclcnists,

Historic Sites and Persons before 1783 (by the "work shop" grciup~)

C~~ - Capt, John Crane, Pussapamm, Chief Campus, firris, M.U and Home, Dr, Elias Cornelius, Gilead Church, Baptist Church, Horse Pond, kahb~rnb Tarern, &Lean Tavern (washington stopped here) Roed of 1703, Cr~tonRiver us, Shzwts Pond, Enoeh Cmsbyls graveo -KEJVT - Ludington hone and MU, Col. Henry Ludington, Sybil Iardinghn, Last Wan Village (l8ll), Chief David Ninham, Training Gmunds, Solonon Hopkins, Ludingtoat s March, Farrserl s Mills, Cole' s Mills, Part of Hudson River chain nade.

FLTTEilSON - The Great Swamp - Block House w Settlerfs Revolt, Morr5sonfs &SU, Col. Beverly Robinson Jrss House and Mill (General Anthony Wayne's Headquartersq Amy Horse ~ocl), Washington reviews first conpletely unifonaed army, Ludington (Taves, Oblong, John Japs house, Church of wend, Presbyterian Church, pua)cer Church, Baptist Meeting fiouse, $'The City, '1 Pattersonrs Tavern, General T- Gr~unds. PHILIPSTOFJN - Bevebg House, bdmille House, Amold and Andre, Ccnstitution Island, ~~iitinentzlVillage, Warrencs Tavern, St. Philips Church, Foster Houset Hustis House, Knap House, Hudson Chain, Connecticut Soldier Huts, South , North Redoubt, Thorns Davenport, CaptaSn John Haight, Fort Defiance, Indan Brook Caap* FLTTN.I\M V&LEY - Dr, he3Drake (Elridge, Hill, ~avern)Col. Moses Dusenbury, HoI-tcni s Pond (~scawana)Wicopee Pass, Canopus Indims9 Hempstead Huts, Twnpki~ Tavern and Mill, P~ttosMU, Ter Boss, the prospeetor, Sznith House, SOUTHEAST - MKKtown (~ydersand Cranes ails) James Kent, South East Center =nsMU) Old Sc~thEast Church,Dykeman, The Oblong, Col John Field (Tavern) J~nathanCrane, Silver Mine (?) (~oeisHIU) Fowler House9 Encch Crosby House . SUGGESTED PROJECTS - Early fcod, clothing, shelter, medicine, roads, transport* tian, taverns, old houses, semi-skill& t~i~es,Revolutionary highways, trading centers, schools, prospecting, mills, ffcowboys and Skinners", axmy supply depots, fnclian ccntributions to the whites, the Philipse family, Cole Beverly Rcbinscn Ccl Roger Morris, Indian traditions, population shifls (1756, 1766, 1776, 1786j, political organization, =- =- - by Dorothy Giles

.-The pioneers who came hto Philipsets Upper Patent aft- . - 1715 were maMy of' ERgUsh mek born in the eolopliea, . capable of meeting frontier conditions. Each fwy brought, its heritage of medical. lore and superstition and its own pharmacopoei~ Their acquaintance with herbs won the respect of Csdwalladk Colden and DrJbbn Bard. Mmy of their primitive remedies long remained in use among their descendei?ts, Such were a skunk grease salve favored in the South =@lands to treat, chest colds and pneumonia; poultices of grated locust root to 6ure corns in 24 hours; dried raspberry tea to lower fever; tincture of the root of blue lobelia, ealleci by the Indians %aututtipang" and reuo~~~endedby them in treat- ment of venereal disease; and for severe cases of ivy poisoning, applicatkms of gunpowder and urine. Only when these failed we* the doctor summed.

The first physician cm the Patent was Dr, Nathaniel Worden who in 1761, leased land on Wheley Lake from Daniel Ninhsm at an annual rent of 2 pepper- corns payable at b&chaelmas. hoe, during the War, Dr. Worden defied British sentries and rode through their lines to attend a sick man. He was fired at, but the musket ball merely shot off his horsets tail, and the doctor galloped on. The most distbguished phpsician in the Province was EnglSsh-born, London-educated Dr. Peter Huggeford of Cartlandt Manor,friend and physician to the Van GortIandts end Beverly Robins~n, Whm Mrs. Bobinsonts mother, widow of the Second Lord, was thrown f zlom her cafiisge and f 8tay injured while visiting in the Hialands, he attended her at Beverly. When war broke he job ed a Tory regiment as surgeon. His estate of 20 acres on Crompond Road was confiscated. Later this was granted to John Paul-, one of the captors of Andre,

An apprentice of Dr. hggefontts was Ebenelter White, a ministerrs son, born in Yorktown, 1744. .As fervently patriot as Huggeford was Tory, he beom the physician of the patriot families in the region. One pictures him riding his stout nag over these hills and down these lonely valleys to the scattered farmhouses; in his saddlebags his stock of medicines and his trusty lancet for the inevitable bloodlettings.

The British tried to capture him to exchange for Tory Dr, Samuel Bull of Dutchess Southern Precinct, arrested by the Americans. A squadron of horse surrounded his house at Yorktowrr. Warned, Dr. White escaped, By mistake the British took Dr. James Brewer who lived nearby. In a skirmish with Ameritsns on Stony Road he was shot, He died next morning in Dr. White's arms. (Nov. 20, 1789) White is buried st Somers as is Dr. Elias Cornelius, an Army surgeon who remained to practice thereabouts after the Revolution. During the War, Dr. John Hamilton settled on Hoquet rs Point, Lake Nahopac. Contemporary with Dr. Huggeford was Dr. James Stanley of Cortlandttown, He attended early settlers in Continental Village, He always carried his scales and weights and impressively weighed out each dose he administered. 8fCautious as by Rosabel Baeon Dewey

To me, old houses are time honored not tirne worn pieces of wocd with lichen covered shingles. They are sonething that has been a part of folks lives for hundreds of years, something that has meat so mch to the people who have lived in, and cared for them,

When the Wzppinger Indians retreated into the woods, our forefathers progress- ed, snd with then their horns of a hundred or two years past,

One pre Revolutionzry house especially venerable is Mandeville. It is one of the oldest houses built in Philipstown in the pre Revolutionary era. Mande- ville w2s built about 1737 by Jacob Mmdeville; and at the time consisted of one large pretentious pvleled won with c,n open attie and a lean-to in the back. The first addition was the kitchen with a large brick fireplace incor- porating at its side a generous bake men. Before the Revolution still another wing was added which became -the sitting room. In this room uniformed solcliers from West Point cane to court the girls while the Mmdeville children watuhed them through a hot hole in the ceiling, So goes the anecdote, During the Revolution, within the walls of Mandeville, such personages as Washington, Howe, Heath, Rochambeau accepted warm hospitality, FrolnMay until October 1777 General Putnatl mde bdeville his headquarters, In 17'79 Washington's headquarters expense account shawed an entry for cash paid for lodging at Mandeville , Late in 1770 while St, Philip s Chapel in the High- lads was being completed, services were held every month at the Mwdeville home, In 1920 comenorating the 150th Anniversary of the parish, a serviee was again held here. In 1852 Richard Up john, an architect, and eqonent of Victorian Gothie remodeled the house to his liking, Nancy Allan, A,I.D, is the present owner, It was under her direction that the house was restored several years ago for Colonel Julian A. Benjamin vho owned it at that time, Miss Allan erased any disfigufig alterations that befell it, and furnished it with the sbple mellow forthri&t things characteristic of the early Colonial days,

In conclusion, it is incieed sad to state that these old tradition - heaped houses of nany surrimers and many winters became fewer - fewer because of neaect, fire, old age, and other causes, How gratifying it is to find old Colonials that time and people have dealt with benignly$ Is the WWbmDusenbury house the Hadden home? About 1750¶ WiWDusenbury became s teaant of Frederick Philipse and settled on 300 acres of land north of &dams Corners. He came from Peekskill; the son of lbses, great-grandson of Hendrick Hendrickson Van Doesburg of Holland &o married in Hew Pork fn 1655. WUants wife was Sash Lane and of their twelve children, CWea (b , 1769).is the best known, WfUiamts brother, Moses, $eased 1573 acres south, west and ncrthwest cf Maw Co~ners.

The brothers were active in Pbilipse Precinct affairs. Ebses served as a CohneX in the RevolWon. Docmts record: April 1772, William, Coll~ctor; Hoses, Moses &c%eci among first &ad Comissfoners; 177Mt ssor; 1'774,, Moses, Town ClerJr; Hay 6, 1776, a letter to the Provincial Congress by the Cdttee oMty stated that the southern of militia tisd been divided in two-- include all Utiain Frederkks- burg and Ft-apse Precincts mer bse8 enbury, Colonel, and Hemy Ludisg- ton, Lt,-Colonel, Hoses, W5ll.i- adMoses, Jr, amon the tax list 1772&, Moses, Jr, left no d- - lands by the forfeiture seSe;si kliUiemts farmhous;%ends or ktood &I&4 mile north of AmComers. His (la) bequeaths same fmn2shings to S&&, 63 acres to Nathan, authrises the division of all real and personal property and appoints Charles as one exeeuto~* The hause was not mentioned. Gilbert Hadden came from East Hilll hedChar-' dau&te~*and one historian ~TSthey nllvect here" (the o&$ml hornsstead)+ E8rUer historians say, %he original homestead stood a few rods east" of the ffacMea home* The zap of %8% haws two houses on the property marked "heirs of C. lh2s-e The main part of the present house waa once of "salt box11 construction, had a haaa aPm, and wag the vsrious wods used in the hand hewn beams, is ttiE3.p woad. It i8 possible that the original house passed to the Haddens, as Gilbert's dl;tughter, AmeUa Augusta, received a monetary bequest from her grandfather, Charles, bu% his WSlmakes no reference to the homestead, The I)usenbwlglands were sold to sueb fa&ies as Ogp.le, , Boyd, Adans, Secor, lbch, Travis, T-s, ekr

Historians nane only tm scns of Charles and Elizabeth Haciden (daughter Of kses Hadden) but in the family plot is the grave of their son, Joha, aged 8, ad Charlest Will refers to another son, Justus Thorn Dusenbury. This son and ikbijah Lee wese aWmril;ed to sell and dispose of Charlest property. Elhabeth Ikisenbrtry bought a house in Peeksk3.l.l Hollow frcm Thanas Strang of Yorktown (probably Hajar Hmryts sm) where she and &eir son Isaac Xved for a few years, This house stands south of Adam;s Comers and its histor~rprior to 1812 nust be tmmed in Poughkeepsie. A final reflection: WMay 18, 1799. The Church met .. , , . took into consideration a charge against Charles Dusenbury .. , . . for wicked and scandalous conduct, which was proved agsinst hfm.,..,.and he =fused to confess his fault a& reform, the Cburch declared by vote that he should no longer be a member of their communion."

Irma W. Franklin ORIGINLL LOTS ON THZ OBLORG

LOT NO. Samuel Field David Townsad Jams Alexander George Clark Wal SmLth & James Alexander (UOO acres) Samuel Baker Richard Brzdlep Wm. Smith Cadwalder Colden Urian Roots James Alexander James Alexander Jacob HMland Wm, Smith & James &own (1500 acres) John Ayscough (2000 acres) kchibald Kenedy -George Clark Joshua Barnes Adan Iraland James Alexander Sanuel Baker Jacob H~vWd C. coluen By Ethel Hustis Jaycox

Near the bomdary line bet- Zhrtchess and Putnam catlnties al- R~U~C% stands a stone marker, This boulder, taken f~wnthe nea-p muntains erected by Melzingah Chapter, D,A.R, in 1902, and bears this inscripti'on: Wn the hills back of this stone stood three batteries guarding this pass, 17%-.?s3rn The pass mentio~ed, often called *me of #e Mountsins,n fs a aarraw gap in the Highlands, which has been a passage way for %ravelfrcrm the t3ae of t-1 to the prescnt day,

In the fall of 1'776, the frCaaraittee 09 Wetp decided that this fmpo* tant pass should be guarded against the eneqyls forces. Under the supervision of Capt* Job deight, my Revolutionaq ancestor9 earthworks were erected in a --ding Location on top of a bill. This Portificdtion, naw Emown as Fort qll, was the Fort Leather Buckle of Revolutionary history. 'Rrere was s redoubt with kff, taana-n at each end vf the hill and another one %rithe canter. It was wcupied during the Revolution by American

fort +The Carpq, of the Invd.%ds," Here were tleated. th diseased a woadsowers, any 01 tbai a- most destitute of clutking. 'Pheir sufferings during the s evere winters were terrible and prcrPisims were seadfy. A mutiny occurred among these starving, wretched men, which resulted in the death of an officer and an enlisted man. These men, together dth the &h&wihs died & tfritk past, were buried on the northerly side of Fort Leather Buckle not far from place now known as Dry Bridge. These facts gave rise to many startling ghost stories and earned for this locality the name of nSpaoky Hollow,it

Capt John Haight lived a short distame sauth of Fort Leather hae, The old homestead is still standhg in a good state of presematian on the Post Rozd in northern Philipstown, When Capt. Haight was absent from hame on duty, he left his wife and two children with a colored boy, who was instructed fa notify his &stress of the approach of British foraging parties, ks a place of refuge for his family, he built 8 log cabin on the side of Eask bunkha One day, just as Mrs. Kaight had put her baking of bmad in the large brick oven, the negro bog came mmbg with .the news that the saldLers were coming, The mther caught up one child, the negm boy #e other and they-ran to the cabin hidden on the mo1~1,tafnside, wfEere they remined for several days, When sure the coa& was +bar, they returned Me. All the food in sight had been stolen but -- the British soldiers had neglected to Uok in the brick oven, The bread was safe and baked to a turn,

Capt, Haight lived to be 93 years old and died in the old hamestead among the mountsins he loved so well and in sinht- of Fort Leabh&r Buekle whioh he helped to build. THE HALGHT HOUSE

Here.is the Hdght house zs it pro'ozbly looite~in the early 1800's. It stmds on a rise at the turn of the highway, many Post Rcrd, not far frathe ljutchess County border in the North Hi-.&lands,

The first Height in the North Highlands was Daniel Haight, His Fil&gim ancestor was Sincn Hzicht, who left his n~tiveEnGand in 1628, Fc:ur gemrations later, in 1748, Daicjl cme u? from Westshester County looking fcr bsrgains in land, The country was a wilderness and trzvel was by India trail, but he like& the rcUing valley of the North Highlzn2s. Recards sar he r;urc;hased a tract of lmd of rclughly 640 acres in the Fhilipse Patent* Tc; Jsseph, me of nine sons, he deecied a stri? ~f land-t was pzrt ~f Lot 3 cjf the Patent. Jcseph was a carpenter by trade and in 1765 he built the first frpae house in the North High- laCs on the high fertile fiat which lies en the east bank ~f the Clme, aU the nzterird fr~rVne hwse king made on the fam, w-hich zt that tiae contained a sz~&&ll,black-

.. s~iiithan2 czrpent er , shop.

The house represents two periods of building, the western end the original structure with hewn bsm, peg cGnstruction, plank flvors, the end wd1 taken up minly with the chimney. .:: .:: ...... The hmse is cn tw levels, a story and a half, its rather fmid portico lending grace adcham to the =in entrance of the charzcteristic center hall leading to another doorway ad,pcrtico on the other side c;f the house pr~bably The hzll flank- . overlooking very in tines gcne by, a hillsi2e gsrden, is ed by room on either side where the fa~zilylived and the crude end-toend half story abcve, with the cnly light at the eaves, wzs used fcr spinning, for . stcrage, fcr drying herbs, The fmily is kncm to have had at least one slwe and he prcbzbly slept up here.

The hvuse echoed wi%h the trap of marchtng feet ciuring the Revolutionary War when the Cvntinental Army camped in the North Hi&lands while Washington >lamed. for the pr~tectionof the Hudson River Valley, It was to this housz that John, Jnsephfs scn, brsught his bride and later, as an officer in washing tan*^ limy, w~sto fight in the B~ttleof 'Mlhite Plains adto comd the Redoubts at Fort Hill in the North Highlands,

Jr~sephHaight built his house well. It has survived the vicissitudes of alnost two centuries and like nnst cld hnuses has a Jefinite pers~nalityand secns to call out for the ozcup~tsof its busy past. Standing quietly in a doorway one cm alnast hear Herrim, &rife of Ca9tain John Haight, sum.ncning one of her daughters with Wary, bring a case, child - itfs getting dark.". ... - by Carlton 3, ~cofield ...

...

In October of the ToUowing autumn, MajopGenersl Israel Aztnam, was in eotnmand of the Highlands, To Nm, with BrigacZier General George CUnton, fell the necessity of ordering immediate retreak to the Plains of Mshkill, &en Forts Clinton and Montgomery were captured on October Sixth, Those forts were the scene of a surg- ing and sanguinar~rbattle with frightful loss of life on both sides, The Americens refusing surrender, were overwhehec? by ntmibere at the point of the bayonet, General James Clinton, wounded in the thigh by a bayonet, barely escaped with his life, General George Clintcn escaped across the river to Ccnthen- tal Village arriving there at midnight. Three days later, on October Ninth, the British under Tryon, sacked and burner3 Ccntinental Village, All. the loaded wagons, buildings and supplies went up in flmes. The cnly structure left standing was the Grist U, saved, it may be, by request of Beverly Rcbinson, who came with them. In the sumner of 1780 an entire division was quartered on the eastern and southern slopes, About a year later, General Heath ordered thirteen cannon to be fired anncuncing the defeat of Ccmwallis at Yorktch in the decisive battle of the war, After the war and thrcugh the years, Continental Pillage has been a place of farms, lumbering, ircn minjng, anil the Phoeni~paper niU. 349-

LENbqC8 !Xs?SF,S, THE SPY 1750 - 1836 %y M2-, Addison R. Hopkins

k,lrl-q~LTQT~V ~r,as a local hero and patria* ::3Zii~r~:lmss adventures during the Re-~olvticnwere so similar to those of 1' Ha1.5ey birch9!' the hero of the novel "The spy!' by J, Fennimore Cooper that it is generally accepted that they were one and the same person, Crosby became a spy quite by accident, He was on his way through Westchester ts. 1.e join the American Army when he fell in with a man who was a Tory and supposing Crosby to be one also, i2vrked him to join a company then forming to aid the British, Crosby seized this opp~:*t;~~i-;yof gaining information which he immediately communicated tc z':e Committee of Safety at White Plains, Judge was chair- n::r- of th:-;: Committee and sensing Crosbyls peculiar ability persuaded ilia to be2orne a secret agent, joininc various bands of Tories, The ~-:gi~nbeheen the Harlem Iiivcr and Pines Bridge on the Croton was kmwn as nau+,iaal ground and was exposed to the troops of both parties. 1% was here that Crosby ran his greatest risk and gained much infor- mation which he transmitted to the American officers, H*,wever, his continued and miraculous escapes when captured by the Arne~icansf'inaliy excited suspicion among the Tories and they came to the conclusion that he was an American spy, 9e retreated to the home of his brother-in-law, Capt. Solomon Hopkine, who lived about two miles f~omCarrnel cn the road to Kent Cliffs, but he wa3 watched by his enemies and on the second night of his stay, a ball fired through the window grazed hfs neck and buried itself in the ceiling opposite. In 1825 "The spy" was dramatized and Crosby went to New York to see it. Hs (~Ccupieda box and when the audience waa told that the origin- al nf Harvey Birch was present, the old man, then seventy-five, received an ovation., When he came home be went around to his various kinfolk and told of the incident, -Then Capt, H.L. Barnum got hold of him and published Crosbyls own stwg in a pamphlet called "The Spy unmasked," Whereupon &O Cooper promptly denied it, but later admitted that he had heard of the ex- plolts of a certain Spy from Judge John Jay while both were visiting at the home of John Peter DeLancy, Cooper's father-in-law, although Judge Jay had never mentioned the real name of this secret agents After the Revolution,Enoch Crosby purchased from the Comissioners of Forfeiture the farm now owned by Dr, A. J. Irving on the west side of Tilly Foster reservoir and lived there until his death in 1835 at the age of' eighty-five, His simple tombstone in the Old Gilead Cemetery became so hacked away by souvenir hunters that in 1924. an imposing monument was erected to his memory by Fsrdinand T, Hopkins.