African American Studies 100 Monday, October

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

African American Studies 100 Monday, October 29, 2018 Topic Charles Hamilton Houston; Thurgood Marshall; Montgomery Bus Boycott (Martin Luther King Jr.) Activities Charles Hamilton Houston went to Harvard Law School (after returning from World War I) - Felix Frankfurter was his professor / mentor o Frankfurter went on to become a Supreme Court Justice - Houston then went on to teach at Howard Law School o Later, his student at Howard, Thurgood Marshall, would go on to argue a landmark case (Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 1954) before Felix Frankfurter (case brought by the NAACP—they would win the case). Marshall himself then became the first African American Supreme Court Justice (appointed by President Lyndon Baines Johnson) Montgomery Bus Boycott - Started by Rosa Parks o Claudette Colvin refused to give up her seat before Rosa Parks o But, because she didn’t fit the image, the movement opted to use Rosa Parks as the face of the struggle instead. Charles Hamilton Houston challenged the “Separate but Equal” concept of Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 (decision in this case unjustly violated the right of equal protection guaranteed by the 14th Amendment). - Court strategy: He asked the court to prove that the facilities that black people had were equal to those of white people (Case: Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada, 1938) The U.S. Civil War changed the position of the power of the court. - The importance of the supreme court as a federal institution was greatly enhanced. o Civil War elevated the power of the federal government in relations to the state o The state government must follow the ruling of the federal government - Even some of the justices on the court, at the beginning, didn’t want to reverse Plessy v. Ferguson; eventually, however, the decision was unanimous. o They realized this was a very controversial case so they decided to go with the majority Lyndon B. Johnson becomes president because of the assassination of JFK - Lyndon B. Johnson wants Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act but he’s dealing with a racist congress. He eventually succeeds (in part because of the Civil Rights Movement) in pushing Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act in 1964. - Johnson, a controversial president. - He sponsored the Great Society programs that aimed at eliminating inequality, racial injustice, and improving the environment. (Example of authentic democracy). - But he was also responsible for escalating the Vietnam War in which thousands upon thousands died. Concepts/Theories Conjuncture of Fortuitously Propitious Historical Factors (about historical coincidences--such as the connections between Houston, Frankfurter, and Marshall). See definition in the online course glossary. Examples Tests/Quizzes - Announcements will be posted about test next week. Homework See announcement on class home page; plus Thurgood Marshall’s Biography .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Children of Stuggle Learning Guide
Library of Congress LIVE & The Smithsonian Associates Discovery Theater present: Children of Struggle LEARNING GUIDE: ON EXHIBIT AT THE T Program Goals LIBRARY OF CONGRESS: T Read More About It! Brown v. Board of Education, opening May T Teachers Resources 13, 2004, on view through November T Ernest Green, Ruby Bridges, 2004. Contact Susan Mordan, (202) Claudette Colvin 707-9203, for Teacher Institutes and T Upcoming Programs school tours. Program Goals About The Co-Sponsors: Students will learn about the Civil Rights The Library of Congress is the largest Movement through the experiences of three library in the world, with more than 120 young people, Ruby Bridges, Claudette million items on approximately 530 miles of Colvin, and Ernest Green. They will be bookshelves. The collections include more encouraged to find ways in their own lives to than 18 million books, 2.5 million recordings, stand up to inequality. 12 million photographs, 4.5 million maps, and 54 million manuscripts. Founded in 1800, and Education Standards: the oldest federal cultural institution in the LANGUAGE ARTS (National Council of nation, it is the research arm of the United Teachers of English) States Congress and is recognized as the Standard 8 - Students use a variety of national library of the United States. technological and information resources to gather and synthesize information and to Library of Congress LIVE! offers a variety create and communicate knowledge. of program throughout the school year at no charge to educational audiences. Combining THEATER (Consortium of National Arts the vast historical treasures from the Library's Education Associations) collections with music, dance and dialogue.
[Show full text]
The NAACP and the Black Freedom Struggle in Baltimore, 1935-1975 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillm
“A Mean City”: The NAACP and the Black Freedom Struggle in Baltimore, 1935-1975 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By: Thomas Anthony Gass, M.A. Department of History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Hasan Kwame Jeffries, Advisor Dr. Kevin Boyle Dr. Curtis Austin 1 Copyright by Thomas Anthony Gass 2014 2 Abstract “A Mean City”: The NAACP and the Black Freedom Struggle in Baltimore, 1935-1975” traces the history and activities of the Baltimore branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) from its revitalization during the Great Depression to the end of the Black Power Movement. The dissertation examines the NAACP’s efforts to eliminate racial discrimination and segregation in a city and state that was “neither North nor South” while carrying out the national directives of the parent body. In doing so, its ideas, tactics, strategies, and methods influenced the growth of the national civil rights movement. ii Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to the Jackson, Mitchell, and Murphy families and the countless number of African Americans and their white allies throughout Baltimore and Maryland that strove to make “The Free State” live up to its moniker. It is also dedicated to family members who have passed on but left their mark on this work and myself. They are my grandparents, Lucious and Mattie Gass, Barbara Johns Powell, William “Billy” Spencer, and Cynthia L. “Bunny” Jones. This victory is theirs as well. iii Acknowledgements This dissertation has certainly been a long time coming.
[Show full text]
IN HONOR of FRED GRAY: MAKING CIVIL RIGHTS LAW from ROSA PARKS to the TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY - Introduction
Case Western Reserve Law Review Volume 67 Issue 4 Article 10 2017 SYMPOSIUM: IN HONOR OF FRED GRAY: MAKING CIVIL RIGHTS LAW FROM ROSA PARKS TO THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY - Introduction Jonathan L. Entin Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/caselrev Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Jonathan L. Entin, SYMPOSIUM: IN HONOR OF FRED GRAY: MAKING CIVIL RIGHTS LAW FROM ROSA PARKS TO THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY - Introduction, 67 Case W. Rsrv. L. Rev. 1025 (2017) Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/caselrev/vol67/iss4/10 This Symposium is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Journals at Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Case Western Reserve Law Review by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. Case Western Reserve Law Review·Volume 67·Issue 4·2017 —Symposium— In Honor of Fred Gray: Making Civil Rights Law from Rosa Parks to the Twenty-First Century Introduction Jonathan L. Entin† Contents I. Background................................................................................ 1026 II. Supreme Court Cases ............................................................... 1027 A. The Montgomery Bus Boycott: Gayle v. Browder .......................... 1027 B. Freedom of Association: NAACP v. Alabama ex rel. Patterson ....... 1028 C. Racial Gerrymandering: Gomillion v. Lightfoot ............................. 1029 D. Constitutionalizing the Law of
[Show full text]
Women in the Modern Civil Rights Movement
Women in the Modern Civil Rights Movement Introduction Research Questions Who comes to mind when considering the Modern Civil Rights Movement (MCRM) during 1954 - 1965? Is it one of the big three personalities: Martin Luther to Consider King Jr., Malcolm X, or Rosa Parks? Or perhaps it is John Lewis, Stokely Who were some of the women Carmichael, James Baldwin, Thurgood Marshall, Ralph Abernathy, or Medgar leaders of the Modern Civil Evers. What about the names of Septima Poinsette Clark, Ella Baker, Diane Rights Movement in your local town, city or state? Nash, Daisy Bates, Fannie Lou Hamer, Ruby Bridges, or Claudette Colvin? What makes the two groups different? Why might the first group be more familiar than What were the expected gender the latter? A brief look at one of the most visible events during the MCRM, the roles in 1950s - 1960s America? March on Washington, can help shed light on this question. Did these roles vary in different racial and ethnic communities? How would these gender roles On August 28, 1963, over 250,000 men, women, and children of various classes, effect the MCRM? ethnicities, backgrounds, and religions beliefs journeyed to Washington D.C. to march for civil rights. The goals of the March included a push for a Who were the "Big Six" of the comprehensive civil rights bill, ending segregation in public schools, protecting MCRM? What were their voting rights, and protecting employment discrimination. The March produced one individual views toward women of the most iconic speeches of the MCRM, Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a in the movement? Dream" speech, and helped paved the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and How were the ideas of gender the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
[Show full text]
National Black Law Journal
UCLA National Black Law Journal Title Emancipation: The Making of the Black Lawyer, 1844-1944 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2z4803q9 Journal National Black Law Journal, 14(1) ISSN 0896-0194 Author Mabry, Cynthia R. Publication Date 1994 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California BOOK REVIEW Emancipation: The Making of the Black Lawyer, 1844-1944. By Professor J. Clay Smith, Jr. Foreword by Justice Thurgood Marshall. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1993. Pp. 703. $-. Reviewed by Cynthia R. Mabry* I. INTRODUCrION In Emancipation: The Making of the Black Lawyer, 1844-1944 ("Emancipation"), Dr. J. Clay Smith, Jr.,' a law professor and a prolific writer,2 pens a spellbinding factual narrative of the history of African American lawyers. Dr. Smith identifies hundreds of African American men and women who became lawyers between 1844 and 1944. The social and legal history chronicled in Emancipation begins with the first African American lawyer, Macon Boiling Allen, who was licensed to practice in Maine in 1844. It ends with Rachel E. Pruden-Herndon, the first African American woman admitted to the Georgia bar in 1943. With meticulous detail, Dr. Smith recounts African American attorneys' relent- less efforts to gain admittance to the bar; to earn the respect of white judges, opposing counsel, and jurors who controlled their client's fate; and to emancipate other African Americans. Notable lawyers, like Thurgood Marshall, as well as little-known lawyers, like Lutie Lytle-America's first female law professor-are mentioned. * Associate Professor, West Virginia University College of Law. B.A.
[Show full text]
LEGACY Alliance of Black Women Attorneys of Maryland, Inc
___________________________________ LEGACY Alliance of Black Women Attorneys of Maryland, Inc. NEWSLETTER SPECIAL EDITION Vol. 2, No. 1 June 1, 2004 A MESSAGE FROM THE for not allowing education, income and PRESIDENT status to separate us. We honor these ladies for reminding us that we are all Dear Colleagues, cut from the same cultural cloth and we all have the same responsibility for This year, many Americans are continuing to knock down barriers which celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the have historically prevented the black historic decision of Brown v Board of community from receiving equal Education. Most importantly, we all treatment. Finally, we honor these will celebrate the heroic efforts of ladies for providing us with a forum to Thurgood Marshall and his team of cultivate change. attorneys. These individuals fought endlessly to ensure that blacks would be Yes, we pause today to celebrate given equal treatment in educational the many pioneers that have ensured that opportunities. However, this paramount we are properly equipped to continue the decision transformed society into an fight. arena of equal treatment in all public arenas. Robyn C. Scates, President 2003-2004 As America pauses to celebrate these individuals, the Alliance of Black LEGAL COMMUNITY MOURNS Women Attorneys pauses to honor and LOSS OF CHRISTANA celebrate the heroism of our founders. MARIA GUTIERREZ These women have forged a path to ensure that Black women attorneys have By Gus G. Sentementes a voice and that we stay connected to our Sun Staff community. They have taught us to Originally published January 31, 2004 never underestimate the community work that has brought us to these places Maria Cristina Gutierrez, a criminal of power.
[Show full text]
The History That Inspired I Dream
GUIDE: THE HISTORY THAT INSPIRED I DREAM Title Sponsor of I Dream The Story of a Preacher from Atlanta A fusion of classical and popular musical traditions and Rhythm & Blues Table of Contents Douglas Tappin: Composer 3 Birmingham Beginnings 8 Introducing I Dream 4 Selma 9 Remembering Childhood 5 End of Dreams 10 Remembering College 6 Timeline 11 Montgomery Years 7 I Dream’s focus is the last 36 hours of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s life and a series of dreams, premonitions, and reminiscences all leading up to the April 4, 1968 assassination at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. Statement of Intent It is important for us to reflect on our history. We can’t talk about where we want to go as a society without understanding where we’ve been. The intent of I Dream and the community dialogues surrounding the performances is to explore our society’s recent history and struggle for equality for all citizens by examining the life and legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and his family, all of whom continue to provide inspiration, courage and hope for the future. I Dream is a work about yesterday for today. Douglas Tappin is a writer and composer who was born and educated in the United Kingdom. A former Commercial Attorney and member of the Honorable Society of Lincoln’s Inn, he practiced as a Barrister in England for eleven years. Tappin earned an additional postgraduate degree from Atlanta’s McAfee School of Theology, culminating in the dissertation That There Might Be Inspiration – a critical examination and articulation of transformative music-drama, including through the historical and contemporary works of Handel, Wagner, Puccini, Sondheim, Lloyd Webber and Rice, Boublil and Schönberg.
[Show full text]
Mcleod Bethune Papers: the Bethune Foundation Collection Part 2: Correspondence Files, 1914–1955
A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier BethuneBethuneMaryMary McLeod PAPERS THE BETHUNE FOUNDATION COLLECTION PART 2: CORRESPONDENCE FILES, 19141955 UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier Mary McLeod Bethune Papers: The Bethune Foundation Collection Part 2: Correspondence Files, 1914–1955 Editorial Adviser Elaine Smith Alabama State University Project Coordinator Randolph H. Boehm Guide Compiled by Daniel Lewis A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bethune, Mary McLeod, 1875–1955. Mary McLeod Bethune papers [microform] : the Bethune Foundation collection microfilm reels. : 35 mm. — (Black studies research sources) Contents: pt. 1. Writings, diaries, scrapbooks, biographical materials, and files on the National Youth Administration and women’s organizations, 1918–1955. pt. 2. Correspondence Files, 1914–1955. / editorial adviser, Elaine M. Smith: project coordinator, Randolph H. Boehm. Accompanied by printed guide with title: A guide to the microfilm edition of Mary McLeod Bethune papers. ISBN 1-55655-663-2 1. Bethune, Mary McLeod, 1875–1955—Archives. 2. Afro-American women— Education—Florida—History—Sources. 3. United States. National Youth Administration—History—Sources. 4. National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs (U.S.)—History—Sources. 5. National Council of Negro Women— History—Sources. 6. Bethune-Cookman College (Daytona Beach, Fla.)—History— Sources.
[Show full text]
Speaker Biographies
Speaker Biographies Courtney Anderson ’06 Courtney Anderson graduated with a JD from Harvard Law School in 2006 and an LLM from Georgetown University Law Center in 2012. She practiced real estate law at Sidley Austin LLP in Chicago for four years before beginning a two-year clinical fellowship at GULC in affordable housing and community development. She is currently a law professor at Georgia State University College of Law and teaches property, health law and poverty law courses and is affiliated faculty at the Georgia State University School of Public Health. Courtney Anderson is the owner of Vibe Ride, a boutique fitness studio located in the Midtown neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia. Vibe Ride is a start-up company founded in 2014, and is a women and minority owned business that specializes in indoor cycling. Afia Asamoah ’05 Afia Asamoah is Senior Product Counsel at Verily Life Sciences, formerly Google Life Sciences. She leads the legal, compliance, and regulatory affairs teams responsible for advising all health-related products developed at Verily. She was the first lawyer hired by the Google[x] life sciences team and was the sole lawyer advising on FDA matters across Google. Previously, Afia was a regulatory attorney at Covington & Burling LLP, where she advised on a range of healthcare regulatory and compliance issues. From 2009-2011, Ms. Asamoah was also a Special Assistant in the Office of the Commissioner at the US Food and Drug Administration, where she received four awards, including the FDA Commissioner’s Special Citation. In addition to her Harvard Law education, Afia holds a Masters of Public Policy from the John F.
[Show full text]
Constance Baker Motley
THE HONORABLE CONSTANCE BAKER MOTLEY The Honorable Constance Baker Motley is an extraordinary person, and one of the noteworthy and surprising facts about her is how little has been written about her life and work. If, after this presentation, you are interested in learning more about her, you might read her autobiography, Equal Justice Under Law,1 and you might watch a videotape of a 1988 interview of her conducted by Alfred Aman, Professor and former dean at the Indiana University School of Law at Bloomington.2 Our library can secure the videotape for you through interlibrary loan. The bibliography lists other materials relevant to her life and work. Here are several striking facts about Constance Baker Motley, any one of which would make her worthy of serious study. She was the fifth woman, and the first Black woman, appointed to the federal bench.3 She served for almost twenty years, from 1946 to 1964, as staff attorney with the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc., and was part of the "inner circle" responsible for Brown v. Board of Education, a case that many consider to be the most important of the twentieth century.4 She represented James Meredith in his successful attempt to integrate the University of Mississippi, integration that was accomplished only with the 1Constance Baker Motley, Equal Justice Under the Law (1998). 2An interview with Judge Constance Baker Motley conducted by Alfred C. Aman (1988). 3Linn Washington, Black Judges on Justice (1995), p. 760. 4Michael J. Klarman, From Jim Crow to Civil Rights: The Supreme Court and the Struggle for Racial Equality, (2004), p.
[Show full text]
Throughout the Years of His Leadership in the Civil Rights Movement, Reverend Dr
Throughout the years of his leadership in the Civil Rights Movement, Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. made several trips to Durham and gave six public speeches. King’s powerful advocacy of nonviolent collective action inspired many of Durham’s equal rights activists to occupy segregated spaces, and to promote black political action and the improvement of conditions for the impoverished. 1953 Rencher N. Harris, businessman and civil rights activist, was elected as the first African American to serve on Durham’s City Council. 1955 The Montgomery, Alabama bus boycott sparked by the arrests of Claudette Colvin, Mary Louise Smith, and Rosa Parks showed the power of collective organizing by local African Americans. King was elected as president of the Montgomery Improvement Association, and the movement’s successful integration of the bus system in 1956 led to his national recognition. Click here to listen an interview with Representative Mickey Michaux on his relationship with Dr. King (Links to the Museum of Durham History YouYube channel). 1957 On June 23, the Reverend Douglas Moore, a classmate of King at Boston University School of Theology, led six young African Americans in a sit-in at the segregated Royal Ice Cream Parlor. That year, the Durham Bulls baseball team saw their first black players and demonstrators attempted to integrate seating at the Durham Athletic Park for opening night. At Duke University, the first black students were admitted to a summer teaching program. 1957 Recognizing the importance of collective power during the Montgomery bus boycott, King and sixty civil rights leaders met in Atlanta, Georgia to form the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).
[Show full text]
Brown V. Board of Education
Defining Moments Brown V. Board of Education Diane Telgen 615 Griswold, Detroit MI 48226 Table of Contents Preface . .ix How to Use This Book . .xiii Important People, Places, and Terms . .xv Chronology . .xxvii NARRATIVE OVERVIEW Prologue . .3 Chapter One: From Slavery to Segregation . .5 Chapter Two: The NAACP’s Plan to Dismantle Segregation . .21 Chapter Three: The Journey to the Supreme Court . .35 Chapter Four: The Arguments and the Decision . .53 Chapter Five: Implementation “with All Deliberate Speed” . .67 Chapter Six: Crisis in Little Rock . .81 Chapter Seven: Brown’s Legacy in Education . .95 Chapter Eight: Brown’s Legacy in Civil Rights . .113 BIOGRAPHIES Daisy Bates . .125 Civil Rights Activist and Advisor to the Little Rock Nine Kenneth B. Clark . .131 Researcher into the Effects of Segregation on African Americans v Defining Moments: Brown v. Board of Education John W. Davis . .137 Lead Counsel for South Carolina before the Supreme Court in the Brown cases Dwight D. Eisenhower . .142 34th President of the United States Orval Faubus . .146 Governor of Arkansas during School Desegregation Crisis at Little Rock Charles Hamilton Houston . .150 Counsel to the NAACP and Architect of NAACP Desegregation Strategy Thurgood Marshall . .156 Lead LDF Attorney for Brown v. Board and First African American Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren . .164 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court during the Brown v. Board Decision PRIMARY SOURCES A Black Man Recalls Attending a Segregated School in the South . .173 “The Effects of Segregation and the Consequences of Desegregation: A Social Science Statement” . .177 The U.S. Government’s Amicus Curiae Brief in the Brown v.
[Show full text]