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The NAACP and the Black Freedom Struggle in Baltimore, 1935-1975 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillm
“A Mean City”: The NAACP and the Black Freedom Struggle in Baltimore, 1935-1975 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By: Thomas Anthony Gass, M.A. Department of History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Hasan Kwame Jeffries, Advisor Dr. Kevin Boyle Dr. Curtis Austin 1 Copyright by Thomas Anthony Gass 2014 2 Abstract “A Mean City”: The NAACP and the Black Freedom Struggle in Baltimore, 1935-1975” traces the history and activities of the Baltimore branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) from its revitalization during the Great Depression to the end of the Black Power Movement. The dissertation examines the NAACP’s efforts to eliminate racial discrimination and segregation in a city and state that was “neither North nor South” while carrying out the national directives of the parent body. In doing so, its ideas, tactics, strategies, and methods influenced the growth of the national civil rights movement. ii Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to the Jackson, Mitchell, and Murphy families and the countless number of African Americans and their white allies throughout Baltimore and Maryland that strove to make “The Free State” live up to its moniker. It is also dedicated to family members who have passed on but left their mark on this work and myself. They are my grandparents, Lucious and Mattie Gass, Barbara Johns Powell, William “Billy” Spencer, and Cynthia L. “Bunny” Jones. This victory is theirs as well. iii Acknowledgements This dissertation has certainly been a long time coming. -
IN HONOR of FRED GRAY: MAKING CIVIL RIGHTS LAW from ROSA PARKS to the TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY - Introduction
Case Western Reserve Law Review Volume 67 Issue 4 Article 10 2017 SYMPOSIUM: IN HONOR OF FRED GRAY: MAKING CIVIL RIGHTS LAW FROM ROSA PARKS TO THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY - Introduction Jonathan L. Entin Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/caselrev Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Jonathan L. Entin, SYMPOSIUM: IN HONOR OF FRED GRAY: MAKING CIVIL RIGHTS LAW FROM ROSA PARKS TO THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY - Introduction, 67 Case W. Rsrv. L. Rev. 1025 (2017) Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/caselrev/vol67/iss4/10 This Symposium is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Journals at Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Case Western Reserve Law Review by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. Case Western Reserve Law Review·Volume 67·Issue 4·2017 —Symposium— In Honor of Fred Gray: Making Civil Rights Law from Rosa Parks to the Twenty-First Century Introduction Jonathan L. Entin† Contents I. Background................................................................................ 1026 II. Supreme Court Cases ............................................................... 1027 A. The Montgomery Bus Boycott: Gayle v. Browder .......................... 1027 B. Freedom of Association: NAACP v. Alabama ex rel. Patterson ....... 1028 C. Racial Gerrymandering: Gomillion v. Lightfoot ............................. 1029 D. Constitutionalizing the Law of -
National Black Law Journal
UCLA National Black Law Journal Title Emancipation: The Making of the Black Lawyer, 1844-1944 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2z4803q9 Journal National Black Law Journal, 14(1) ISSN 0896-0194 Author Mabry, Cynthia R. Publication Date 1994 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California BOOK REVIEW Emancipation: The Making of the Black Lawyer, 1844-1944. By Professor J. Clay Smith, Jr. Foreword by Justice Thurgood Marshall. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1993. Pp. 703. $-. Reviewed by Cynthia R. Mabry* I. INTRODUCrION In Emancipation: The Making of the Black Lawyer, 1844-1944 ("Emancipation"), Dr. J. Clay Smith, Jr.,' a law professor and a prolific writer,2 pens a spellbinding factual narrative of the history of African American lawyers. Dr. Smith identifies hundreds of African American men and women who became lawyers between 1844 and 1944. The social and legal history chronicled in Emancipation begins with the first African American lawyer, Macon Boiling Allen, who was licensed to practice in Maine in 1844. It ends with Rachel E. Pruden-Herndon, the first African American woman admitted to the Georgia bar in 1943. With meticulous detail, Dr. Smith recounts African American attorneys' relent- less efforts to gain admittance to the bar; to earn the respect of white judges, opposing counsel, and jurors who controlled their client's fate; and to emancipate other African Americans. Notable lawyers, like Thurgood Marshall, as well as little-known lawyers, like Lutie Lytle-America's first female law professor-are mentioned. * Associate Professor, West Virginia University College of Law. B.A. -
Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer to Give UM Lecture
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana University of Montana News Releases, 1928, 1956-present University Relations 8-26-2002 Supreme Court justice Stephen Breyer to give UM lecture University of Montana--Missoula. Office of University Relations Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/newsreleases Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation University of Montana--Missoula. Office of University Relations, "Supreme Court justice Stephen Breyer to give UM lecture" (2002). University of Montana News Releases, 1928, 1956-present. 18010. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/newsreleases/18010 This News Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University Relations at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Montana News Releases, 1928, 1956-present by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Montana UNIVERSITY RELATIONS • MISSOULA, MT 59812 • 406-243-2522 • FAX: 406-243-4520 Aug. 26, 2002 Contact: Shelley Hopkins, director of external relations, School of Law, (406) 243-4319. SUPREME COURT JUSTICE STEPHEN BREYER TO GIVE UM LECTURE MISSOULA-- The University of Montana School of Law will host its third member of the U.S. Supreme Court when Associate Justice Stephen G. Breyer speaks at the William B. Jones and Judge Edward A. Tamm Judicial Lecture Series. Breyer, the Supreme Court’s 108th justice, will give the sixth installment in the Jones- Tamm Lecture Series at 3 p.m. Wednesday, Sept. 11, in the University Theatre. -
LEGACY Alliance of Black Women Attorneys of Maryland, Inc
___________________________________ LEGACY Alliance of Black Women Attorneys of Maryland, Inc. NEWSLETTER SPECIAL EDITION Vol. 2, No. 1 June 1, 2004 A MESSAGE FROM THE for not allowing education, income and PRESIDENT status to separate us. We honor these ladies for reminding us that we are all Dear Colleagues, cut from the same cultural cloth and we all have the same responsibility for This year, many Americans are continuing to knock down barriers which celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the have historically prevented the black historic decision of Brown v Board of community from receiving equal Education. Most importantly, we all treatment. Finally, we honor these will celebrate the heroic efforts of ladies for providing us with a forum to Thurgood Marshall and his team of cultivate change. attorneys. These individuals fought endlessly to ensure that blacks would be Yes, we pause today to celebrate given equal treatment in educational the many pioneers that have ensured that opportunities. However, this paramount we are properly equipped to continue the decision transformed society into an fight. arena of equal treatment in all public arenas. Robyn C. Scates, President 2003-2004 As America pauses to celebrate these individuals, the Alliance of Black LEGAL COMMUNITY MOURNS Women Attorneys pauses to honor and LOSS OF CHRISTANA celebrate the heroism of our founders. MARIA GUTIERREZ These women have forged a path to ensure that Black women attorneys have By Gus G. Sentementes a voice and that we stay connected to our Sun Staff community. They have taught us to Originally published January 31, 2004 never underestimate the community work that has brought us to these places Maria Cristina Gutierrez, a criminal of power. -
The Death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg: Initial Considerations for Congress
Legal Sidebari The Death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg: Initial Considerations for Congress September 21, 2020 On September 18, 2020, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the second woman to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States, passed away at the age of eighty-seven, vacating a seat on the High Court that she had held for twenty-seven years. Nominated to replace Justice Byron White in 1993, Justice Ginsburg already had a trailblazing career as a law school professor; Supreme Court litigator; co-founder of the American Civil Liberties Union’s Women’s Rights Project; and judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (D.C. Circuit) for thirteen years. Several of her opinions have been consequential, including her 1996 majority opinion in United States v. Virginia, holding that women could not be denied admission to the Virginia Military Institute on the basis of their sex. Justice Brett Kavanaugh said in a recent statement that “no American has ever done more than Justice Ginsburg to ensure equal justice under law for women.” Justice Ginsburg was also noted for her pointed dissents, including in Shelby County v. Holder (2013), where the Court struck down a key provision of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and in Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. (2007), where the Court rejected a Title VII employment discrimination claim. In more recent years, Justice Ginsburg gained recognition in popular culture, becoming known by the moniker “the notorious RBG.” She was the subject of books, movies, and an opera, and in 2015, was named one of Time magazine’s one hundred most influential people. -
Elena Kagan Can't Say That: the Sorry State of Public Discourse Regarding Constitutional Interpretation
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Washington University St. Louis: Open Scholarship Washington University Law Review Volume 88 Issue 2 2010 Elena Kagan Can't Say That: The Sorry State of Public Discourse Regarding Constitutional Interpretation Neil J. Kinkopf Georgia State University College of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, and the Judges Commons Recommended Citation Neil J. Kinkopf, Elena Kagan Can't Say That: The Sorry State of Public Discourse Regarding Constitutional Interpretation, 88 WASH. U. L. REV. 543 (2010). Available at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview/vol88/iss2/7 This Commentary is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University Law Review by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ELENA KAGAN CAN’T SAY THAT: THE SORRY STATE OF PUBLIC DISCOURSE REGARDING CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION NEIL J. KINKOPF MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES From: Ray L. Politik, Counsel to the President Re: Proposed Statement of Elena Kagan to the U.S. Senate, Committee on the Judiciary, on her nomination to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Date: June 2010 _______________________________________________________ I have reviewed the draft statement that Elena Kagan has proposed submitting to the Senate Judiciary Committee.1 In this statement, Dean Kagan seeks to educate the Judiciary Committee and the American people to think differently about the enterprise of constitutional interpretation. -
The Supreme Court and Its Shrinking Docket: the Ghost of William Howard Taft
University of Minnesota Law School Scholarship Repository Minnesota Law Review 2006 The uprS eme Court and Its Shrinking Docket: The Ghost of William Howard Taft Kenneth W. Starr Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/mlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Starr, Kenneth W., "The uS preme Court and Its Shrinking Docket: The Ghost of William Howard Taft" (2006). Minnesota Law Review. 32. https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/mlr/32 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Minnesota Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Minnesota Law Review collection by an authorized administrator of the Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARR_3FMT 05/17/2006 09:15:32 AM Essay The Supreme Court and Its Shrinking Docket: The Ghost of William Howard Taft Kenneth W. Starr† William Howard Taft genially served as the tenth Chief Justice of the United States.1 His career was of breathtaking variety. Younger even than current Solicitor General Paul Clement, the buoyant Solicitor General Taft delivered “speech” after “speech” in the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth cen- tury. Little did he suspect, one might safely surmise, that one day—after an intervening tour of duty as President of the United States—he would occupy the center chair itself and lis- ten to his successors (many times removed) delivering their “speeches” to the Court in the old English style. In those hal- cyon, or at least less hurried, days, lawyers were allowed abun- dant time to present their case, educate the Justices, and per- haps even persuade the Court by the force of oral advocacy.2 Those were also the days when the Court was duty-bound to decide the lion’s share of the cases that came before it.3 The † Dean, Pepperdine University School of Law. -
15 It Is Interesting to Note That the First Circuit Has Been Admired for Its
15 It is interesting to note that the first circuit has been admired for its amazing scarcity of dissents, due in no small part to Judge Breyer's ability to encourage people to empathize with each other and to teach people with disparate views to find new ways to agree. I am confident that it is this ability that has gained him the back- ing of liberals and conservatives alike, not because he is a centrist or a moderate, which may prove to be inaccurate, but because he has an enormous intellectual honesty and because he is fair. Colleagues, litigants, students, and clerks uniformly agree that Judge Breyer never wraps his ego into an issue, he never elevates politics over principle, and he has earned his reputation as a skilled jurist by being openminded and sensitive to detail. So I am confident, Mr. Chairman, that the committee will overwhelmingly agree, and I could not more strongly recommend Judge Stephen Breyer for your confirmation. The CHAIRMAN. Thank you very much. Now we will hear from a distinguished member of this commit- tee, Senator Feinstein. OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. DIANNE FEINSTEIN, A U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA Senator FEINSTEIN. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman and members of the committee. As one of the newer members on this committee, it, indeed, has been a great, I think, and unique experi- ence to sit on my first confirmation to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and now to go through these hearings for Judge Stephen Breyer. -
Mcleod Bethune Papers: the Bethune Foundation Collection Part 2: Correspondence Files, 1914–1955
A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier BethuneBethuneMaryMary McLeod PAPERS THE BETHUNE FOUNDATION COLLECTION PART 2: CORRESPONDENCE FILES, 19141955 UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier Mary McLeod Bethune Papers: The Bethune Foundation Collection Part 2: Correspondence Files, 1914–1955 Editorial Adviser Elaine Smith Alabama State University Project Coordinator Randolph H. Boehm Guide Compiled by Daniel Lewis A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bethune, Mary McLeod, 1875–1955. Mary McLeod Bethune papers [microform] : the Bethune Foundation collection microfilm reels. : 35 mm. — (Black studies research sources) Contents: pt. 1. Writings, diaries, scrapbooks, biographical materials, and files on the National Youth Administration and women’s organizations, 1918–1955. pt. 2. Correspondence Files, 1914–1955. / editorial adviser, Elaine M. Smith: project coordinator, Randolph H. Boehm. Accompanied by printed guide with title: A guide to the microfilm edition of Mary McLeod Bethune papers. ISBN 1-55655-663-2 1. Bethune, Mary McLeod, 1875–1955—Archives. 2. Afro-American women— Education—Florida—History—Sources. 3. United States. National Youth Administration—History—Sources. 4. National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs (U.S.)—History—Sources. 5. National Council of Negro Women— History—Sources. 6. Bethune-Cookman College (Daytona Beach, Fla.)—History— Sources. -
Speaker Biographies
Speaker Biographies Courtney Anderson ’06 Courtney Anderson graduated with a JD from Harvard Law School in 2006 and an LLM from Georgetown University Law Center in 2012. She practiced real estate law at Sidley Austin LLP in Chicago for four years before beginning a two-year clinical fellowship at GULC in affordable housing and community development. She is currently a law professor at Georgia State University College of Law and teaches property, health law and poverty law courses and is affiliated faculty at the Georgia State University School of Public Health. Courtney Anderson is the owner of Vibe Ride, a boutique fitness studio located in the Midtown neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia. Vibe Ride is a start-up company founded in 2014, and is a women and minority owned business that specializes in indoor cycling. Afia Asamoah ’05 Afia Asamoah is Senior Product Counsel at Verily Life Sciences, formerly Google Life Sciences. She leads the legal, compliance, and regulatory affairs teams responsible for advising all health-related products developed at Verily. She was the first lawyer hired by the Google[x] life sciences team and was the sole lawyer advising on FDA matters across Google. Previously, Afia was a regulatory attorney at Covington & Burling LLP, where she advised on a range of healthcare regulatory and compliance issues. From 2009-2011, Ms. Asamoah was also a Special Assistant in the Office of the Commissioner at the US Food and Drug Administration, where she received four awards, including the FDA Commissioner’s Special Citation. In addition to her Harvard Law education, Afia holds a Masters of Public Policy from the John F. -
Constance Baker Motley
THE HONORABLE CONSTANCE BAKER MOTLEY The Honorable Constance Baker Motley is an extraordinary person, and one of the noteworthy and surprising facts about her is how little has been written about her life and work. If, after this presentation, you are interested in learning more about her, you might read her autobiography, Equal Justice Under Law,1 and you might watch a videotape of a 1988 interview of her conducted by Alfred Aman, Professor and former dean at the Indiana University School of Law at Bloomington.2 Our library can secure the videotape for you through interlibrary loan. The bibliography lists other materials relevant to her life and work. Here are several striking facts about Constance Baker Motley, any one of which would make her worthy of serious study. She was the fifth woman, and the first Black woman, appointed to the federal bench.3 She served for almost twenty years, from 1946 to 1964, as staff attorney with the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc., and was part of the "inner circle" responsible for Brown v. Board of Education, a case that many consider to be the most important of the twentieth century.4 She represented James Meredith in his successful attempt to integrate the University of Mississippi, integration that was accomplished only with the 1Constance Baker Motley, Equal Justice Under the Law (1998). 2An interview with Judge Constance Baker Motley conducted by Alfred C. Aman (1988). 3Linn Washington, Black Judges on Justice (1995), p. 760. 4Michael J. Klarman, From Jim Crow to Civil Rights: The Supreme Court and the Struggle for Racial Equality, (2004), p.