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Jelajah Sejarah Rupiah VOLUME XV / NO. 157/ OKTOBER 2020 EDISI KHUSUS JELAJAH SEJARAH RUPIAH Sebelum seperti sekarang, mata uang Indonesia telah mengalami perjalanan panjang dan berliku. Rupiah tak hanya jadi alat pembayaran. Ia juga ditempatkan sebagai simbol kedaulatan. Bangsa Indonesia patut berbangga mempunyai mata uang sendiri sebagai pemersatu bangsa. PB MEDIAKEUANGAN VOL. XV / NO. 157 / OKTOBER 1 ISSN 1907-6320 Daftar Isi 9 12 15 20 23 28 31 36 39 42 DARI LAPANGAN BANTENG EKSPOSUR Diterbitkan oleh: Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Keuangan. Pelindung: Menteri Keuangan Sri Mulyani Indrawati. Pengarah: Wakil Menteri Keuangan Suahasil Nazara. Penanggung Jawab: LAPORAN UTAMA Sekretaris Jenderal Kementerian Keuangan Hadiyanto. Pemimpin Umum: 9 Merentang Sejarah Uang 34 Infografik Kepala Biro Komunikasi dan Layanan Informasi Rahayu Puspasari. Pemimpin Redaksi: 12 Uang Invasi Jepang 36 Riwayat Uang RIS Kabag Manajemen Publikasi, Rahmat Widiana. Redaktur Pelaksana: Kasubbag Publikasi 15 Lahirnya Uang Putih Cetak Yani Kurnia A. Dewan Redaksi: Ferry Gunawan, Dianita Suliastuti, Titi Susanti, Budi 39 Garis Hidup Maramis Sulistyo, Pilar Wiratoma, Purwo Widiarto, Muchamad Maltazam, Alit Ayu Meinarsari, Teguh 18 Infografik 42 Menghapus Warisan Warsito, Hadi Surono, Budi Prayitno, Budi Sulistiyo. Tim Redaksi: Reni Saptati D.I, Danik 20 Dari Kopi Sampai ORI Kolonial Setyowati, Abdul Aziz, Dara Haspramudilla, Dimach Oktaviansyah Karunia Putra, A. Wirananda, 23 Menahan Laju Uang Merah CS. Purwowidhu Widayanti, Rostamaji, Adik Tejo Waskito, Arif Nur Rokhman, Ferdian Jati 28 Mengenal Oeang Republik Permana, Andi Abdurrochim, Muhammad Fabhi Riendi, Leila Rizki Niwanda, Kurnia Fitri BUKU Anidya, Buana Budianto Putri, Muhammad Irfan, Arimbi Putri, Nur Iman, Berliana, Hega Susilo, Indonesia Daerah ORIDA 42 Organisasi Kementerian Ika Luthfi Alzuhri, Irfan Bayu Redaktur Foto: Anas Nur Huda, Resha Aditya Pratama, Andi Al 31 Berbeda-Beda Tetap Satu Keuangan dari Masa ke Hakim, Arief Kuswanadji, Intan Nur Shabrina, Ichsan Atmaja, Megan Nandia, Sugeng Wistriono, Juang Masa Rezky Ramadhani, Arif Taufiq Nugroho. Desain Grafis dan Layout: Venggi Obdi Ovisa, Ditto Novenska Alamat Redaksi: Gedung Djuanda 1 Lantai 9, Jl. Dr. Wahidin Raya No. 1, Jakarta Redaksi menerima kontribusi tulisan dan artikel yang sesuai dengan Telp: (021) 3849605, 3449230 pst. 6328/6330. E-mail: [email protected]. misi penerbitan. Redaksi berhak mengubah isi tulisan tanpa mengubah maksud dan substansi. Bagi tulisan atau artikel yang dimuat akan majalahmediakeuangan mendapatkan imbalan sepantasnya. 2 MEDIAKEUANGAN VOL. XV / NO. 157 / OKTOBER 3 Dari Lapangan Banteng Perjalanan Panjang Kedaulatan Negeri angan Sekali-kali kami lalui dengan proses riset dan berdaulat dengan penggunaan satu Meninggalkan Sejarah’. pengumpulan data. Dalam proses mata uang yaitu Rupiah. Dengan Judul pidato terakhir ini, tim redaksi dibantu oleh tim kesadaran bahwa negara Indonesia Presiden RI Ir. Sukarno redaksi Historia yang dikenal sudah telah merdeka dan mempunyai pada Hari Ulang Tahun RI berpengalaman dalam menyusun artikel pemerintahan sendiri, masyarakat ‘Jdi tahun 1966 tersebut sudah tidak asing sejarah. Tantangan penyusunan edisi juga mendukung kedaulatan dengan lagi bagi masyarakat. Bahkan, singkatan khusus ini dimulai dari penentuan menggunakan Rupiah sebagai ‘Jasmerah’ seringkali digunakan untuk pembabakan dan metode pengumpulan alat tukar meski pada saat awal mengingatkan kita pada pentingnya data yang dilakukan di tengah-tengah kemerdekaan hal ini dapat mengancam mempelajari sejarah. Dalam peringatan situasi pandemi. nyawa mereka. Hari Oeang ke-74 yang jatuh pada Dari fakta sejarah, kita tahu bahwa Semoga dalam peringatan Hari tanggal 30 Oktober 2020, Media setelah deklarasi kemerdekaan Negara Oeang Republik Indonesia ke-74 ini Keuangan kembali mengusung tema Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) kita dapat meneladani semangat sejarah sebagai isi tulisan dan artikel pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1945, kedaulatan perjuangan bangsa untuk mewujudkan majalah. Pada bulan spesial ini, sejarah negeri masih terus terancam oleh kedaulatan dan persatuan bangsa di perjalanan panjang kedaulatan mata penjajah dan kedaulatan ekonomi juga tengah cobaan. Sama halnya dengan uang Rupiah dan kisah awal institusi mengalami banyak sekali tantangan saat ini, saat bangsa Indonesia masih Kementerian Keuangan menjadi tema mulai dari penggunaan berbagai jenis harus berjuang untuk menghadapi laporan kami. mata uang dan institusi keuangan dan pandemi COVID-19 dan pemulihan Meski disusun dalam situasi luar moneter yang belum stabil dan masih ekonomi, semoga semangat bahu biasa karena badai pandemi COVID-19 terus diintervensi pihak luar. Namun, membahu dan tak kenal lelah tetap yang sudah setengah tahun melanda berkat gotong royong penduduk terus dilakukan. negeri kita dan masih juga belum dan inisiatif dari para tokoh bangsa, usai, penyusunan edisi Oktober tetap Indonesia akhirnya bisa benar-benar Selamat membaca! Rahayu Puspasari Kepala Biro Komunikasi dan Layanan Informasi Sekretariat Jenderal Kemenkeu 4 MEDIAKEUANGAN VOL. XV / NO. 157 / OKTOBER 5 Laporan Utama Teks Resha Aditya P | Foto ANRI Land Drukkerj Tanah percetakan atau "Land Drukkerij", itulah sebutannya sebelum berubah nama menjadi Percetakan Republik Indonesia (PRI) Tahun 1945. Percetakan yang telah berdiri sejak zaman pemerintah Belanda tahun 1809 ini, memiliki tugas untuk mencetak dokumen-dokumen negara berupa berita negara dan lembaran negara. Selain itu, pada awal kemerdekaan, PRI juga mendapatkan tugas untuk mencetak ORI (Oeang Republik Indonesia). Dalam perjalanan sejarahnya, PRI mengalami beberapa kali perubahan nama sampai sekarang berubah nama menjadi Perum Percetakan Negara Republik Indonesia. 6 MEDIAKEUANGAN VOL. XV / NO. 157 / OKTOBER 7 Laporan Utama Teks Hendari F. Isnaeni Merentang Sejarah Uang Uang telah digunakan di Nusantara sejak zaman kuno. Butuh waktu lama untuk menyatukan mata uang. asihkah Anda paling menakjubkan,” tulis Solikin dalam garis berbentuk persegi empat. membawa uang di dan Suseno dalam Uang: Pengertian, “Menurut Candra Sengkala Memet, dompet? Dalam Penciptaan dan Peranannya dalam bahwa gambar-gambar tersebut beberapa tahun Perekonomian. mempunyai arti sebagai berikut: pot M terakhir, pertumbuhan Pada awalnya, uang berfungsi bunga berarti 9, bunga berarti enam uang kartal (kertas dan logam) sebagai alat penukar atau pembayaran. dan ruang asap berarti 5. Dari angka- mengalami penurunan. Perkembangan Seiring perkembangan peradaban angka itu, diperkirakan mata uang ini teknologi mendorong masyarakat untuk manusia, uang juga berfungsi sebagai digunakan sebagai alat tukar sekitar memilih uang elektronik. Evolusi uang alat penyimpan nilai, satuan hitung, dan tahun 569 [Saka] atau tahun 647 AD tengah berlangsung. ukuran pembayaran yang tertunda. (Masehi),” demikian disebut dalam Jauh sebelum mengenal uang, Tampilan uang pun terus mengalami Katalog Pameran Peringatan Ulang manusia melakukan barter atau evolusi. Dari awalnya berbentuk Tahun Ke-200 Museum Pusat. pertukaran barang atau jasa untuk barter, kemudian ke kulit kerang, koin, Uang logam perak itu menjadi bukti barang dan jasa yang diinginkan. Praktik kertas, plastik, dan kini dalam bentuk tertua penggunaan uang di Jawa. Selain barter telah dimulai sejak puluhan ribu elektronik. Lalu bagaimana nasib uang mata uang perak, menurut arkeolog tahun lalu. Namun tak mudah untuk kartal? Akankah uang punah dan hanya Supratikno Rahardjo dalam Peradaban meraih kesepakatan mengenai nilai menjadi pelengkap museum? Jawa, ditemukan juga mata uang emas. pertukarannya. Timbullah kebutuhan Sebelum hal itu terjadi, tak ada Paling awal berbentuk batangan, akan adanya suatu alat penukar. salahnya kita mengenal sejarah uang di jumlahnya sedikit, dan ukurannya tidak Selama berabad-abad berbagai Indonesia. tentu baik bentuk maupun berat. Ini benda dipakai sebagai alat pertukaran mengindikasikan mata uang itu tak atau alat pembayaran seperti kulit Bukti tertua digunakan secara umum sebagai alat kerang, batu permata, gading, telur, Museum Nasional memiliki koleksi tukar. garam, beras, binatang ternak, dua uang logam (no. inv. 2087 dan no. Sebagian besar mata uang emas atau benda-benda lainnya. Dalam inv. 2119) dari zaman Hindu-Buddha di yang ditemukan di Jawa Tengah berasal Suasana perkembangan selanjutnya masyarakat Jawa yang terbuat dari perak. Bentuknya dari abad ke-9 dan ke-10 dan termasuk pasar di Jawa Tengah menggunakan benda-benda seperti cembung, sisi depan bergambar pot tipe piloncito (ukurannya kecil, gepeng logam dan kertas sebagai uang. bunga, dua tangkai bunga, dan garis- seperti dadu dengan sudut-sudut “Uang telah digunakan sejak garis lekuk sekitarnya seperti ruang- membulat). Foto berabad-abad yang lalu dan merupakan asap. Sedangkan pada sisi belakang “Mengingat mata uang Jawa pada Perpusnas salah satu penemuan manusia yang terdapat bunga lotus mekar terletak di masa awal menggunakan logam-logam 8 MEDIAKEUANGAN VOL. XV / NO. 157 / OKTOBER 9 dengan Tiongkok menurun sekitar VOC membuat uang darurat dari “Gulden, simbol kekuasaan ekonomi Masyarakat tanpa uang tahun 1500. “Bagaimanapun mata potongan-potongan batang tembaga Eropa yang terus meningkat, sedikit Era digital mendorong penggunaan uang tembaga Cina dan mata uang berbentuk segi empat yang dicetak di demi sedikit menjadi uang yang harus uang elektronik. Pemerintah juga tak timah tiruannya telah menjadi dasar Batavia. Uang ini disebut bonk. digunakan di seluruh Nusantara,” tulis berpangku tangan. Bahkan mendorong penggunaan mata uang di Asia Tenggara
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