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Çankaya University Graduate School of Social Science

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Çankaya University Graduate School of Social Science ÇANKAYA UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND FINANCE MASTER’S THESIS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TURKEY’S OLIVE OIL EXPORT INCOME AND ECONOMIC GROWTH FIGURES: OLIVE OIL SECTOR PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS PROPOSALS IN TURKEY SİNAN CAN ALTUNTAŞ SEPTEMBER 2018 iii ABSTRACT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TURKEY‟S OLIVE OIL EXPORT INCOME AND ECONOMIC GROWTH FIGURES: OLIVE OIL SECTOR PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS PROPOSALS IN TURKEY ALTUNTAġ, SĠNAN CAN M.Sc. International Trade and Finance Thesis Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Dilek TEMĠZ DĠNÇ September 2018, 172 Page The purpose of this study is to provide information about the agricultural product sector and the olive and olive oil products sector. Also the main purpose of this study is the demonstration of relationship between Turkey‟s olive oil export income and economic growth figures. This relationship is examined by using the quarterly data in between 1999:Q1 and 2017:Q1. In addition another aim is to find solutions on the existing problems and to provide recommendations about the sector. For people who to continue their lives must consume processed and unprocessed foodstuffs derived from agricultural, vegetal and animal products. Due to the diversity of geographical shapes in the World, different climate types are formed. Naturally this different type of climate enables the cultivation of various agricultural, herbal and animal products. Some of consumer products provide to meet people‟s needs and they are cultivated or grown in many countries of the world; but some of them are cultivated or grown in limited geographical areas. An example of iv this situation is the olive crop, which has the potential to grow only where Mediterranean climate features dominate. Olive and olive oil are the products that are produced, consumed and traded by since long years. Olive and olive oil, one of the symbolic products of the Mediterranean climate, are increasing own importance every day because of its positive effects on human health. The increasing importance of the olive and olive oil sector in the world that is economically important for the countries and companies which produce and trade these products. Spain, Italy, Greece which are members of the European Union (EU), have a high share in the world table olive and olive oil sector. Also Turkey is one of the important countries in the world‟s olive and olive oil sector. Turkey‟s table olive and olive oil sector has a potential returns in terms of economics and employment. Despite that, this sector has some production and commercial problems. The public or state institutions and private sectors continue to work on resolving these problems. Turkey‟s 2023 commercial target has also table olive and olive oil sector. Its aim is 3.8 billion USD as revenue from exports of these products. In order to increase the economic growth figures in our country, it is necessary for the institutions and enterprises that are operating on the commercial field to increase the production amounts and then the export revenues. Olive oil products contribute to Turkey's economy with net export revenues. Because of some reason, olive oil activity area is assessing the scope of this thesis. Keywords: Table Olive, Olive Oil, Economic Growth, Export, Turkey. v ÖZET TÜRKĠYE‟DE ZEYTĠNYAĞI ĠHRACATI GELĠRLERĠ VE EKONOMĠK BÜYÜME RAKAMLARI ARASINDAKĠ ĠLĠġKĠ: SEKTÖRDEKĠ PROBLEMLER VE ÇÖZÜM ÖNERĠLERI ALTUNTAġ, SĠNAN CAN Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman, Yüksek Lisans Tezi (M.Sc.) DanıĢman: Doç. Dr. Dilek TEMĠZ DĠNÇ Eylül 2018, 172 Sayfa Bu çalıĢmanın amacı; tarım ürünleri sektörü, zeytin ve zeytinyağı ürünleri sektörü hakkında bilgi vermektir. Ayrıca, Türkiye‟ nin zeytinyağı ihracat gelirleri ve ekonomik büyüme rakamları arasındaki iliĢkinin analizinin gerçekleĢtirilmesi temel amacımızdır. AraĢtırması ve ekonometrik analizi yapılan bu konuda zaman aralığı olarak 1999:Q1-2017:Q1 dönemi ele alınmıĢtır. Bu duruma ek olarak, sektörde yaĢanan problemlerin belirlenmesi, bu problemlere çözüm oluĢturulması ve üzerinde çalıĢılmıĢ olan sektörlere yönlik önerilerde bulunulması çalıĢmanın diğer hedefleri arasındadır. Ġnsanlar yaĢamlarına devam edebilmesi için tarımsal, bitkisel ve hayvansal ürünlerden elde edilen iĢlenmiĢ ve iĢlenmemiĢ besin maddelerini tüketmesi gerekmektedir. Dünyadaki coğrafi Ģekillerin çeĢitlilik göstermesi dolayısıyla farklı iklim tipleri oluĢmakta bu durum ise değiĢik tarımsal, bitkisel ve hayvansal ürünlerin yetiĢtirilmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Ġnsanların ihtiyacını karĢılayan bazı tüketim ürünleri dünyanın birçok ülkesinde yetiĢirken bazıları ise vi kısıtlı bir coğrafi alanda yetiĢme imkânı bulabilmektedir. Sadece Akdeniz iklim özelliklerinin egemen olduğu yerlerde yetiĢebilme imkânı bulan zeytin ürünü de bu duruma örnek olarak gösterilebilir. Zeytin ve zeytinin iĢlenmiĢ hali olan zeytinyağı geçmiĢten günümüze kadar uzun yıllardır üretimi, tüketimi ve ticareti yapılan ürünlerin baĢında gelmektedir. Akdeniz iklimini sembolize eden bitkisel ürünlerden olan zeytin ve zeytinyağı insan sağlığına olumlu etkileri dolayısıyla önemini her geçen gün arttırmaktadır. Dünyada zeytin ve zeytinyağı sektörünün öneminin artması bu ürünleri üreten ve ticaretini yapan ülkeler ve firmalar için ekonomik açıdan önem arz etmektedir. Avrupa Birliğine mensup ülkelerden olan Ġspanya, Ġtalya, Yunanistan Dünya zeytin ve zeytinyağı sektöründen yüksek oranda pay almaktadır. Türkiye‟de bu sektörde kendinden söz ettiren önemli ülkelerdendir. Türkiye açısından zeytin ve zeytinyağı sektörü ekonomik getiri potansiyeline sahip iĢ alanlarındandır. Zeytin ve zeytinyağı sektöründe üretim ve ticari konularda problemler yaĢanmaktadır. Bu problemlerin çözüme kavuĢturulması için hem kamu hem özel kesim çalıĢmalarını sürdürmektedir. Türkiye‟nin 2023 yılı ticari hedefleri arasında zeytin ve zeytinyağı sektörü de bulunmakta ve bu ürünlerin ihracatından 3,8 milyar Amerikan Doları gelir elde edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Ülkemizde ekonomik büyüme rakamlarının artıĢ gösterebilmesi için ticari alanda faaliyet gösteren kurum ve iĢletmelerin üretim ve akabinde ihracat gelirlerini arttırması gerekmektedir. Türkiye‟nin ekonomisine ihracat gelirleri ile pozitif etki yaratmakta olan zeytinyağı ürünü de bu tez kapsamında değerlendirmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Zeytin, Zeytinyağı, Ekonomik Büyüme, Ġhracat, Türkiye. vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I kindly present my thanks to my valuable thesis consultant Associate Professor Doctor Dilek TEMĠZ DĠNÇ who approached to me with patience from the beginning till the end of my thesis, who did not spare her help and who was with me with his knowledge and experience. I endlessly thank to my dear wife Attorney Alev KOÇ ALTUNTAġ who patiently waited for my thesis to finish and who obdurately helped me and whom I want to be with me through all my life. And of course I thank too much to my dear family who gave me all material and moral supports. Also, i thank to my colleague Instructor Tugay ÜSTÜN who helped me when i prepared this thesis. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF NON-PLAGIARISM .............. Hata! Yer iĢareti tanımlanmamıĢ. ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... iv ÖZET .......................................................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................... viii TABLE OF TABLES ............................................................................................... xii TABLE OF FIGURE .............................................................................................. xiv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................. xv INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER I ................................................................................................................ 5 ONE OF THE IMPORTANT SECTORS WHICH AFFECT THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF TURKEY: AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS SECTOR .............. 5 1.1 The World‟s Agricultural Products Sector ..................................................................... 5 1.1.1 Agricultural Production in the World ..................................................................... 7 1.1.2 Economic Structure of the World Agriculture Sector and Foreign Trade .............. 9 1.2 The Effects of Multilateral Commercial Agreements on the World Agricultural Sector ........................................................................................................................................... 14 1.3 The Leader Countries in the World Agriculture Sector ............................................... 16 1.3.1 International Organizations Operates in the World Agricultural Sector ............... 16 1.3.2 International Companies Operates in the World Agricultural Sector ................... 17 1.4 The Foreign Trade Problems in the World Agricultural Sector ................................... 18 1.5 Agricultural Products Sector in Turkey ....................................................................... 19 1.5.1 Developments in the Field of Agriculture after 1980s in Turkey ......................... 22 1.6 The European Union's Common Agricultural Policy‟s (CAP) Importance for Turkey23 1.7 Agricultural Production in Turkey ............................................................................... 24 1.8 Components of Agricultural Products
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