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Volume 64, Issue 2, April 2020 Published by Johnson Matthey © Copyright 2020 Johnson Matthey ISSN 2056-5135 Johnson Matthey’s international journal of research exploring science and technology in industrial applications Volume 64, Issue 2, April 2020 Published by Johnson Matthey www.technology.matthey.com © Copyright 2020 Johnson Matthey Johnson Matthey Technology Review is published by Johnson Matthey Plc. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. You may share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any lawful purpose. You must give appropriate credit to the author and publisher. You may not use the material for commercial purposes without prior permission. You may not distribute modifi ed material without prior permission. The rights of users under exceptions and limitations, such as fair use and fair dealing, are not aff ected by the CC licenses. www.technology.matthey.com www.technology.matthey.com Johnson Matthey’s international journal of research exploring science and technology in industrial applications Contents Volume 64, Issue 2, April 2020 101 Guest Editorial: The Importance of Interdisciplinary Science: When Chemistry Needs Physics By Andrew Smith 103 Ab initio Structure Prediction Methods for Battery Materials By Angela F. Harper, Matthew L. Evans, James P. Darby, Bora Karasulu, Can P. Koçer, Joseph R. Nelson and Andrew J. Morris 119 Autothermal Fixed Bed Updraft Gasification of Olive Pomace Biomass and Renewable Energy Generation via Organic Rankine Cycle Turbine By Murat Dogru and Ahmet Erdem 135 In the Lab: Targeting Industry-Compatible Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Materials Featuring Niall McEvoy 138 Plasma Catalysis: A Review of the Interdisciplinary Challenges Faced By Peter Hinde, Vladimir Demidyuk, Alkis Gkelios and Carl Tipton 148 Nanosurfaces 2019 A conference review by Alistair Kean and Sara Coles 152 Observing Solvent Dynamics in Porous Carbons by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance By Luca Cervini, Nathan Barrow and John Griffin 165 Insights into Automotive Particulate Filters using Magnetic Resonance Imaging By J. D. Cooper, N. P. Ramskill, A. J. Sederman, L. F. Gladden, A. Tsolakis, E. H. Stitt and A. P. E. York 180 Manufacturing and Characterisation of Robot Assisted Microplasma Multilayer Coating of Titanium Implants By D. Alontseva, E. Ghassemieh, S. Voinarovych, O. Kyslytsia, Y. Polovetskyi, N. Prokhorenkova and A. Kadyroldina 192 EuropaCat 2019 A conference review by Andrew Richardson and Katie Smart 197 “Solid-State NMR in Zeolite Catalysis” A book review by Shingo Watanabe 199 Johnson Matthey Highlights 202 A Short Review on Properties and Applications of Zinc Oxide Based Thin Films and Devices By Sumit Vyas 219 Advances in Cold Sintering By Jessica Andrews, Daniel Button and Ian M. Reaney https://doi.org/10.1595/205651320X15828914551601 Johnson Matthey Technol. Rev., 2020, 64, (2), 101–102 www.technology.matthey.com Guest Editorial The Importance of Interdisciplinary Science: When Chemistry Needs Physics Introduction mapping how we apply these capabilities to provide customer solutions into our existing markets (pink Johnson Matthey has over 200 years of history, text) or where they may be aligned with global creating sustainable technologies, shaped around drivers and world challenges. Such techniques customers’ needs. Our ambition is to research, can be a valuable tool to help discuss and identify develop and innovate solutions to make the opportunities and needs for an organisation. world cleaner and healthier, today and for future Two areas increasingly dependent on capabilities generations. Much of the underpinning science bridging chemistry and physics are characterisation behind these technologies relies on a knowledge of and modelling of materials and processes and the chemistry and its application. Like most successful development of functional surfaces and coatings. organisations, Johnson Matthey reflects on the These topics feature heavily in this edition of the scientific capabilities that are key to developing these Johnson Matthey Technology Review. For Johnson solutions today but also looks to the future to plan Matthey, characterisation and modelling are key which capabilities will be required to meet future capabilities to help develop new technology. challenges and opportunities. Much of this learning comes from external insight by looking at what is Characterisation, Modelling, Coatings happening both within the markets and scientific and Surfaces disciplines we are familiar with but also in parallel disciplines. Today, our core scientific capabilities can Characterisation provides insights into composition, be grouped into nine key areas covering catalysis, structure and property-performance relationships characterisation and modelling, chemical synthesis, at all length scales. The latter includes in situ materials design and engineering, electrochemistry, and operando analysis, which is important to platinum group metal and specialist metallurgy, understanding how materials may respond in their process optimisation, product formulation, surface intended application. chemistry and coatings. Pulling these together Modelling also encompasses all length scales forms a powerful toolbox to develop solutions for and includes statistical, empirical and physical our customers’ needs. models. Modelling has been used for a long time in When looking beyond these capabilities, one useful chemical engineering to design reactors, systems ‘lens’ to look through is the overlap between scientific and processes. Examples include designing a new disciplines. For Johnson Matthey this might be to reactor for a chemical reaction, an aftertreatment look at the interface between chemistry, one of our system for a vehicle or a process flow sheet for key underpinning strengths, and other sciences. recycling waste materials. More recently, advances For example, the interface between chemistry in modelling are permitting chemists to be and physics; chemistry and biology or with more predictive, to be able to design materials, other enablers such as the digital transformation reactions and their performance with far fewer that is enabling different ways of exploring experiments. For example, in this edition, the science. Following this premise, Johnson Matthey need for computational modelling methods to Technology Review has devoted this issue to focus replace incremental experimental development to on physics and a future edition will look at biology. meet the need to design complex new advanced Figure 1 shows how Johnson Matthey’s core materials is explained (1). science capabilities today may overlap with physics The application of nuclear magnetic resonance and biology. Further insights can then be drawn by (NMR) to characterising activated carbons leads 101 © 2020 Johnson Matthey https://doi.org/10.1595/205651320X15828914551601 Johnson Matthey Technol. Rev., 2020, 64, (2) Fig. 1. Johnson Matthey’s research and development (R&D) drivers and core capabilities to insights into kinetic exchange of solvent areas such as sensing, electronics and renewable molecules (2). The technique makes use of the energy are explored within this edition (3, 4). magnetic shielding properties of the carbon structure to give insights into molecular level Summary mechanisms which can give information to the chemist about where adsorbed species are in the Looking forward, global drivers such as climate material’s structure. These techniques enable the change, the energy transition, population growth industrial chemist to gain a better understanding and longevity and resource challenges will of the materials being used which leads to faster drive the need for new technologies in areas development and better understood technology. such as more sustainable products, low carbon Equally important is the fundamental understanding operations, clean energy and improved health and of new materials and their properties both at the medical care. To meet these challenges chemists atomic and molecular scales which in time can lead will increasingly need to reach out to adjacent to advances in existing or new technology. disciplines to develop innovative solutions. In this Coatings and surface properties is another area edition of Johnson Matthey Technology Review, at the interface of chemistry and physics. Johnson we welcome you to look at some of the advances Matthey has many examples of products which in physics and explore how they are being used to rely on the functionality of particles deposited onto drive forward R&D. a surface. Examples include precious and base metal catalysts, advanced energy materials and ANDREW SMITH medical components. As the coating thickness Johnson Matthey, Blounts Court, Sonning reduces from micron to atomic, the chemist’s Common, Reading, RG4 9NH, UK traditional toolbox to deposit layers of formulated Email: [email protected] slurries, pastes and inks changes towards different deposition techniques such as chemical vapour References deposition (CVD) and physical vapour deposition (PVD). The ability to design and deposit functional 1. A. F. Harper, M. L. Evans, J. P. Darby, B. Karasulu, C. P. Koçer, J. R. Nelson and A. J. Morris, Johnson particles of a controlled size and shape onto a Matthey Technol. Rev., 64, (2), 103 surface can find application in many disciplines 2. L. Cervini, N. Barrow and J. Griffin, Johnson such as transparent or reflective coatings, Matthey Technol. Rev., 64, (2), 152 semiconductor devices, energy harvesting and 3. A. Kean and S. Coles, Johnson Matthey Technol. sensing.
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