PAL Programmable Logic Devices
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COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS Combinational Plds Basic Configuration of Three Plds (Programmable Logic Devices)
COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS Combinational PLDs Basic Configuration of three PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices) Boolean variables Fixed Programmable INPUTS AND array OUTPUTS OR array (decoder) Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM) Programmable INPUTS Fixed OUTPUTS AND array OR array Programmable Array Logic (PAL) Programmable INPUTS Programmable AND array OR array OUTPUTS (Field) Programmable Logic Array (PLA) 1 ©Loberg COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS Combinational PLDs Two-level AND-OR Arrays (Programmable Logic Devices) F (C,B, A) = CBA + CB A A AND B + V B C A C B F C F AND F + V 1 B OR C Multiple functions Simplified equivalent circuit for two-level AND-OR array 2 ©Loberg COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS Combinational PLDs Field-programmable AND and OR Arrays (Programmable Logic Devices) Field-programmable logic elements are devices that contain uncommitted AND/OR arrays that are (programmed) configured by the designer. + V + V A A F (C,B, A) F (C,B, A) = CBA B B C C Unprogrammed AND array Fuse can be "blown" by passing a high current through it. 3 ©Loberg COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS Combinational PLDs Field-programmable AND and OR Arrays (Programmable Logic Devices) F (P1 ,P2 ,P3 ) = P1 + P3 P1 P1 P2 P2 P3 P3 F F (P1 ,P2 ,P3 ) Unprogrammed OR array Programmed OR array P1 P2 P3 P1 + P3 4 ©Loberg COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS Combinational PLDs Output Polarity Options (Programmable Logic Devices) I1 Ik Active high Active low Complementary outputs Programmable polarity P P 1 m + V 5 ©Loberg COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS Combinational PLDs Bidirectional Pins and Feed back Lines (Programmable Logic Devices) I1 Ik Feedback IOm Three-state driver 6 ©Loberg COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS Combinational PLDs PLA (Programmable Logic Array) (Programmable Logic Devices) If we use ROM to implement the Boolean function we will waste the silicon area. -
Development of a Programmable Array Logic
i DEVELOPMENT OF A PROGRAMMABLE ARRAY LOGIC PROGRAMMER USING A HOME COMPUTER by GERT DANIEL JORDAAN Dissertation submitted in compliance with the requirements for the MASTER'S DIPLOMA in TECHNOLOGY in the Department of Electronics at the TECHNIKON O. F . S . OCTOBER, 1988. Supervisor: Prof. F.W. Bruwer Co-supervisor: Mr. B. de Witt © Central University of Technology, Free State ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the following persons without whose help this project could hardly have been completed: The supervisor, prof. F.W. Bruwer, and co-supervisor, mr. 8. de Witt, for help and guidance during the course of the project. Mr. H.F. Coetzer for technical as well as philolog ical assistance. It is really appreciated that time could be found in his very full schedule, for this assistance. Dr. C.A.J. van Rensburg for his per_onal interest in the research project and for continuous encouragement and help. Dr. J. van der Mer-we for his assistance - in particular with respect to the registration and other administrative aspects of the project. / Miss M. du Toit who was largely responsible for the word processing. For the guidance provided by my parents and the opportuni- ties which they afforded me. My children, Tania, Johan, Madelie and Lourens,. whose main contribution was to have to forego much of my attention and time for such a long period. Last, but not least, my wife, Christa, for her encouragement and understanding. © Central University of Technology,ii Free State CONTENTS PAGE Cilapter 1 1 Intr--oduc tion 1.1 Recent Trends in Electronics 1 1.2 Problem Investigated 1 1.3 Development of PAL Programmer 3 1.3.1 Generation of Fuse Map 3 1.3.2 Programming of Programmable Array Logic 3 Devices 1 . -
MACABEL ABEL for the APPLE MACINTOSH Nor IIX WORKSTATION A/UX VERSION
SPECIFICATIONS MACABEL ABEL FOR THE APPLE MACINTOSH nOR IIX WORKSTATION A/UX VERSION GENERAL DESCRIPTION ABEL.'" the industry standard PLD design software, is now available on the Apple Macintosh® II or IIx workstation. MacABEL allows you to take advantage of the personal productivity features of the Macintosh to easily describe and implement logic designs in programmable logic devices (PLDs) and PROMs. Like ABEL Version 3.0 for other popular workstations, MacABEL combines a natural high-level design language with a language processor that converts logic descriptions to programmer load files. These files contain the required information to program and test PLDs. MacABEL allows you to describe your design in any combi nation of Boolean equations, truth tables or state diagrams whichever best suits the logic you are describing or your comfort level. Meaningful names can be assigned to signals; signals grouped into sets; and macros used to simplify logic descriptions - making your logic design easy to read and • Boolean equations understand. • State machine diagram entry, using IF-THEN-ELSE, CASE, In addition, the software's language processor provides GOTQ and WITH-ENDWITH statements powerful logic reduction, extensive syntax and logic error • Truth tables to specify input to output relationships for both checking - before your device is programmed. MacABEL combinatorial and registered outputs supports the most powerful and innovative complex PLDs just • High-level equation entry, incorporating the boolean introduced on the market, as well as many still in development. operators used in most logic designs < 1 1 & 1 # 1 $ 1 1 $ ) , MacABEL runs under the Apple A/UX'" operating system arithmetic operators <- I + I * I I I %I < < I > > ) , relational utilizing the Macintosh user interface. -
RESEARCH INSIGHTS – Hardware Design: FPGA Security Risks
RESEARCH INSIGHTS Hardware Design: FPGA Security Risks www.nccgroup.trust CONTENTS Author 3 Introduction 4 FPGA History 6 FPGA Development 10 FPGA Security Assessment 12 Conclusion 17 Glossary 18 References & Further Reading 19 NCC Group Research Insights 2 All Rights Reserved. © NCC Group 2015 AUTHOR DUNCAN HURWOOD Duncan is a senior consultant at NCC Group, specialising in telecom, embedded systems and application review. He has over 18 years’ experience within the telecom and security industry performing almost every role within the software development cycle from design and development to integration and product release testing. A dedicated security assessor since 2010, his consultancy experience includes multiple technologies, languages and platforms from web and mobile applications, to consumer devices and high-end telecom hardware. NCC Group Research Insights 3 All Rights Reserved. © NCC Group 2015 GLOSSARY AES Advanced encryption standard, a cryptography OTP One time programmable, allowing write once cipher only ASIC Application-specific integrated circuit, non- PCB Printed circuit board programmable hardware logic chip PLA Programmable logic array, forerunner of FPGA Bitfile Binary instruction file used to program FPGAs technology CLB Configurable logic block, an internal part of an PUF Physically unclonable function FPGA POWF Physical one-way function CPLD Complex programmable logic device PSoC Programmable system on chip, an FPGA and EEPROM Electronically erasable programmable read- other hardware on a single chip only memory -
Review of FPD's Languages, Compilers, Interpreters and Tools
ISSN 2394-7314 International Journal of Novel Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp: (140-158), Month: January-April 2016, Available at: www.noveltyjournals.com Review of FPD'S Languages, Compilers, Interpreters and Tools 1Amr Rashed, 2Bedir Yousif, 3Ahmed Shaban Samra 1Higher studies Deanship, Taif university, Taif, Saudi Arabia 2Communication and Electronics Department, Faculty of engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt 3Communication and Electronics Department, Faculty of engineering, Mansoura University, Egypt Abstract: FPGAs have achieved quick acceptance, spread and growth over the past years because they can be applied to a variety of applications. Some of these applications includes: random logic, bioinformatics, video and image processing, device controllers, communication encoding, modulation, and filtering, limited size systems with RAM blocks, and many more. For example, for video and image processing application it is very difficult and time consuming to use traditional HDL languages, so it’s obligatory to search for other efficient, synthesis tools to implement your design. The question is what is the best comparable language or tool to implement desired application. Also this research is very helpful for language developers to know strength points, weakness points, ease of use and efficiency of each tool or language. This research faced many challenges one of them is that there is no complete reference of all FPGA languages and tools, also available references and guides are few and almost not good. Searching for a simple example to learn some of these tools or languages would be a time consuming. This paper represents a review study or guide of almost all PLD's languages, interpreters and tools that can be used for programming, simulating and synthesizing PLD's for analog, digital & mixed signals and systems supported with simple examples. -
Programmable Logic Design Quick Start Hand Book
Second Edition Programmable Logic Design Quick Start Hand Book By Karen Parnell & Nick Mehta January 2002 ABSTRACT Whether you design with discrete logic, base all of your designs on microcontrollers, or simply want to learn how to use the latest and most advanced programmable logic software, you will find this book an interesting insight into a different way to design. Programmable logic devices were invented in the late seventies and since then have proved to be very popular and are now one of the largest growing sectors in the semiconductor industry. Why are programmable logic devices so widely used? Programmable logic devices provide designers ultimate flexibility, time to market advantage, design integration, are easy to design with and can be reprogrammed time and time again even in the field to upgrade system functionality. This book was written to complement the popular XilinxÒ Campus Seminar series but can also be used as a stand-alone tutorial and information source for the first of your many programmable logic designs. After you have finished your first design this book will prove useful as a reference guide or quick start handbook. The book details the history of programmable logic, where and how to use them, how to install the free, full functioning design software (Xilinx WebPACKä ISE included with this book) and then guides you through your first of many designs. There are also sections on VHDL and schematic capture design entry and finally a data bank of useful applications examples. We hope you find the book practical, informative and above all easy to use. -
CPLD and FPGA Architectures
ECE 428 Programmable ASIC Design CPLD and FPGA Architectures Haibo Wang ECE Department Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL 62901 3-1 Definitions Field Programmable Device (FPD): — a general term that refers to any type of integrated circuit used for implementing digital hardware, where the chip can be configured by the end user to realize different designs. Programming of such a device often involves placing the chip into a special programming unit, but some chips can also be configured “in-system”. Another name for FPDs is programmable logic devices (PLDs). Source: S. Brown and J. Rose, FPGA and CPLD Architectures: A Tutorial, IEEE Design and Test of Computer, 1996 3-2 Classifications PLA — a Programmable Logic Array (PLA) is a relatively small FPD that contains two levels of logic, an AND- plane and an OR-plane, where both levels are programmable PAL — a Programmable Array Logic (PAL) is a relatively small FPD that has a programmable AND-plane followed by a fixed OR-plane SPLD — refers to any type of Simple PLD, usually either a PLA or PAL CPLD — a more Complex PLD that consists of an arrangement of multiple SPLD-like blocks on a single chip. FPGA — a Field-Programmable Gate Array is an FPD featuring a general structure that allows very high logic capacity. 3-3 PLA Programmable AND Plane Programmable OR Plane Programmable Node Un-programmed Connect Disconnect X Y O1 O2 O3 O4 X XY Y XY XY XY XX YY 3-4 PLA Programmable AND Plane Programmable OR Plane YZ XZ XYZ XY XY Z XY+YZ ?? XZ+XYZ 3-5 PAL Programmable AND Plane Fix OR Plane X Y O1 O2 O3 O4 3-6 PAL with Logic Expanders Programmable AND Plane Fix OR Plane ? Logic expanders 3-7 PLA v.s. -
Dissertation Applications of Field Programmable Gate
DISSERTATION APPLICATIONS OF FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAYS FOR ENGINE CONTROL Submitted by Matthew Viele Department of Mechanical Engineering In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Summer 2012 Doctoral Committee: Advisor: Bryan D. Willson Anthony J. Marchese Robert N. Meroney Wade O. Troxell ABSTRACT APPLICATIONS OF FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAYS FOR ENGINE CONTROL Automotive engine control is becoming increasingly complex due to the drivers of emissions, fuel economy, and fault detection. Research in to new engine concepts is often limited by the ability to control combustion. Traditional engine-targeted micro controllers have proven difficult for the typical engine researchers to use and inflexible for advanced concept engines. With the advent of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based engine control system, many of these impediments to research have been lowered. This dissertation will talk about three stages of FPGA engine controller appli- cation. The most basic and widely distributed is the FPGA as an I/O coprocessor, tracking engine position and performing other timing critical low-level tasks. A later application of FPGAs is the use of microsecond loop rates to introduce feedback con- trol on the crank angle degree level. Lastly, the development of custom real-time computing machines to tackle complex engine control problems is presented. This document is a collection of papers and patents that pertain to the use of FPGAs for the above tasks. Each task is prefixed with a prologue section to give the history of the topic and context of the paper in the larger scope of FPGA based engine control. -
High-Performance Impact-X Programmable
OBSOLETE - No Longer Available TIBPAL16L8-5C, TIBPAL16R4-5C, TIBPAL16R6-5C, TIBPAL16R8-5C TIBPAL16L8-7M, TIBPAL16R4-7M, TIBPAL16R6-7M, TIBPAL16R8-7M HIGH-PERFORMANCE IMPACT-X PAL CIRCUITS SRPS011D – D3359, OCTOBER 1989 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 1992 • High-Performance Operation: TIBPAL16L8’ C SUFFIX . J OR N PACKAGE fmax (no feedback) M SUFFIX . J PACKAGE TIBPAL16R’ -5C Series . 125 MHz Min (TOP VIEW) TIBPAL16R’ -7M Series . 100 MHz Min f (internal feedback) max I 1 20 V TIBPAL16R’ -5C Series . 125 MHz Min CC I 2 19 O TIBPAL16R’ -7M Series . 100 MHz Min I 3 18 I/O f (external feedback) max I TIBPAL16R’ -5C Series . 117 MHz Min 4 17 I/O I TIBPAL16R’ -7M Series . 74 MHz Min 5 16 I/O I Propagation Delay 6 15 I/O I TIBPAL16L8-5C Series . 5 ns Max 7 14 I/O TIBPAL16L8-7M Series . 7 ns Max I 8 13 I/O TIBPAL16R’ -5C Series I 9 12 O (CLK-to-Q) . 4 ns Max GND 10 11 I TIBPAL16R ’ -7M Series (CLK-to-Q) . 6.5 ns Max • Functionally Equivalent, but Faster than, Existing 20-Pin PLDs TIBPAL16L8’ • Preload Capability on Output Registers C SUFFIX . FN PACKAGE Simplifies Testing M SUFFIX . FK PACKAGE • Power-Up Clear on Registered Devices (All (TOP VIEW) Register Outputs are Set Low, but Voltage CC I I I O Levels at the Output Pins Go High) V • Package Options Include Both Plastic and 3 2 1 20 19 I I/O Ceramic Chip Carriers in Addition to Plastic 4 18 I/O and Ceramic DIPs I 5 17 • I 6 16 I/O Security Fuse Prevents Duplication I 7 15 I/O I 8 14 I/O I/O I 3-STATE REGISTERED 910111213 PORT DEVICE INPUTS O OUTPUTS Q OUTPUTS S I I O ’PAL16L8 10 2 0 6 I/O ’PAL16R4 8 0 4 (3-state buffers) 4 GND ’PAL16R6 8 0 6 (3-state buffers) 2 ’PAL16R8 8 0 8 (3-state buffers) 0 Pin assignments in operating mode description These programmable array logic devices feature high speed and functional equivalency when compared with currently available devices. -
MACHXL Software User's Guide
MACHXL Software User's Guide © 1993 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. TEL: 408-732-2400 P.O. Box 3453 TWX: 910339-9280 Sunnyvale, CA 94088 TELEX: 34-6306 TOLL FREE: 800-538-8450 APPLICATIONS HOTLINE: 800-222-9323 (US) 44-(0)-256-811101 (UK) 0590-8621 (France) 0130-813875 (Germany) 1678-77224 (Italy) Advanced Micro Devices reserves the right to make changes in specifications at any time and without notice. The information furnished by Advanced Micro Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Advanced Micro Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties resulting from its use. No license is granted under any patents or patent rights of Advanced Micro Devices. Epson® is a registered trademark of Epson America, Inc. Hewlett-Packard®, HP®, and LaserJet® are registered trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Company. IBM® is a registered trademark and IBM PCä is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. Microsoft® and MS-DOS® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. PAL® and PALASM® are registered trademarks and MACHä and MACHXL ä are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Pentiumä is a trademark of Intel Corporation. Wordstar® is a registered trademark of MicroPro International Corporation. Document revision 1.2 Published October, 1994. Printed inU.S.A. ii Contents Chapter 1. Installation Hardware Requirements 2 Software Requirements 3 Installation Procedure 4 Updating System Files 6 AUTOEXEC.BAT 7 CONFIG.SYS 7 Creating a Windows Icon -
Ch7. Memory and Programmable Logic
EEA091 - Digital Logic 數位邏輯 Chapter 7 Memory and Programmable Logic 吳俊興 國立高雄大學 資訊工程學系 2006 Chapter 7 Memory and Programmable Logic 7-1 Introduction 7-2 Random-Access Memory 7-3 Memory Decoding 7-4 Error Detection and Correction 7-5 Read-Only Memory 7-6 Programmable Logic Array 7-7 Programmable Array Logic 7-8 Sequential Programmable Devices 7-1 Introduction • Memory unit –a collection of cells capable of storing a large quantity of binary information and • to which binary information is transferred for storage • from which information is available when needed for processing –together with associated circuits needed to transfer information in and out of the device • write operation: storing new information into memory • read operation: transferring the stored information out of the memory • Two major types –RAM (Random-access memory): Read + Write • accept new information for storage to be available later for use –ROM (Read-only memory): perform only read operation Programmable Logic Device •Programmable logic device (PLD) –an integrated circuit with internal logic gates • hundreds to millions of gates interconnected through hundreds to thousands of internal paths –connected through electronic paths that behave similar to fuse • In the original state, all the fuses are intact –programming the device • blowing those fuse along the paths that must be removed in order to obtain particular configuration of the desired logic function •Types –Read-only Memory (ROM, Section 7-5) –programmable logic array (PLA, Section 7-6) –programmable array -
No Slide Title
ECEN 248 –Introduction to Digital Systems Design (Spring 2008) (Sections: 501, 502, 503, 507) Prof. Xi Zhang ECE Dept, TAMU, 333N WERC http://www.ece.tamu.edu/~xizhang/ECEN248 Programmable logic device (PLD) A PLD is a general-purpose chip for implementing logic circuit. It contains a collection of logic circuit elements that can be customized in different ways. A PLD can be viewed as a “black box” that contains logic gates and programmable switches. The programmable switches allow the logic gates inside the PLD to be connected together to implement logic circuits. Programmable logic device as a black box Logic gates Inputs and Outputs (logic variables) programmable (logic functions) switches Figure 3.24. Programmable logic device as a black box. Programmable logic devices Different types of PLD Simple PLD (SPLD) Programmable logic array (PLA) Programmable array logic (PAL) Complex PLD (CPLD) Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) Programmable logic array (PLA) x1 x2 xn PLA is developed based on the sum-of-product form. A PLA includes a circuit Input buffers block called an AND plane and (or AND array) and a inverters circuit block called an OR plane (or OR array). x1 x1 xn xn Æ Input Buffer/inverters P Æ And plane Æ OR plane 1 Æ Output AND plane OR plane Pk f1 fm Figure 3.25. General structure of a PLA. Gate-level diagram of a PLA x1 x2 x3 Output of And plane: Programmable connections P1= x 1 x 2 OR plane P1 P2= x 1 x 3 P2 P3= x 1 x 2 x 3 P4= x 1 x 3 P3 Output of OR plane: P4 f1 x 1= x 2+ x 1 x 3+ x 1 x 2 x 3 AND plane f2 x 1= x 2+ x 1 x 2+ x 3 x 1 x 3 f1 f2 Figure 3.26.