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Germany Italy 1861 Kingdom of Italy Proclaimed Unification of Germany Germany Italy 1861 Kingdom of Italy proclaimed Unification of Germany 1871 Wilhelm II became Kaiser 1888 1911 Invasion of Libya Giolitti became prime minister (third time) 1912 Suffrage extended 1914 Declaration of neutrality Start of First World War 1915 Treaty of London with Entente Powers Declaration of war on Austria-Hungary 1916 Declaration of war on Germany 1917 Defeat at Caporetto ‘Revolution from above’ 1918 Victory at Vittorio Veneto Abdication of the Kaiser End of Italy on winning side First Fighting on Western Front Universal male suffrage World ended by armistice introduced in Italy War The Spartacist Revolt 1919 Catholic Popular Party (PPI) founded National Assembly elections Fasci di Combattimento Weimar Constitution drawn founded up Party list electoral system Ebert became president (and proportional Germany signed the representation) introduced Versailles Treaty Treaty of Saint Germain signed D’Annunzio occupied Fiume First general election under new system – Liberals and their allies lost control of the chamber The Kapp Putsch 1920 Treaty of Rapallo signed with Yugoslavia Foundation of the NSDAP Worker occupation of the Publication of the NSDAP’s 25 factories (Bienno Rosso) Point Programme Occupation of Fiume ended by force Matthias Erzberger murdered 1921 Italian Communist Party by Organisation Consul (PCI) formed National Fascist Party (PNF) founded Walter Rathenau murdered 1922 Fascist ‘March on Rome’ by Organisation Consul carried out Mussolini became prime minister French troops occupied the 1923 Acerbo Law passed Ruhr Corfu affair Germany abandoned ‘passive resistance’ policy Introduction of the Rentenmark Economic recovery begins Hitler’s ‘Beer Hall Putsch’ (Munich) Dawes Plan 1924 Matteotti crisis Hitler’s treason trial Italy gained Fiume Locarno Pact 1925 Mussolini became head of government and Duce Publication of Hitler’s Mein Kampf OND founded Hindenburg elected president The ‘battle for grain’ launched Vidoni Pact between Confindustria and Fascist syndicates Locarno Pact Germany admitted to the 1926 Head of government to League of Nations make law by decree Stresemann awarded the ONB founded Nobel Peace Prize Fascist one party state Bamberg Conference created Rocco Law passed Ministry of Corporations established OVRA and Special Tribunal established Protectorate declared over Albania Unemployment Insurance Act 1927 ‘Quota 90’ and the ‘battle for births’ launched Ruralisation campaign started Labour Charter introduced Reichstag elections: extreme 1928 ‘Mussolini Law’ on land right-wing parties lost ground reclamation introduced Electoral law introduced Kellogg-Briand Pact Young Plan 1929 Lateran Pacts signed between Fascist state and Hitler and the Nazis invited to Wall the Catholic Church join Hugenberg’s campaign Street against the Young Plan Crash Severe economic depression began Death of Stresemann Reichstag elections: Nazis 1930 won 6.4 million votes and 107 seats 5 million unemployed 1931 IMI founded Reparation payments Catholic Action dispute suspended Presidential election: 1932 Hindenburg re-elected and Hitler came second with 13.4 million votes Reparations ended Reichstag elections (July): Nazis won 13.8 million votes and 230 seats Reichstag elections (November): Nazis won 11.7 million votes and 196 seats Hitler appointed chancellor 1933 IRI founded Reichstag Fire Four Power Pact with Germany, Britain and Reichstag elections (March): France Nazis won 17.3 million votes and 288 seats Enabling Act passed Laws outlawing political parties and trade unions Concordat between Nazi Germany and the Vatican Establishment of the Protestant ‘Reich Church’ Introduction Marriage Loan Scheme Opening of the ‘Battle for Work’ Night of the Long Knives 1934 Confrontation with Germany over Austria Hindenburg’s death: Hitler combined posts of president and chancellor Schacht’s ‘New Plan’ Nuremberg Laws 1935 Stresa Conference Rearmament and military Outbreak of war in conscription announced Abyssinia Marriage Law Hoare-Laval Pact Blood Protection Law Law on the Hitler Youth 1936 Bank of Italy nationalised introduced Italian intervention in Nazi occupation of the Spanish Civil War began Outbre Rhineland ak of Rome-Berlin Axis ‘Four Year Plan’ launched Spanis announced h Civil War Schacht resigned as Minister 1937 Anti-Comintern Pact of Economics Hossbach meeting Introduction of the Mother 1938 Munich Conference Cross award Anti-semitic decrees passed Marriage Law Anschluss Munich Conference Kristallnacht Hitler seized Czechoslovakia 1939 Chamber of Fasces and Corporations established Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Outbre Pact ak of Anti-semitic decrees passed Second German invasion of Poland Albania annexed World Euthanasia programme War Pact of Steel signed began Outbreak of Second World War – Italy stayed neutral Fall of France 1940 Declaration of war on Britain and France British Somaliland conquered British naval victory at Matapan Egypt and Greece invaded Italian fleet defeated at Taranto Operation Barbarossa 1941 Italian army in Libya launched surrendered USA entered the war British reconquered Somaliland Italian armies in Ethiopia destroyed Speer appointed Armaments 1942 Italian-German armies Minister defeated in Egypt ‘Final Solution’ adopted German surrender at 1943 North Africa surrender Stalingrad Anglo-American invasion of Extermination camp system Sicily expanded Mussolini deposed Women compelled to Allied invasion of Italy register for state-allocated work New Italian government declared war on Germany White Rose executions Mussolini rescued by Germans and installed as head of the Republic of Salo July Plot 1944 Allies liberated Rome Allied invasion of France Invasion of Germany 1945 Mussolini executed by partisans Yalta Conference End of Second Allies defeated Germany Suicide of Hitler, Goebbels World and Himmler War Potsdam Conference Licensing of political parties - western zones of occupation Nuremberg Trials Nuremberg Trials 1946 Referendum on monarchy decided Italy to become a Law for Liberation from republic National Socialism Constituent Assembly Christian Democratic Union elected founded Economic Council of the 1947 Bizone Currency reform in the 1948 western zones Trizonia created Marshall Aid received Berlin Blockade and airlift begins West German constitutional conference Parliamentary Council set up in Bonn Berlin Blockade lifted 1949 Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany Election of the first German Bundestag Konrad Adenauer (CDU) elected Federal Chancellor Collective Bargaining Law on Industrial Relations FRG joined the Council of Europe and the OEEC Construction Law 1950 End of food rationing in the Federal Republic Law on co-determination in 1951 the steel and coalmining industries FRG entered the European Coal and Steel Community Reinstatement Act Investment Aid Law Works Constitution Law 1952 Equalisation of Burdens Act 1953 Treaty of Paris allowed FRG 1954 to join NATO and rearm 1955 Decision made to form a 1956 German ‘Citizens’ Army’ Bundestag election: absolute 1957 majority for the CDU/CSU Anti-Trust Law Bonn Conventions signed FRG signed Treaty of Rome 1958 SPD Bad Godesberg 1959 programme Berlin Wall constructed 1961 Der Spiegel Affair 1962 Resignation of Chancellor 1963 Konrad Adenauer Election of Economics Minister Ludwig Erhard as his successor 1964 Economic recession 1965 Grand Coalition formed 1966 between CDU/CSU and SPD under Chancellor Kurt Kiesinger Stabilisation Law 1967 2 June Movement formed Student leader Rudi Dutschke 1968 shot ‘Easter Riots’ in West German cities Emergency Law Bundestag elections: gains 1969 made by the SPD SPD Chairman Willy Brandt elected Chancellor SDP/FDP federal government formed 1970 Educational Support Law 1971 Bundestag elections: SPD and 1972 FDP gained a clear majority Pension Act Factory Management Law Rise in oil prices 1973 Willy Brandt resigned as 1974 chancellor Election of Finance Minister Helmut Schmidt (SPD) as chancellor SPD/FDP coalition renewed Munich Olympics - terrorist attack 1975 1976 Kidnap and murder of the 1977 president of the employers’ federation, Hanns-Martin Schleyer Hijack of a Lufthansa plane Liberation of the hostages in Mogadishu Suicide of terrorists Baader, Ensslin and Raspe 1978 Green Party formed 1980 1981 Chancellor Schmidt and the 1982 SPD minority government replaced by a CDU/CSU/FDP coalition under Chancellor Helmut Kohl Bundestag elections: 1983 CDU/CSU and FDP secured an absolute majority Green represented in the Bundestag for the first time Bundestag re-elects Kohl as federal chancellor Bundestag elections: 1987 FDP/CDU/CSU coalition under Kohl retained power with a reduced majority Kohl announced his ’10 Point 1989 Plan’ for German reunification Collapse of GDR; fall of Berlin Wall; road to re-unification begins Using the Timelines above, pick out what you think are the ten key events of Italian history and the ten key events of German history. You may need to research some of the events to check they are significant. Then create a timeline, make it colourful and add pictures and it will go on display. .
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