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Die Hautflügler (Hymenoptera) Des Naturwaldreservats Kinzigaue (Hessen)

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Die Hautflügler (Hymenoptera) Des Naturwaldreservats Kinzigaue (Hessen) DOROW, W. H. O. 2014. Die Hautflügler (Hymenoptera) des Naturwaldreservats Kinzigaue (Hessen). Untersuchungszeitraum 1999-2001. In: BLICK, T.; DOROW, W. H. O. & KÖHLER, G.: Kinzigaue. Zoologische Untersuchungen 1999-2001, Teil 2. Naturwaldreservate in Hessen 13: 59-159. Die Hautflügler (Hymenoptera) des Naturwaldreservats Kinzigaue (Hessen). Untersuchungszeitraum 1999–2001 Wolfgang H. O. Dorow Kurzfassung Im Naturwaldreservat „Kinzigaue“ wurden 140 Symphyta (Pflanzenwespen), 15037 „Parasitica“ (Parasitische Wespen) und 10066 Aculeata (Stechimmen) gefangen. Die Pflanzenwespen und Stechimmen wurden vollständig bis zur Art determiniert. Sie umfassten 13 bzw. 91 Arten. Elf der 15 einheimischen Stechimmenfamilien konnten im Gebiet nachgewiesen werden. Auf einer Fläche von lediglich 18,1 ha traten 6,8 % der deutschen und 9,5 % der hessischen Stechimmenarten auf. Im Vergleich zu ihrem Anteil an der Fauna Deutschlands waren Dryinidae (Zikadenwespen), Bethylidae (Plattwespen), Formicidae (Ameisen) und Andrenidae (Sandbienen) mit überdurchschnittlichen Anteilen vertreten, Chrysididae (Goldwespen), Crabronidae (Grabwespen im engeren Sinne), Halictidae (Schmalbienen und Furchenbienen) und Megachilidae (Bauchsammlerbienen) mit unterdurchschnittlichen. Die Ameisen waren mit 25 Spezies die mit Abstand artenreichste Familie, gefolgt von den Crabronidae, den Andrenidae und den Apidae mit 13, 11 bzw 10 Arten. Der Anteil der Ameisengäste lag zwei bis dreimal höher als in den bislang untersuchten Buchenwaldreservaten. In Bezug auf die Individuenzahl dominierten in den Fallenfängen die Ameisen mit 88,9 % der Individuen, einen nennenswerten Anteil nahmen mit 8,8 % auch die sozialen Faltnewespen ein. D. h. eusoziale Aculeata stellten mit Abstand die meisten Individuen. Alle fünf eudominanten Arten wurden von Ameisen gestellt, die einzige dominante Art war die Gemeine Wespe (Vespula vulgaris). Unter den Blattwespen konnten zwei Arten (Empria parvula und Empria sexpunctata) erstmals für Hessen nachgewiesen werden. Außerdem konnte Phyllocolpa prussica gefangen werden, die auf der Roten Liste gefährdeter Tiere Deutschlands in der Kategorie „D – Daten unzureichend“ steht. Unter den Stechimmen wurde im Gebiet eine Art aus der Gattung Bethylus (Bethylidae – Plattwespen) neu für die Wissenschaft und zwei Arten neu für Hessen (Bethylidae: Cephalonomia tarsalis, Dryinidae – Zikadenwespen: Anteon flavicorne) gefunden. Des weiteren konnten acht Arten (ausschließlich Ameisen) der Roten Liste Deutschlands dokumentiert werden, davon eine stark gefährdete Art („2“): Temnothorax corticalis, vier als gefährdet („3“) eingestufte: Dolichoderus quadripunctatus, Myrmica schencki, Myrmica specioides und Ponera coarctata sowie fünf auf der Vorwarnliste („V“): Camponotus truncatus, Myrmecina graminicola, Myrmica sabuleti, Myrmica scabrinodis und Temnothorax affinis. Für Temnothorax corticalis ist Deutschland in hohem Maße verantwortlich. Zehn der gefundenen Stechimmenarten sind auf der Roten Liste Hessens vertreten. Zu den oben genannten Arten der deutschen Roten Liste kommen die Ameise Stenamma debile („3“) und die Maskenbiene Hylaeus confusus („D“) hinzu. Im Naturwaldreservat Kinzigaue nahmen die Arten, die gleichermaßen im Offenland wie im Wald leben mit 27,5 % den größten Anteil ein, gefolgt von den Arten, die ihren Schwerpunkt im Offenland haben, aber regelmäßig auch im Wald vorkommen (22,0 %). Arten, die in verschiedenen Waldtypen leben und Lichtwaldarten folgten mit 19,8 % bzw. 18,7 %. Insgesamt leben 97,8 % der gefundenen Arten (auch) im Wald; nur 2,2 % sind somit als gebietsfremde Zufallsfänge zu werten. Unter den gefundenen Stechimmen ernähren sich 68,1 % der Larven rein zoophag, 31,9 % phytophag von Nektar und Pollen. Bei den Adulten hingegen ernährt sich mehr als die Hälfte der Arten (50,5 %) sowohl von tierischen als auch von pflanzlichen Quellen, 34,1 % rein phytophag und nur 15,4 % rein zoophag. 18,7 % der Arten nutzen nur eine Pflanzenfamilie, weitere 18,7 % drei bis fünf verschiedene Familien. Nur Vertreter einer Pflanzengattung besuchen Andrena praecox (Salix), Osmia florisomnis (Ranunculus) und Macropis europaea (Lysimachia). Monophag im engeren Sinne, d. h. nur eine Pflanzenart nutzend, ist im Gebiet lediglichMegachile lapponica an Epilobium angustifolium. 30 der 91 im Gebiet gefundenen Stechimmenarten sind auf das kombinierte Vorkommen von Totholz und Blüten angewiesen, acht Arten auf das Nebeneinander von offenem, schütter oder nicht bewachsenem Boden und Blüten. Kontakt: Wolfgang H. O. DOROW, Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Projekt Hessische Naturwaldreservate, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main; E-Mail: [email protected] 59 Naturwaldreservate in Hessen, Band 13 Kinzigaue. Zoologische Untersuchungen 1999–2001, Teil 2 Die Biozönose des Naturwaldereservats Kinzigaue unterscheidet sich deutlich von den Artengemeinschaften der zuvor untersuchten Totalreservate und Vergleichsflächen. Von differentialdiagnostischem Wert sind hierbei insbesondere Ameisenarten, die in der Kinzigaue individuenreich vertreten waren, aber bisher in keinem anderen Naturwaldreservat nachgewiesen wurden (Camponotus truncatus, Dolichoderus quadripunctatus, Temnothorax corticalis, Temnothorax nylanderi) oder die in der Kinzigaue deutlich individuenreicher auftraten, als in allen anderen Gebieten (Lasius brunneus, Myrmica rubra, Temnothorax affinis). Auch die Hornisse (Vespa crabro) zählt zu letzterer Gruppe. Abstract Hymenoptera of the Strict Forest Reserve „Kinzigaue“ (Hesse, Germany). Investigation period 1999–2001 In the Strict Forest Reserve “Kinzigaue” a total of 140 Symphyta (sawflies), 15037 „Parasitica“ (parasitic wasps) and 10066 Aculeata (ants, bees, and stinging wasps) specimens were captured. All Symphyta and Aculeata were determined to species level. They comprised 13 respectively 91 species. Eleven of the 15 indigenous families of Aculeata were documented in the study area. In an area of only 18.1 ha 6.8 % of Germany’s and 9.5 % of Hesse‘s native species of Aculeata occurred. The proportion of German species represented was above average in the Dryinidae, Bethylidae, Formicidae and Andrenidae. Below average were Chrysididae, Crabronidae, Halictidae and Megachilidae. Ants were the most species rich family with 25 species, followed by Crabronidae, Andrenidae and Apidae with 13, 11, 10 species respectively. The proportion of ant guests was two to three times higher than in the previously studied beech-forest reserves. Concerning the number of individuals, ants dominated in the traps with 88.9 %, a noteworthy portion was also made up by the Vespidae with 8.8 %, i. e. eusocial Aculeata are represented by far the greatest number of individuals. All five eudominant species were ants, the only dominant species was the Common Wasp Vespula( vulgaris). Two species of Symphyta (Empria parvula and Empria sexpunctata) are recorded here for the first time from Hesse. In addition Phyllocolpa prussica was found, which is listed in the Red Data Book of Germany in category „D – data deficient“. In the Aculeata one species of the genus Bethylus (Bethylidae) is recorded here for the first time for science and two for the first time from Hesse (Bethylidae: Cephalonomia tarsalis, Dryinidae: Anteon flavicorne). Furthermore, eight species (exclusively ants) were documented which are listed in the Red Data Book of Germany: Temnothorax corticalis is classified as endangered („2“), four species Dolichoderus( quadripunctatus, Myrmica schencki, Myrmica specioides, Ponera coarctata) as vulnerable („3“) and five species (Camponotus truncatus, Myrmecina graminicola, Myrmica sabuleti, Myrmica scabrinodis and Temnothorax affinis) as near threatened („V“). For Temnothorax corticalis Germany has a special responsibility. Ten of the Aculeata are listed in the Red Data Book of Hesse. To the foregoing species the ant Stenamma debile („3“) and the face masked bee Hylaeus confusus („D“) are added. In the forest reserve Kinzigaue, species which live both in open habitats and in forested ones make up, with 27.5 %, the largest portion, followed by species which have their core area in open habitats but regularly also occur in forests (22.0 %). Species living in several types of forests and those living only in light forests follow with 19.8 % and 18.7 % respectively. Altogether 97.8 % of the species live exclusively in forests or in forests as well as other habitats. Only 2.2 % have to be classified as chance captures of non-indigenous species. In the larval stage 68.1 % of the species are purely zoophagous, 31.9 % phytophagous on nectar and pollen. On the other hand in the adult stage more than half of the species (50.5 %) feed on animals as well as on plants, 34.1 % are exclusively phytophagous, only 15.4 % are exclusively zoophagous. 18.7 % only use one plant family, another 18.7 % use 3–5 different plant families. Only species of a single plant genus are used by Andrena praecox (Salix), Osmia florisomnis (Ranunculus) and Macropis europaea (Lysimachia) for collecting pollen. Monophagous in the narrower sense, i. e. using only one plant species, is only Megachile lapponica (Epilobium angustifolium). 30 of the 91 species are reliant on the combined occurrence of dead wood and flowers, eight species on the coexistence of open ground with sparse or no plant cover and flowers. The biocoenosis of the forest reserve Kinzigaue differs from those of the total reserves and areas for comparison, which have been previously studied. Of special diffential diagnostic value in
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