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Coversheet for Thesis in Sussex Research Online
A University of Sussex DPhil thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details Information gathering and conflict resolution in Polistes wasps Jonathan Philip Green Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Sussex September 2011 ii Declaration The design and data collection for the study presented in Chapter 4 were undertaken in collaboration with Dr. Elli Leadbeater at the Institute of Zoology and Professor Jeremy Field at the University of Sussex. However, the particular analyses undertaken in that chapter, as well as the interpretations drawn from the data, are my own. I certify that, with the above qualification, the work carried out in this thesis is entirely my own, and that any help provided by other individuals with data collection and analysis is fully acknowledged. In addition, I certify that this thesis has not been, and will not be, submitted in whole or in part to another university for the award of any other degree. Signature: Jonathan Philip Green iii UNIVERISTY OF SUSSEX JONATHAN PHILIP GREEN, DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY INFORMATION GATHERING AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN POLISTES WASPS SUMMARY Signals are used to communicate resource-holding potential (RHP) to rivals during contests across a wide range of taxa. -
The Invasion of Two Species of Social Wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) to the Faroe Islands
BioInvasions Records (2019) Volume 8, Issue 3: 558–567 CORRECTED PROOF Rapid Communication The invasion of two species of social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) to the Faroe Islands Sjúrður Hammer1,* and Jens-Kjeld Jensen2 1Environment Agency, FO-165, Argir, Faroe Islands 2Í Geilini 37, FO-270 Nólsoy, Faroe Islands Author e-mails: [email protected] (SH), [email protected] (JKJ) *Corresponding author Citation: Hammer S and Jensen J-K (2019) The invasion of two species of Abstract social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) to the Faroe Islands. BioInvasions Records Two species of social wasps have established in the Faroe Islands in 1999 – common 8(3): 558–567, https://doi.org/10.3391/bir. wasp Vespula vulgaris and German wasp Vespula germanica. The population 2019.8.3.11 growth, and dispersal in the Faroes has been followed in detail through Received: 9 January 2019 correspondence and contact with local residents and authorities throughout the Accepted: 10 June 2019 Faroes. Collected wasps have been identified, and nest eradication data from the Published: 12 August 2019 local municipalities is also presented. In total there have been 1.222 nests located and destroyed, mostly in Tórshavn, where they were first introduced, but nests have Handling editor: Tim Adriaens also been found on neighbouring islands. Both the introduction and the spread Thematic editor: Stelios Katsanevakis within the Faroes suggest a strong relationship with human settlements and travel. Copyright: © Hammer S and Jensen J-K Social wasps have established on four out of 18 islands – all of which are This is an open access article distributed under terms connected by land, suggesting that their spread within the islands is also human of the Creative Commons Attribution License (Attribution 4.0 International - CC BY 4.0). -
The Vespinae of North America (Vespidae, Hymenoptera) 37 Doi: 10.3897/JHR.28.3514 Research Article
JHR 28: 37–65 (2012) The Vespinae of North America (Vespidae, Hymenoptera) 37 doi: 10.3897/JHR.28.3514 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.pensoft.net/journals/jhr The Vespinae of North America (Vespidae, Hymenoptera) Lynn S. Kimsey1, James M. Carpenter2 1 Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 2 American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024 Corresponding author: Lynn S. Kimsey ([email protected]) Academic editor: Wojciech Pulawski | Received 12 June 2012 | Accepted 30 July 2012 | Published 24 August 2012 Citation: Kimsey LS, Carpenter JM (2012) The Vespinae of North America (Vespidae, Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 28: 37–65. doi: 10.3897/JHR.28.3514 Abstract The species of paper wasps in the tribe Vespini, family Vespidae from America North of Mexico are re- viewed, including a new identification key to the genera and species, complete synonymy, distribution and biology. This fauna includes six species ofDolichovespula Rohwer, three species of Vespa Linnaeus and 13 species of Vespula Thomson. No Holarctic species are recognized, with the result that Dolichovespula arc- tica (Rohwer) and Vespula intermedia (du Buysson) are again recognized as species, while Vespula infernalis (de Saussure) is given new status as a species. Keywords Vespa, Dolichovespula, Vespula Introduction Vespinae, or the yellow jackets and hornets, are among the most recognizable wasps in North America. All of the species are either social or are social parasites of other congeners. They construct their nests out of a mixture of plant fibers and salivary secre- tions, and the nests can range from baseball-sized, with a few thousand cells, to nests with hundreds of thousands of cells. -
Download Als PDF
Dieses PDF wird von der Arbeitsgemeinschaft bayerischer Entomologen e.V.für den privaten bzw. wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch zur Verfügung gestellt. Die kommerzielle Nutzung oder die Bereitstellung in einer öffentlichen Bibliothek oder auf einer website ist nicht gestattet. Beiträge zur bayerischen Entomofaunistik 5:4798, Bamberg (2003), ISSN 1430-015X Faunenliste der Bienen und Wespen Bayerns mit Angaben zur Verbreitung und Bestandssituation (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) von K. Mandery, M. Kraus, J. Voith, K.-H. Wickl, E. Scheuchl, J. Schuberth & K. Warncke () Abstract: For the first time this paper presents a checklist of the bees and wasps of Bavaria. Altogether 979 hymenoptera aculeata are mentioned, 503 bees (Apidae), 216 digger wasps (Sphecidae), 84 spider wasps (Pompilidae), 75 wasps (Vespidae), 18 Sco- lioidea species, and 83 chrysidid wasps (Chrysididae). Zusammenfassung: Mit diesem Beitrag wird erstmals eine Faunenliste der Bienen und Wespen für Bayern vorgelegt. Demnach sind in Bayern historisch und aktuell 979 aculeate Hymenopteren nachgewiesen, nämlich 503 Bienen (Apidae), 216 Grabwespen (Sphecidae), 84 Wegwespen (Pompilidae), 75 Faltenwespen (Vespidae), 18 Dolchwespenartige (Scolioidea) und 83 Goldwespen (Chrysididae). 1. Einleitung Über die Aculeatenfauna Bayerns wurde bislang keine Faunenliste veröffentlicht. Das Artenspektrum ist nur über diverse Arbeiten zu verschiedenen Familien zu erschließen, da die Roten Listen (Bayerisches Landesamt für Umweltschutz, [Hrsg.] 1992) nicht im Sinne einer Checklist die nicht gefährdeten Ar- ten mit aufführen. In Baden-Württemberg ist die Rote Liste der Wildbienen (Westrich et al., 2000) zu ei- ner Faunenliste ergänzt, in Thüringen sind eigene Faunenlisten erschienen (z. B. Wildbienen: Burger & Winter, 2001). Da es auch bei der Fortschreibung der bayerischen Roten Liste (Bayerisches Landesamt für Umweltschutz, [Hrsg.]) nicht möglich sein wird, die nicht gefährdeten Arten ebenfalls zu nennen, soll mit der vorliegenden Arbeit diese Lücke geschlossen werden. -
Honey Bee Colonies and Wasps
National Bee Unit Honey Bee Colonies and Wasps Wasps can be a major problem for honey bee colonies in late summer and autumn. It must be remembered that use of poisons as controls may also kill bees and can be harmful for the beekeeper! How many wasp species are there? There are many species of wasp but most of these are solitary in habit and usually aren’t a threat to honey bees. In the UK there are six species that are social and create problems for bees and beekeepers. They are the common wasp Vespula vulgaris, the European hornet Vespa crabro, the red wasp Vespula rufa, the tree wasp Vespula sylvestris, the German wasp Vespula germanica and the Norwegian wasp Vespula norvegica. These are all eusocial, having a nest headed by a queen with workers (undeveloped females) who feed and care for their siblings, including drones (males) and virgin queens in late summer. There is also Vespula austriaca, which is a cuckoo species having male and female sexes only. Which species present the greatest threat to honeybees? Most accurate reports of wasps attacking honeybee colonies in the UK identify the species as common wasps V. vulgaris or German wasps V.germanica. However the other species are generally less common or local in distribution. Where do they nest? Common, German and red wasps nest underground, the European hornet prefers nesting in hollow trees whilst the tree wasp and Norwegian wasp nest in trees and bushes, having nests hanging from branches. What is their life cycle? Mated queens hibernate in a sheltered spot, emerging in spring to seek a nest site. -
Phylogenetic Relationships and Classification of the Vespinae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)·
Systematic Entomology (1987) 12, 413-431 Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Vespinae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)· JAMES M. CARPENTER Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University,'! Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. The phylogenetic relationships of the genera, subgenera and species-groups ofthe Vespinae are analysed using cladistic techniques. The results are used as the basis for a natural classification of these wasps. The cladogram for the four genera recognized is: Vespa + .cProvespa + (Dolichovespula + Vespula)). No subgenera are recognized; all those previously described are synonymized with the appropriate genus. The . synonymies of Nyctovespa with Vespa and Rugovespula with Vespula are new. Introduction Nomenclature. More serious is the lack of a comprehensive phylogenetic system. As a The yellowjack6ts and hornets are the· most result, paraphyletic taxa are in use, and much familiar of wasps. Almost ubiquitous through discussion of the evolutionary development of out the north temperate regions and oriental behaviour is misplaced. Without differentiation tropics, they are generally recognized - and of features into derived and primitive states, feared - by layrrmh. The history of human disputes ongroupings and evolutionary develop knowledge of these wasps is ancient (cf. Sprad ment are unresolvable (cf. Yamane, 1976; bery, 1973; Edwards, 1980). The fascination Greene, 1979; Matsuura & Yamane, 1984; Mac engendered by their eusocial behaviour is also Donald & Matthews, 1975, 1984). The present ancient, and so they are the subject of an ever work is intended to redress this situation, by burgeoning number of behavioural studies. In providing the first comprehensive cladistic treat addition to social organization, considerable ment of supraspecific taxa in the Vespinae. current interest is focused on aspects of venom chemistry, economic injury and biological con trol potential (e.g. -
British Phenological Records Indicate High Diversity and Extinction Rates Among LateSummerFlying Pollinators
British phenological records indicate high diversity and extinction rates among late-summer-flying pollinators Article (Accepted Version) Balfour, Nicholas J, Ollerton, Jeff, Castellanos, Maria Clara and Ratnieks, Francis L W (2018) British phenological records indicate high diversity and extinction rates among late-summer-flying pollinators. Biological Conservation, 222. pp. 278-283. ISSN 0006-3207 This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/75609/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse: Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University. Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available. Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk 1 British phenological records indicate high diversity and extinction 2 rates among late-summer-flying pollinators 3 4 5 Nicholas J. -
East Devon Pebblebed Heaths Providing Space for Nature Biodiversity Audit 2016 Space for Nature Report: East Devon Pebblebed Heaths
East Devon Pebblebed Heaths East Devon Pebblebed Providing Space for East Devon Nature Pebblebed Heaths Providing Space for Nature Dr. Samuel G. M. Bridgewater and Lesley M. Kerry Biodiversity Audit 2016 Site of Special Scientific Interest Special Area of Conservation Special Protection Area Biodiversity Audit 2016 Space for Nature Report: East Devon Pebblebed Heaths Contents Introduction by 22nd Baron Clinton . 4 Methodology . 23 Designations . 24 Acknowledgements . 6 European Legislation and European Protected Species and Habitats. 25 Summary . 7 Species of Principal Importance and Introduction . 11 Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Species . 25 Geology . 13 Birds of Conservation Concern . 26 Biodiversity studies . 13 Endangered, Nationally Notable and Nationally Scarce Species . 26 Vegetation . 13 The Nature of Devon: A Biodiversity Birds . 13 and Geodiversity Action Plan . 26 Mammals . 14 Reptiles . 14 Results and Discussion . 27 Butterflies. 14 Species diversity . 28 Odonata . 14 Heathland versus non-heathland specialists . 30 Other Invertebrates . 15 Conservation Designations . 31 Conservation Status . 15 Ecosystem Services . 31 Ownership of ‘the Commons’ and management . 16 Future Priorities . 32 Cultural Significance . 16 Vegetation and Plant Life . 33 Recreation . 16 Existing Condition of the SSSI . 35 Military training . 17 Brief characterisation of the vegetation Archaeology . 17 communities . 37 Threats . 18 The flora of the Pebblebed Heaths . 38 Military and recreational pressure . 18 Plants of conservation significance . 38 Climate Change . 18 Invasive Plants . 41 Acid and nitrogen deposition. 18 Funding and Management Change . 19 Appendix 1. List of Vascular Plant Species . 42 Management . 19 Appendix 2. List of Ferns, Horsetails and Clubmosses . 58 Scrub Clearance . 20 Grazing . 20 Appendix 3. List of Bryophytes . 58 Mowing and Flailing . -
Description Significance TEL: 0800 804 6378
TEL: 0800 804 6378 Wasps Description Order: Hymenoptera (‘membrane winged’) Characteristics: Up to 30mm long; eyes kidney shaped; two pairs of membranous wings, the hind wings smaller than the forewings and linked to them by a row of hooklets; wings folded longitudinally at rest; mouthparts adapted for chewing and licking; dorsal surface of the first thoracic segment extends back to a small lobe which overlies the base of the front wing; abdomen constricted at base giving appearance of a waist; metamorphosis complete, with egg, larval, pupal and adult stages; typically possess Common Wasp complex social system (sub-family Vespinae). (Worker) 18mm long Family: Vespidae Species Characteristics: Genus: Vespula and Vespa. Hornet (Vespa crabro) and diseases. The need to collect wood to Similar in appearance. Distinguished by patterns The largest of the wasps but relatively construct nests means that wasps may damage on the face and abdomen. The following species uncommon. Nests in hollow trees and the wooden fabric of buildings, fences and even are found in Northern Europe: occasionally buildings. perhaps garden furniture. Common Wasp Genus: Odynerus, Mason wasps. Wasps are a particular nuisance at the end of the (Vespula (Paravespula) vulgaris) Solitary wasps about 13mm long predominantly summer when the workers are freed of the need Nests underground and in cavities in trees and black with yellow markings. The females to collect proteinaceous foods for their young buildings. construct nests of a few cells each of which and can indulge their passion for sweet materials contain an egg and is provisioned with food e.g. e.g. jam and syrup. -
The Social Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Indiana
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by ValpoScholar The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 22 Number 3 - Fall 1989 Number 3 - Fall 1989 Article 7 October 1989 The Social Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Indiana J. F. MacDonald Purdue University M. A. Deyrup Archbold Biological Station Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation MacDonald, J. F. and Deyrup, M. A. 1989. "The Social Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Indiana," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 22 (3) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol22/iss3/7 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. MacDonald and Deyrup: The Social Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Indiana 1989 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 155 THE SOCIAL WASPS (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE) OF INDIANA! J.F. MacDonald2 and M.A. Deyrup3 ABSTRACT An updated taxonomic treatment of the social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Indiana is made. Illustrated identification keys are provided for species of Polistes, Vespa, Vespu/a, and Dolichovespula. New distributional records and biological notes are provided for each species, Eusocial wasps, including paper wasps, hornets, and yeilowjackets, occur in colonies associated with elaborate paper nests and show: (1) eooperative brood care; (2) reproductive division of labor; and (3) an overlap of generations (Wilson, 1971). The eusocial wasps of Indiana were last treated taxonomically by Chandler (1965). -
The Ecology of Inquilinism in Communally Parasitic Tamalia Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
ECOLOGY AND POPULATION BIOLOGY The Ecology of Inquilinism in Communally Parasitic Tamalia Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) DONALD G. MILLER III1 Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Chico, CA 95929Ð0515 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 97(6): 1233Ð1241 (2004) ABSTRACT I report the Þrst example of communal parasitism in galling aphids and quantify the effects of gall invasion by the inquiline aphid Tamalia inquilina Miller on its host, Tamalia coweni (Cockerell). On populations of the host plants Arctostaphylos spp., both T. coweni and T. inquilina exhibited facultatively communal behavior and co-occupied galls with no apparent agonistic inter- actions. Although total reproductive output of adult offspring was similar between galls containing T. coweni alone and galls with both species, the allocation of brood was skewed toward that of the inquiline; hence, T. inquilina is a parasite of T. coweni. The presence of T. inquilina had no signiÞcant effect on survivorship of T. coweni in mixed-species galls. T. inquilina successfully reproduced in open galls abandoned by T. coweni, and under these circumstances was best characterized as commensal rather than parasitic. My data indicated T. inquilina was signiÞcantly more likely to move between galls, supporting the hypothesis that the inquiline actively seeks galls to invade. As frequent occupants of unsealed galls, T. inquilina may incur higher risks of predation and desiccation than T. coweni: experimental evidence showed that at least one specialist predator preferred T. coweni to T. inquilina and that T. inquilina withstood experimental dessication for signiÞcantly longer periods than did T. coweni. I suggest the distinctive morphology of T. inquilina is a correlate of the ecology of its parasitic life history on T. -
Key to the Paper and Social Wasps of Central Europe (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE Published 6.xi.2006 Volume 46, pp. 221-244 ISSN 0374-1036 Key to the paper and social wasps of Central Europe (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) Klíč k určování vosíků a vos střední Evropy (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) Libor DVOŘÁK1) & Stuart P. M. ROBERTS2) 1) Šumava NP and PLA Administration, Sušická 399, CZ-341 92 Kašperské Hory, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] 2) Centre for Agri-Environmental Research (CAER), School of Agriculture, University of Reading, PO Box 237, UK-RG6 6AR Reading, United Kingdom; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. A determination key to the Central European paper wasps (Polistinae – Polistes Latreille, 1802 – eight species) and social wasps (Vespinae – 11 species: Vespa Linnaeus, 1758 – one species, Vespula Thomson, 1869 – four species, Doli- chovespula Rohwer, 1916 – six species) is given. Distribution and biotope re- quirements of all species in the Czech Republic and Slovakia are briefly men- tioned. All social wasps occur more or less regularly in both countries. Four paper wasps are relatively common but four other species (Polistes atrimandibularis Zimmermann, 1930, P. sulcifer Zimmermann, 1930, P. associus Kohl, 1898, and P. gallicus (Linnaeus, 1767)) are very rare with the Czech Republic and/or Slova- kia at the northern edge of their range. Key words. Determination, Europe, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Vespa, Vespula, Dolichovespula, Polistes Introduction According to present knowledge, social and paper wasps form two subfamilies (Vespinae, Polistinae) of Hymenoptera: Aculeata: Vespidae. Mason wasps (Eumeninae) and pollen wasps (Masarinae), ranked as different families in the past, are now considered as subfamilies with- in the Vespidae as well (e.g.