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Satellite Communications Overview ATP 6-02.54 TECHNIQUES FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS NOVEMBER 2020 Distribution Restriction: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This publication supersedes ATP 6-02.54, dated 5 June 2017. Headquarters, Department of the Army This publication is available at the Army Publishing Directorate site (https://armypubs.army.mil/), and the Central Army Registry site (https://atiam.train.army.mil/catalog/dashboard). *ATP 6-02.54 Army Techniques Publication Headquarters No. 6-02.54 Department of the Army Washington, D.C., 05 November 2020 Techniques for Satellite Communications Contents Page PREFACE..................................................................................................................... v INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ vii Chapter 1 SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS OVERVIEW........................................................ 1-1 The Information Environment .................................................................................... 1-1 Satellite Communications Fundamentals .................................................................. 1-2 Types of Satellite Communications ........................................................................... 1-4 Chapter 2 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ........................................................................... 2-1 Joint and Department of Defense .............................................................................. 2-1 Army .......................................................................................................................... 2-3 Chapter 3 SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS ARCHITECTURE .............................................. 3-1 Overview .................................................................................................................... 3-1 Requirements ............................................................................................................ 3-1 Objectives .................................................................................................................. 3-1 Planning Considerations ............................................................................................ 3-3 Chapter 4 SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS PLANNING ........................................................ 4-1 Joint ........................................................................................................................... 4-1 Army .......................................................................................................................... 4-2 Narrowband Satellite Communications ..................................................................... 4-9 Wideband Satellite Communications ......................................................................... 4-9 Protected Satellite Communications ....................................................................... 4-10 Commercial Satellite Communications .................................................................... 4-11 Warfighter Information Network-Tactical Planning .................................................. 4-14 Chapter 5 SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS ENABLERS ....................................................... 5-1 United States Space Command ................................................................................ 5-1 United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command ..................................... 5-1 United States Army Network Enterprise Technology Command .............................. 5-2 Distribution of Signal Units ........................................................................................ 5-3 Appendix A SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS GROUND SEGMENT ....................................... A-1 Appendix B DEMAND ASSIGNED MULTIPLE ACCESS, INTEGRATED WAVEFORM, AND WIDEBAND CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS .............................................. B-1 Appendix C GLOBAL BROADCAST SYSTEM .......................................................................... C-1 Appendix D PROTECTED SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS .................................................... D-1 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. *This publication supersedes ATP 6-02.54, dated 5 June 2017. ATP 6-02.54 i Contents GLOSSARY ................................................................................................ Glossary-1 REFERENCES ........................................................................................ References-1 INDEX ............................................................................................................... Index-1 Figures Figure 1-1. Example orbital locations for Wideband Global Satellite Communications satellites . 1-5 Figure 1-2. Regional satellite communications support center coverage ...................................... 1-6 Figure 1-3. Narrowband satellite constellation............................................................................... 1-9 Figure A-1. Department of Defense gateway locations ................................................................. A-1 Figure A-2. Teleport program......................................................................................................... A-3 Figure A-3. AN/FSC-78 terminal .................................................................................................... A-4 Figure A-4. AN/GSC-39(V1) terminal ............................................................................................ A-5 Figure A-5. AN/GSC-52B(V) terminal ............................................................................................ A-6 Figure A-6. Family of modernization of enterprise terminals ......................................................... A-7 Figure A-7. AN/TSC-86A terminal ................................................................................................. A-8 Figure A-8. AN/TSC-93E Lynx terminal ......................................................................................... A-9 Figure A-9. AN/TSC-156 Phoenix terminal .................................................................................. A-10 Figure A-10. Secure Mobile Anti-Jam Reliable Tactical Terminal ............................................... A-11 Figure A-11. Global Broadcast System tactical receive suite ...................................................... A-12 Figure A-12. Global Broadcast Service portable receive suite .................................................... A-13 Figure A-13. SIPRNET/NIPRNET Access Point .......................................................................... A-14 Figure A-14. AN/MSC-82 Tactical Communications Node .......................................................... A-18 Figure A-15. Satellite Transportable Terminal ............................................................................. A-19 Figure B-1. Information throughput without demand assigned multiple access ............................ B-2 Figure B-2. Demand assigned multiple access capable terminals ................................................ B-3 Figure B-3. Comparison of a 25-kbps demand assigned multiple access versus integrated waveform frame .......................................................................................................... B-5 Figure B-4. Wideband code division multiple access network architecture ................................... B-6 Figure C-1. Global Broadcast System broadcast and space segments ........................................ C-2 Figure D-1. Milstar and advanced extremely high frequency data transfer capabilities ................ D-3 Figure D-2. Advanced extremely high frequency space segment ................................................. D-4 ii ATP 6-02.54 05 November 2020 Contents Tables Table 1-1. Radio frequency bands ................................................................................................. 1-3 Table 4-1. Satellite communications priorities ................................................................................ 4-6 Table A-1. Warfighter Information Network-Tactical satellite communications capabilities .........A-17 05 November 2020 ATP 6-02.54 iii This page intentionally left blank. Preface The purpose of ATP 6-02.54 is to educate communicators on the options available when using beyond line of sight satellite communications. This publication includes information for planning, establishing, and operating communications networks with satellites. The principal audience for ATP 6-02.54 is Army professionals and contractors whose duties involve planning, installing, operating, and maintaining satellite communications systems and networks. Satellite communications trainers and educators throughout the Army will also use this publication. To apply this doctrine correctly, readers should be familiar with the capstone Army Doctrine (ADP 1 and ADP 3-0), FM 3-0, and FM 6-02. Commanders, staff, and subordinates ensure their decisions and actions comply with applicable U.S., international, and, in some cases, host-nation laws and regulations. Commanders at all levels ensure their Soldiers operate according to the law of war and the rules of engagement (see FM 6-27). Commanders also adhere to the Army Ethic as described in ADP 6-22. ATP 6-02.54 uses joint terms where applicable. Selected joint and Army terms and definitions appear in both the glossary and the text. This publication is not the proponent for any Army terms. 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