DOCSLIB.ORG

A Guide to Radio Communications Standards for Emergency Responders

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Guide to Radio Communications Standards for Emergency Responders A GUIDE TO RADIO COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS Prepared Under United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the European Commission Humanitarian Office (ECHO) Through the Disaster Preparedness Programme (DIPECHO) Regional Initiative in Disaster Risk Reduction March, 2010 Maputo - Mozambique GUIDE TO RADIO COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS GUIDE TO RADIO COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS Table of Contents Introductory Remarks and Acknowledgments 5 Communication Operations and Procedures 6 1. Communications in Emergencies ...................................6 The Role of the Radio Telephone Operator (RTO)...........................7 Description of Duties ..............................................................................7 Radio Operator Logs................................................................................9 Radio Logs..................................................................................................9 Programming Radios............................................................................10 Care of Equipment and Operator Maintenance...........................10 Solar Panels..............................................................................................10 Types of Radios.......................................................................................11 The HF Digital E-mail.............................................................................12 Improved Communication Technologies......................................12 Satellite Communications...................................................................12 Benefits of Using Satellite....................................................................13 Satellite Phones......................................................................................14 Satellite VSAT Networks.......................................................................15 2. Radio Procedures...........................................................16 Guiding Principle of Good Communications ..............................16 Sensitive Message Traffic.....................................................................17 Radio Checks and Signal Reports......................................................17 Components of All Radio Transmissions........................................18 Call Signs...................................................................................................18 Receiving a Message.............................................................................18 Transmitting a Message.......................................................................19 Relay...........................................................................................................20 i GUIDE TO RADIO COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS Relay To......................................................................................................20 Repetitions...............................................................................................21 Corrections...............................................................................................22 Canceling Messages..............................................................................22 Read Back.................................................................................................22 Acknowledgment of Messages.........................................................23 Break-In Procedure................................................................................23 Long Message Procedure....................................................................24 Phonetic Alphabet.................................................................................25 Pronunciation of Figures.....................................................................26 Mixe Groups.............................................................................................26 Standard Procedure Words-(Prowords)..........................................27 Prowords Listed Alphabetically.........................................................27 Alert Reports............................................................................................31 Flash Report.............................................................................................33 Reports from the field to higher .......................................................33 Field Flash Report...................................................................................33 Initial Report ...........................................................................................33 Interim Report ........................................................................................34 Specialist or Technical Report ...........................................................34 Message Format.....................................................................................35 Note for Assessors..................................................................................35 Examples of Transmission Reports...................................................37 Initial Assessment..................................................................................40 General Characteristics of Disaster Events 43 Landslides, Mud, and Debris Flows....................................43 General Characteristics........................................................................43 Typical Effects........................................................................................43 Assistance Needs...................................................................................43 Volcanic Eruptions..............................................................44 General characteristics........................................................................44 ii GUIDE TO RADIO COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS Typical Effects.........................................................................................44 Assistance Needs...................................................................................45 Tsunamis.............................................................................45 General Characteristics........................................................................45 Typical Effects..........................................................................................46 Assistance Needs...................................................................................46 Earthquake.........................................................................47 General Characteristics........................................................................47 Typical Effects.........................................................................................47 Assistance Needs...................................................................................47 Droughts.............................................................................48 General Characteristics........................................................................48 Typical Effects..........................................................................................49 Assistance Needs...................................................................................49 Floods..................................................................................50 General Characteristics........................................................................50 Typical Effects..........................................................................................50 Assistance Needs...................................................................................51 Chemical and Industrial Accidents....................................51 General Characteristics........................................................................51 Typical Effects..........................................................................................51 Assistance Needs...................................................................................52 Tropical Cyclones................................................................53 General Characteristics........................................................................53 Typical Adverse Effects.........................................................................53 Wind Reference Tables..........................................................................54 iii GUIDE TO RADIO COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS Displaced Populations.......................................................56 General Characteristics........................................................................56 Typical Effects..........................................................................................56 Emergency Needs..................................................................................56 iv GUIDE TO RADIO COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS Introductory Remarks and Acknowledgments This manual is written to provide a standard of operation and a guide for training and message handling techniques and net procedures for Radio Emergency Service operators at the national and as well as with local radio networks. Instructions and general operating procedures presented in this Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) are applicable to all message traffic handling. All radio operators are encouraged to use this document in training and/or activated net operations. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and DIPECHO
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Radio Communications in the Digital Age
    Radio Communications In the Digital Age Volume 1 HF TECHNOLOGY Edition 2 First Edition: September 1996 Second Edition: October 2005 © Harris Corporation 2005 All rights reserved Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 96-94476 Harris Corporation, RF Communications Division Radio Communications in the Digital Age Volume One: HF Technology, Edition 2 Printed in USA © 10/05 R.O. 10K B1006A All Harris RF Communications products and systems included herein are registered trademarks of the Harris Corporation. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION...............................................................................1 CHAPTER 1 PRINCIPLES OF RADIO COMMUNICATIONS .....................................6 CHAPTER 2 THE IONOSPHERE AND HF RADIO PROPAGATION..........................16 CHAPTER 3 ELEMENTS IN AN HF RADIO ..........................................................24 CHAPTER 4 NOISE AND INTERFERENCE............................................................36 CHAPTER 5 HF MODEMS .................................................................................40 CHAPTER 6 AUTOMATIC LINK ESTABLISHMENT (ALE) TECHNOLOGY...............48 CHAPTER 7 DIGITAL VOICE ..............................................................................55 CHAPTER 8 DATA SYSTEMS .............................................................................59 CHAPTER 9 SECURING COMMUNICATIONS.....................................................71 CHAPTER 10 FUTURE DIRECTIONS .....................................................................77 APPENDIX A STANDARDS
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Television Systems
    This page intentionally left blank Digital Television Systems Digital television is a multibillion-dollar industry with commercial systems now being deployed worldwide. In this concise yet detailed guide, you will learn about the standards that apply to fixed-line and mobile digital television, as well as the underlying principles involved, such as signal analysis, modulation techniques, and source and channel coding. The digital television standards, including the MPEG family, ATSC, DVB, ISDTV, DTMB, and ISDB, are presented toaid understanding ofnew systems in the market and reveal the variations between different systems used throughout the world. Discussions of source and channel coding then provide the essential knowledge needed for designing reliable new systems.Throughout the book the theory is supported by over 200 figures and tables, whilst an extensive glossary defines practical terminology.Additional background features, including Fourier analysis, probability and stochastic processes, tables of Fourier and Hilbert transforms, and radiofrequency tables, are presented in the book’s useful appendices. This is an ideal reference for practitioners in the field of digital television. It will alsoappeal tograduate students and researchers in electrical engineering and computer science, and can be used as a textbook for graduate courses on digital television systems. Marcelo S. Alencar is Chair Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Brazil. With over 29 years of teaching and research experience, he has published eight technical books and more than 200 scientific papers. He is Founder and President of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Communications (Iecom) and has consulted for several companies and R&D agencies.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit – 1 Overview of Optical Fiber Communication
    www.getmyuni.com Optical Fiber Communication 10EC72 Unit – 1 Overview of Optical Fiber communication 1. Historical Development Fiber optics deals with study of propagation of light through transparent dielectric waveguides. The fiber optics are used for transmission of data from point to point location. Fiber optic systems currently used most extensively as the transmission line between terrestrial hardwired systems. The carrier frequencies used in conventional systems had the limitations in handling the volume and rate of the data transmission. The greater the carrier frequency larger the available bandwidth and information carrying capacity. First generation The first generation of light wave systems uses GaAs semiconductor laser and operating region was near 0.8 μm. Other specifications of this generation are as under: i) Bit rate : 45 Mb/s ii) Repeater spacing : 10 km Second generation i) Bit rate: 100 Mb/s to 1.7 Gb/s ii) Repeater spacing: 50 km iii) Operation wavelength: 1.3 μm iv) Semiconductor: In GaAsP Third generation i) Bit rate : 10 Gb/s ii) Repeater spacing: 100 km iii) Operating wavelength: 1.55 μm Fourth generation Fourth generation uses WDM technique. i) Bit rate: 10 Tb/s ii) Repeater spacing: > 10,000 km Iii) Operating wavelength: 1.45 to 1.62 μm Page 5 www.getmyuni.com Optical Fiber Communication 10EC72 Fifth generation Fifth generation uses Roman amplification technique and optical solitiors. i) Bit rate: 40 - 160 Gb/s ii) Repeater spacing: 24000 km - 35000 km iii) Operating wavelength: 1.53 to 1.57 μm Need of fiber optic communication Fiber optic communication system has emerged as most important communication system.
    [Show full text]
  • Broadcast Television (1945, 1952) ………………………
    Transformative Choices: A Review of 70 Years of FCC Decisions Sherille Ismail FCC Staff Working Paper 1 Federal Communications Commission Washington, DC 20554 October, 2010 FCC Staff Working Papers are intended to stimulate discussion and critical comment within the FCC, as well as outside the agency, on issues that may affect communications policy. The analyses and conclusions set forth are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the FCC, other Commission staff members, or any Commissioner. Given the preliminary character of some titles, it is advisable to check with the authors before quoting or referencing these working papers in other publications. Recent titles are listed at the end of this paper and all titles are available on the FCC website at http://www.fcc.gov/papers/. Abstract This paper presents a historical review of a series of pivotal FCC decisions that helped shape today’s communications landscape. These decisions generally involve the appearance of a new technology, communications device, or service. In many cases, they involve spectrum allocation or usage. Policymakers no doubt will draw their own conclusions, and may even disagree, about the lessons to be learned from studying the past decisions. From an academic perspective, however, a review of these decisions offers an opportunity to examine a commonly-asserted view that U.S. regulatory policies — particularly in aviation, trucking, and telecommunications — underwent a major change in the 1970s, from protecting incumbents to promoting competition. The paper therefore examines whether that general view is reflected in FCC policies. It finds that there have been several successful efforts by the FCC, before and after the 1970s, to promote new entrants, especially in the markets for commercial radio, cable television, telephone equipment, and direct broadcast satellites.
    [Show full text]
  • EVOLUTION and CONVERGENCE in TELECOMMUNICATIONS 2002 2Nd Edition 2005
    the united nations 11 abdus salam educational, scientific and cultural international organization ISBN 92-95003-16-0 centre for theoretical international atomic physics energy agency lecture notes EVOLUTION AND CONVERGENCE IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS 2002 2nd Edition 2005 editors S. Radicella D. Grilli ICTP Lecture Notes EVOLUTION AND CONVERGENCE IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS 11 February - 1 March 2002 Editors S. Radicella The Abdus Salam ICTP, Trieste, Italy D. Grilli The Abdus Salam ICTP, Trieste, Italy EVOLUTION AND CONVERGENCE IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS - First edition Copyright © 2002 by The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics The Abdus Salam ICTP has the irrevocable and indefinite authorization to reproduce and dissem• inate these Lecture Notes, in printed and/or computer readable form, from each author. ISBN 92-95003-16-0 Printed in Trieste by The Abdus Salam ICTP Publications & Printing Section iii PREFACE One of the main missions of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, founded in 1964 by Abdus Salam, is to foster the growth of advanced studies and research in developing countries. To this aim, the Centre organizes a large number of schools and workshops in a great variety of physical and mathematical disciplines. Since unpublished material presented at the meetings might prove of great interest also to scientists who did not take part in the schools the Centre has decided to make it available through a new publication titled ICTP Lecture Note Series. It is hoped that this formally structured pedagogical material in advanced topics will be helpful to young students and researchers, in particular to those working under less favourable conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Communications System Utilizing Passive Satellites
    The Space Congress® Proceedings 1966 (3rd) The Challenge of Space Mar 7th, 8:00 AM Communications System Utilizing Passive Satellites Robert T. Hart Collins Radio Company Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings Scholarly Commons Citation Hart, Robert T., "Communications System Utilizing Passive Satellites" (1966). The Space Congress® Proceedings. 5. https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings/proceedings-1966-3rd/session-1/5 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Space Congress® Proceedings by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS UTILIZING PASSIVE SATELLITES Robert T. Hart Collins Radio Company Dallas, Texas Summary Dallas, Texas. The geographical locations of the sta­ tions permitted mutual visibility on many passes The era of communications systems utilizing with the passive satellites was inaugurated by the launch of satellite at an orbital height of approximately 700 miles. Operational Echo I in 1960. This was followed by Echo II in 1964. frequencies in the S-band region These preliminary experiments have proven system were chosen for maximum radio reflectivity of the sat­ feasibility and indicated deficiencies of the satellite ellite consistent with available equipment in the ground station materials and configurations. Echo III will be launched complex. in the spring of 1966 to test the latest available A set of disappointing circumstances caused the materials. Echo II satellite to be less than a perfect radio reflec­ This paper outlines the history of the passive tor, primarily due to ejection of the balloon from the satellite communications experiments to date and canister.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origination and Evolution of Radio Traffic Analysis: the World War I Era
    UNCLASSI Fl ED The Origination and Evolution of Radio Traffic Analysis: The World War I Era (b )(3)-P. L. 86-36 Not unlike the telegraph and ita influence on the American Civil War, the invention of radio had a profound affect on World War I military operations and in all conflicts since 1901. Signals intelligence, a new form. of intelligence produced from. the intercept of radio traffic, developed on a parallel course with radio during the early years of the twentieth century. Although signals intelligence was identified as a method to produce useful and critical information during war, it did not mature as a significant tool until after the ,.War to End All Wars." Radio traffic analysis, a branch of signals intelligence, was not even recognized as a separate technique until long after the First World War ended. Nevertheless, traffic analysis, or TIA, existed as a function in that era and made significant contributions to military operations and to the development ofsignals intelligence. For the American signals intelligence service, radio traffic analysis originated as a technique in the codebreaking section and with the clerks in the goniometric or Direction Finding (DF) service of the American Expeditionary Force. The early cryptanalysts developed TIA techniques to identify the originator and receiver of radio messages and to determine the more important encoded or enciphered messages to attack. TIA also evolved in the DF service with the clerks who discovered ways to produce intelligence from analysis of the externals of messages and from the location ofthe radio transmitters. The increasingly more complex communications systems which defied cryptanalytic attack provided the impetus for these developments.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Communication Systems
    Introduction to Communication Systems James Flynn Sharlene Katz Communications System Diagram Information Source and Output Transmitter Channel Receiver Input Transducer Transducer 2 Flynn/Katz - SDR July 1, 2010 Communications System Diagram Information Output Transmitter Channel Receiver Source and Input Transducer Transducer Information Source: Audio, image, text, data Input Transducer: Converts source to electric signal . Microphone . Camera . Keyboard 3 Flynn/Katz - SDR July 1, 2010 Communications System Diagram Information Output Source and Input Transmitter Channel Receiver Transducer Transducer Output Transducer: Converts electric signal to useable form . Speaker . Monitor 4 Flynn/Katz - SDR July 1, 2010 Communications System Diagram Information Output Source and Input Transmitter Channel Receiver Transducer Transducer Transmitter: . Converts electrical signal into form suitable for channel . Modulator . Amplifier 5 Flynn/Katz - SDR July 1, 2010 Communications System Diagram Information Output Source and Input Transmitter Channel Receiver Transducer Transducer Channel: Medium used to transfer signal from transmitter to receiver. Point to point or Broadcast . Wire lines . Fiber optic cable . Atmosphere . Often adds noise / weakens & distorts signal 6 Flynn/Katz - SDR July 1, 2010 Communications Channels Wireline Twisted Pair Cable Increasing bandwidth Waveguide Fiber Optics Wireless (radio): Transmission of electromagnetic waves from antenna to antenna KHz to ultraviolet Propagation characteristics vary with frequency 7
    [Show full text]
  • (NIPP) Communications Sector-Specific Plan for 2015
    Communications Sector-Specific Plan An Annex to the NIPP 2013 2015 Table of Contents Letter from the Council Chairs ................................................................................................................................. iii Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................... iv 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 2. Sector Overview ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Sector Risks ............................................................................................................................................7 2.2 Critical Infrastructure Partners .............................................................................................................. 10 3. Vision, Goals, and Priorities ................................................................................................................................. 13 4. Achieving Sector Goals ........................................................................................................................................ 16 4.1 Risk Management ................................................................................................................................. 16 4.2
    [Show full text]
  • Communications Satellites
    I. I IPAGESJ i < INASA CR OR fmx OR AD NUMBER) COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITES A CONTINUING BIBLIOGRAPHY Hard copy (HC) Microfiche (MF) NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION .J I I, i This bibliography was prepared by the Scientific and Technical Information Facility operated for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration by Documentation Incorporated ~ ~~~ NASA SP-7004 (01) COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITES A CONTINUING BIBLIOGRAPHY A selection of annotated references to unclas- sified reports and journal articles that were introduced into the NASA Information System during the period May 1964-January 1965. Scientific and Technical In formotion Division NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D.C. APRIL 1965 This document is available from the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information (OTS), Springfield, Virginia, 22 1 5 1 , for $1 .OO INTRODUCTION With the publication of this first supplement, NASA SP-7004 (Ol), to the Continuing Bibliography on “Communications Satellites” (SP-7004), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration continues its program of distributing selected references to reports and articles on aerospace topics that are currently under intensive study. The references are assembled in this form to provide a convenient source of information for use by scientists and engineers who need this kind of specialized compilation. Continuing Bibliographies are updated periodically by supplements which can be appended to the original issue. All references included in SP-7004 (01) have been announced in either Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (STAR)or International Aerospace Abstracts (IAA) and were introduced into the NASA information system during the period May, 1964-January, 1965. The transmission of information by means of communications satellites is a new tech- nique that promises to be a powerful stimulus for effective international cooperation in the investigation of space.
    [Show full text]
  • JP 6-0, Joint Communications System, 10 June 2015
    Joint Publication 6-0 T OF EN TH W E I S E' L L M H D T E F T E N A R D R A M P Y E • D • U A N C I I T R E E D M S A T F AT E S O Joint Communications System 10 June 2015 Incorporating Change 1 04 October 2019 PREFACE 1. Scope a. This publication is the keystone document for the communications system series of publications. It provides fundamental principles and guidance to plan, execute, and assess communications system support to joint operations. b. An array of information, underpinned by joint doctrine, is utilized to employ combat power across the range of military operations. The communications system provides the means to synchronize joint forces. c. Reliable, secure, and synchronized information sharing among joint forces, multinational forces, and with non-Department of Defense agencies is essential for effective command and control in today’s network-enabled environment. Information systems and networks provide the means to send, receive, share, and utilize information. The synthesis of advanced communications system capabilities and sound doctrine leads to information superiority, which is essential to success in all military operations. 2. Purpose This publication is the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) official advice concerning communications in joint operations and provides considerations for military interaction with governmental and nongovernmental agencies, multinational forces, and other interorganizational partners. It does not restrict the authority of the joint force commander (JFC) from organizing forces and executing the mission in a manner deemed most appropriate to ensure unity of effort.
    [Show full text]
  • AN INTRODUCTION to DGPS DXING V2.3
    AN INTRODUCTION TO DGPS DXING: Version 2.3 January 2019 Since this guide first appeared around eighteen years ago, then bearing the title of “ DGPS, QRM OR A NEW FORM OF DX?” it has undergone a number of updates and has been renamed as “ AN INTRODUCTION TO DGPS DXING ”. This has appeared in several versions, with a few minor updates to various listings etc. It is now 2019, and the DGPS DXing hobby has become well established and a regular pastime for many DXers, the article has been updated at regular intervals, but the title remains the same, and hopefully the contents are now more appropriate for DGPS DXers (and newcomers to this mode) in the current period. What is a DGPS Beacon? Differential GPS systems are used to help overcome the limitations in the accuracy of conventional GPS systems. By using a fixed reference point as a comparison and comparing this with positions obtained from a conventional GPS receiver, a more precise and accurate reading can be obtained by the user. A hand-held GPS receiver may be fine if you are on land, but if you're a mariner trying to navigate your way around a rocky Coast in poor weather conditions, an error of 50 feet or more can be life threatening. Of course, that is a greatly simplified summary of what is a complex system, and for most beacon enthusiasts, all you will be aware of is hearing a sound that resembles a RTTY/Navtex signal and appears at various points on the LF Bands band between 283.5 and 325 kHz.
    [Show full text]