Chapter 3 – The Niggun (Melody) ______53 1. What is The Niggun? ______53 2. The Wordless Melody ______58 3. The Niggun and Formulated Prayer ______66 4. The Inspirational Power of the Niggun Before and During Various Activities ______68 5. Niggunim for the Bridal Canopy, Marriage Festivities, and First & Second Year Chedder Pupils ______70

Chapter 4 – Dance ______71 1. Dance in the Bible ______71 2. The Importance of Dance in Chassidism ______72 3. Dancing before the Bride ______76

Chapter 5 – The Shabbat and Music ______81 1. The Shabbat and Music ______81 2. Welcoming the Shabbat ______83 3. Shabbat Songs ______85 4. The Shabbat Table in the Admor’s Court ______88

9 Chapter 6 – Music in Mysticism ______93 1. Mysticism (Kabbalah) and Chassidism ______93 2. The Importance of Music in Kabbalah ______95 3. Excerpts from the Kabbalah relating to Music ______97 4. Use of Kabbalistic Writings as Texts for Melodies ______102 5. Kabbalistic Composers ______102 6. Tunes of Meron ______103

Chapter 7 – Musical Expression in Chassidic Courts ______107 1. Modzitz Chassidism ______107 2. Chabad Chassidism ______111 3. Bratzlav Chassidism ______112

Chapter 8 – Composers and Lyricists ______115 1. Tzaddikim and the Amud haTefillah ______115 2. Rebbe-Composers ______117 3. Court Composers ______118 Modzitz Chassidim ______118 Gur Chassidim ______119 Chabad Chassidim ______120 4. Singers and the Choir ______120 5. Chassidic Chazzanim [Cantors] ______121

Chapter 9 – Famous Niggunim: Legends and Examples ______123 1. ha’Ezkerah (Niggun haYissurim) – Rabbi Israel Taub of Modzitz (1849-1921) ______123 2. The Four Babas Niggun – The Alter Rebbe of Chabad (1745-1813) _____ 126 3. Niggun haMalachim (El Adon March) – Kozenice Chassidic Court _____ 128 4. Yah Echsof – Rabbi Aharon of Karlin (1736-1772) ______129 5. Ani Ma’amin – Rabbi Azriel David Fastag – Chassid Modzitz ______130 6. The Shepherd’s Niggun – The Kalev Rebbe (1744-1821) ______130 7. Niggun haMalachim – Rabbi Yaakov Yitzhak, Seer of Lublin ______132

Chapter 10 – Adages referencing Chassidic Music ______133 1. Song ______133 2. Niggun ______134 3. Dance ______138 4. Joy and Sadness ______138 5. The Chassid and Chassidism ______140

10 Chapter 11 – The Chassidic Approach to non-Jewish Music ______143

Chapter 12 – Musical Instruments used in Chassidic music ______149

Chapter 13 – Neo-Chassidic Movements ______151 – Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach ______151

Chapter 14 – Interviews ______157 1. Rabbi Aharon Catorza, Vienna ______157 2. Rabbi Chaim Eisenberg, Vienna ______159 3. Mr. Israel Katzover, Jerusalem ______164 4. Mr. Yaakov Mazor, Jerusalem ______169 5. Mr. Saul Meizlish, Kfar Saba, Israel ______172 6. Rabbi Yishaya Meshulam Feish Halevi Rattenburg, Jerusalem ______175 7. Professor Eliyahu Schleifer, Jerusalem ______179 8. Rabbi Moshe Shur, New York, USA ______183

Chapter 15 – Appendices ______187 1. The First Meeting between the Besht and Rabbi Yaacov Yosef ______187 2. The Besht’s Role as Kindergarten Teacher’s Assistant ______189 3. Legends and Tales ______192 (i) The Diamond – For Chabad’s Day of Redemption ______192 (ii) The Holy Thief – A Life Story ______194 (iii) The Flute ______195 (iv) The Se’udah Shlishit Meal at the Rebbe ______197 (v) The Soul of the Musician ______200 (vi) The World of Music ______200

Epilogue ______203

Sheet Music and Manuscripts ______205

Notes ______209

Photographs ______215

Glossary of Rabbis and Cantors ______221 Rabbis by date of birth ______221 Chassidic Rabbis by Location ______222 Disciples of the Besht______225 Cantors ______225

References ______227

Table of Contents