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Ground and Surface Water Monitoring Program Report

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Ground and Surface Water Monitoring Program Report Phase 1 Geoscientific Desktop Preliminary Assessment of Potential Suitability for Siting a Deep Geological Repository for Canada’s Used Nuclear Fuel MUNICIPALITY OF CENTRAL HURON, ONTARIO APM-REP-06144-0126 SEPTEMBER 2015 This report has been prepared under contract to the NWMO. The report has been reviewed by the NWMO, but the views and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the NWMO. All copyright and intellectual property rights belong to the NWMO. For more information, please contact: Nuclear Waste Management Organization 22 St. Clair Avenue East, Sixth Floor Toronto, Ontario M4T 2S3 Canada Tel 416.934.9814 Toll Free 1.866.249.6966 Email [email protected] www.nwmo.ca Phase 1 Geoscientific Desktop Preliminary Assessment of Potential Suitability for Siting a Deep Geological Repository for Canada’s Used Nuclear Fuel Municipality of Central Huron Revision: 0 (Final) Prepared for: Nuclear Waste Management Organization 22 ST. Clair Avenue East, 6th Floor Toronto, Ontario M4T 2S3 Prepared by: Document ID: Central Huron_Final Main Report_R0 NWMO Report Number: APM-REP-06144-0126 September 2015 Geoscientific Desktop Suitability Assessment Study Municipalilty of Central Huron Final Report Phase 1 Geoscientific Desktop Preliminary Assessment of Potential Suitability for Siting a Deep Geological Repository for Canada’s Used Title: Nuclear Fuel, Municipality of Central Huron Client: Nuclear Waste Management Organization Document ID: Central Huron_Final Main Report_R0 Revision Number: 0 Date: September 2015 Prepared by: Kenneth Raven Reviewed by: Sean Sterling Approved by: Sean Sterling September, 2015 i Geoscientific Desktop Suitability Assessment Study Municipalilty of Central Huron Final Report EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In July 2014, the Municipality of Central Huron expressed interest in continuing to learn more about the Nuclear Waste Management Organization (NWMO) nine-step site selection process, and requested that a preliminary assessment be conducted to assess potential suitability of the Municipality for safely hosting a deep geological repository (Step 3). This request followed successful completion of an initial screening conducted during Step 2 of the site selection process. The preliminary assessment is a multidisciplinary study integrating both technical and community well- being studies, including geoscientific suitability, engineering, transportation, environment and safety, as well as social, economic and cultural considerations. The findings of the overall preliminary assessment of the Municipality of Central Huron are reported in the integrated preliminary assessment report (NWMO, 2015). This report presents the results of a geoscientific desktop preliminary assessment to determine whether the Municipality contains general areas that have the potential to meet NWMO’s geoscientific site evaluation factors. The identification of potentially suitable areas focused on the areas within the boundaries of the Municipality. Areas beyond the municipal boundaries of Central Huron were not considered. For the purpose of the assessment, geoscientific information was collected and interpreted for the Municipality and surrounding areas, referred to in this report as the “Central Huron area”. The geoscientific preliminary assessment was conducted using available geoscientific information and geoscientific characteristics that can be realistically assessed at this early stage of the site evaluation process. These include: geology; structural geology; surface conditions; protected areas; and the potential for economically exploitable natural resources. The geoscientific desktop preliminary assessment included the following review and interpretation activities: • Assembly and detailed review of available geoscientific information such as geology, structural geology, natural resources, hydrogeology and overburden deposits (surficial deposits); • Interpretation of available geophysical data; • Interpretation of available borehole geophysical data and a selected 2D seismic reflection line to provide information on the geometry and potential structural features of the subsurface bedrock geology; • Terrain analysis studies to help assess overburden (surficial deposits) type and distribution, bedrock exposures, accessibility constraints, watershed and subwatershed boundaries, and groundwater discharge and recharge zones; • Assessment of land use and protected areas including parks, conservation reserves, heritage sites and source water protection areas; and • The identification and evaluation of general potentially suitable areas based on systematic assessment of key geoscientific characteristics and constraints that can be realistically assessed at this stage of the assessment. The geoscientific desktop preliminary assessment showed the geological setting in the Municipality of Central Huron has a number of favourable characteristics for hosting a deep geological repository for used nuclear fuel. The assessment identified the Ordovician Cobourg Formation (limestone) as the September, 2015 ii Geoscientific Desktop Suitability Assessment Study Municipalilty of Central Huron Final Report preferred host rock formation for a used nuclear fuel deep geological repository. It was determined a minimum depth of 500 metres below ground surface (mBGS) would be preferred to maintain the integrity of a repository within the Cobourg Formation. Based on the key geoscientific characteristics and constraints considered in the assessment, it was concluded the Municipality of Central Huron appears to contain large areas that have the potential to meet the geoscientific site evaluation factors outlined in the site selection process document. While the Municipality of Central Huron appears to contain large areas with favourable geoscientific characteristics, there are inherent uncertainties that would need to be addressed during subsequent stages of the site evaluation process. The assumption of transferability of geoscientific characteristics and understanding based on regional data and data from the Bruce nuclear site to the Municipality of Central Huron would need to be confirmed. Also, the impact of salt and hydrocarbon resource potential on repository siting and safety would need to be further assessed. Should the Municipality of Central Huron be selected by the NWMO to advance to Phase 2 study, and remain interested in continuing with the site selection process, several years of progressively more detailed studies would be required to confirm and demonstrate whether they contain sites that can safely contain and isolate used nuclear fuel. September, 2015 iii Geoscientific Desktop Suitability Assessment Study Municipalilty of Central Huron Final Report TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... II 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Geoscientific Desktop Preliminary Assessment Approach ................................................ 2 1.3 Geoscientific Site Evaluation Factors ................................................................................... 3 1.4 Available Geoscientific Information ...................................................................................... 3 1.4.1 Geology ........................................................................................................................ 4 1.4.2 DEM, Satellite Imagery and Airborne/Ground Geophysics ............................................ 5 1.4.3 2D Seismic Data ........................................................................................................... 7 1.4.4 Deep Borehole Data ..................................................................................................... 8 1.4.5 Hydrogeology and Hydrogeochemistry ......................................................................... 8 1.4.6 Natural Resources – Economic Geology ....................................................................... 9 1.4.7 Geomechanical Properties .......................................................................................... 10 1.4.8 Seismicity and Neotectonics ....................................................................................... 11 2 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 12 2.1 Location ................................................................................................................................ 12 2.2 Physiography and Topography ........................................................................................... 12 2.2.1 Physiographic Regions and Terrain Features ............................................................. 12 2.2.2 Topography and Ground Elevation ............................................................................. 13 2.3 Drainage ................................................................................................................................ 14 2.3.1 Waterbodies and Wetlands ......................................................................................... 14 2.3.2 Watersheds ................................................................................................................
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