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Type Your Uppercase Title Here ARTISTS AND NEIGHBORHOOD CHANGE: A CASE STUDY OF THE LOWERTOWN ARTS DISTRICT AND THE KERNVILLE ARTS DISTRICT A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Christopher W. Tartoni June 2007 This thesis titled ARTISTS AND NEIGHBORHOOD CHANGE: A CASE STUDY OF THE LOWERTOWN ARTS DISTRICT AND THE KERNVILLE ARTS DISTRICT by CHRISTOPHER W. TARTONI has been approved for the Department of Geography and the College of Arts and Sciences by Nancy R. Bain Professor of Geography Benjamin M. Ogles Dean, College of Arts and Sciences Abstract TARTONI, CHRISTOPHER W. M.A., June 2007, Geography ARTISTS AND NEIGHBORHOOD CHANGE: A CASE STUDY OF THE LOWERTOWN ARTS DISTRICT AND THE KERNVILLE ARTS DISTRICT (102 pp.) Director of Thesis: Nancy R. Bain In this thesis, I employ a variety of methods to examine the changes in two neighborhoods, The Lowertown Neighborhood in Paducah, Kentucky and The Kernville Neighborhood in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, where each have recently launched programs designed to attract artists to renovate the housing stock. This thesis asks how these two arts districts were formed and what their morphology is, or how the physical form and the function of spaces that have been transformed. This thesis also examines the extent of gentrification that has occurred in Lowertown since the inception of the Artist Relocation Program in August of 2000. Throughout this thesis, comparisons are made to the SoHo (South Houston) Arts District in New York City, a thoroughly studied neighborhood that has experienced arts-driven revitalization and gentrification. Approved: _____________________________________________________________ Nancy R. Bain Professor of Geography Acknowledgments I would like to thank Tom Barnett (Director of Planning in Paducah, KY), Jim White (Economic Development Coordinator for the City of Johnstown, PA), Mark Palmer (Artist), and Jay Downs Siska (Artist and author) for putting aside some time for their interviews. I would like to thank Char Downs for providing pictures from her and her husband’s book. I would also like to thank my thesis committee, Dr. Timothy Anderson, Dr. Geoffrey Buckley, and Dr. Nancy Bain, for their suggestions and their guidance throughout this process. I would also like to thank Dr. William Kory and the rest of the Geography Department at the University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown for pushing me to the graduate level. Finally, I would like to thank my wife, Nicole, for also pushing me to Ohio University, coming with me to Ohio University, and suggesting this idea for my thesis. If there is anyone I have left out, I would like to thank you too. 5 Table of Contents Page ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................................3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.............................................................................................................................4 LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................................6 LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................................7 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................8 RESEARCH QUESTIONS................................................................................................................................9 RESEARCH SITES .......................................................................................................................................10 RESEARCH METHODS ................................................................................................................................14 OUTLINE OF THESIS...................................................................................................................................16 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE RELATED TO ARTS DISTRICTS..............................17 CONCEPTUALIZING ART SPACE.................................................................................................................18 CONFLICT, GENTRIFICATION, AND ARTS DISTRICTS .................................................................................20 ARTS AS A TOOL FOR URBAN REDEVELOPMENT.......................................................................................25 CHAPTER 3: THE FORMATION OF THE LOWERTOWN ARTS DISTRICT AND THE KERNVILLE ARTS DISTRICT ...............................................................................................................30 THE LOWERTOWN ARTIST RELOCATION PROGRAM (PADUCAH, KENTUCKY) ...........................................31 THE KERNVILLE ARTIST RELOCATION PROGRAM (JOHNSTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA) ...................................39 ANALYSIS OF THE FORMATION OF BOTH ARTS DISTRICTS ........................................................................46 CHAPTER 4: THE MORPHOLOGY OF LOWERTOWN AND KERNVILLE.................................52 THE MORPHOLOGY OF LOWERTOWN ........................................................................................................53 THE MORPHOLOGY OF KERNVILLE ...........................................................................................................66 CHAPTER 5: GENTRIFICATION AND THE LOWERTOWN ARTS DISTRICT..........................73 CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTS DRIVEN GENTRIFICATION .............................................................................74 MAPPING GENTRIFICATION IN LOWERTOWN.............................................................................................79 DISCUSSION OF GENTRIFICATION IN LOWERTOWN ...................................................................................85 CRITICISM, CONFLICT, AND GENTRIFICATION IN LOWERTOWN.................................................................87 PREVENTING ANOTHER SOHO...................................................................................................................90 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS.................................................................................................................92 REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................99 6 List of Tables Tables Page 5.1 Number of property transactions and average sale price year-by-year………… 82 7 List of Figures Figure Page Figure 1.1 Location of The Lowertown Arts District....................................................... 12 Figure 1.2 Location of the Kernville Arts District............................................................ 14 Figure 3.1 Maps displaying median household income and median value of owner- occupied structures in Paducah................................................................................. 33 Figure 3.2 Maps displaying percentage of renter-occupied structures and percentage of vacant units in Paducah............................................................................................. 33 Figure 3.3 Maps showing median household income and median value of owner- occupied structures in Johnstown.. ........................................................................... 42 Figure 3.4 Maps showing the percentage of renter-occupied units and percentage of vacant units in Johnstown ......................................................................................... 42 Figure 4.1 Photo of Lowertown house markers................................................................ 52 Figure 4.2 Photo of the interior of the "O" Gallery .......................................................... 55 Figure 4.3 Photo of the “O” Gallery during renovations.................................................. 56 Figure 4.4 Photo of the “O Gallery” after renovations. .................................................... 56 Figure 4.5 Photo of Lowertown’s Cowhouse during the 1937 flood ............................... 57 Figure 4.6 Photo of Lowertown’s Cowhouse renovated by an artists .............................. 57 Figure 4.7 Photo a decaying house ................................................................................... 58 Figure 4.8 Photo of Figure 4.7 after renovations.............................................................. 58 Figure 4.9 Photo of Lowertown historic markers and lightpoles...................................... 59 Figure 4.10 Map of cultural facilities and festival spaces in Paducah.............................. 61 Figure 4.11 Photo of the exterior of Mark Palmer's Gallery ............................................ 63 Figure 4.12 Photo of the exterior of Mark Palmer’s gallery after renovations................. 63 Figure 4.13 Photo of Mark Palmer's gallery space. .......................................................... 65 Figure 4.14 Photo of Mark Palmer's living space............................................................. 65 Figure 4.15 Photo of Mark Palmer's studio space. ........................................................... 66 Figure 4.16 Zoning map of Kernville in 2005 .................................................................. 68 Figure 4.17 Photo of The IDEAL Market in Kernville .................................................... 69 Figure 4.18 Photo of a commercial structure in Kernville...............................................
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