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Education & Business EDUCATION & BUSINESS ISRAEL Ministry of Education Science and Technology Administration EDUCATION AND BUSINESS STUDY Israel Education and Business: Israel 2 Table of contents Introduction 7 List of abbreviations 8 1. Executive summary 9 2. Context 10 3. National policies 13 4. Cooperation between the education systems and the business sector 16 5. Conclusions 27 6. Recommendations 28 7. References 30 Appendix 1: Sociocultural context – General data 32 Appendix 2: Socioeconomic context – General data 34 Appendix 3 The ORT Israel network 35 Appendix 3 The ORT Israel network 36 Appendix 4: The AMAL network 37 Appendix 5: Cooperation between secondary education and the business sector 38 Appendix 6: Cooperation between post-secondary education and the business sector 43 Appendix 7: Cooperation between tertiary education and the business sector 45 Education and Business: Israel 3 Education and Business: Israel 4 Acknowledgements Authors: Osnat Hachmon and Dr Eli Eisenberg, ORT Israel Committee members: 1. Dr Florence Azran, Ministry of Education 2. Nisim Ohana, Ministry of Education 3. Ron Bar Yoseph, Ministry of Industry, Trade and Labor 4. Sofi Artzev, Central Bureau of Statistics 5. Dr Tal Lotan, Manufacturers’ Association of Israel 6. Michael Oren, Manufacturers’ Association of Israel 7. Dr Eli Eisenberg (Chairman), ORT Israel network 8. Osnat Hachmon, ORT Israel network 9. Dr Ronit Ashkenazy, AMAL network 10. Refaella Ballas, AMAL network Education and Business: Israel 5 Education and Business: Israel 6 INTRODUCTION Many countries around the world are reinforcing the capacity of their education and training systems to respond to the pressures of globalisation and the challenges of the knowledge society. Closer cooperation between business and education is one of the tools for providing learners with new skills and competencies for work. However, the knowledge that is available regarding the current forms and modes of cooperation between the education and economic sectors, and the roles and responsibilities of the different stakeholders, is limited and fragmented. Directorate General for Education and Culture has commissioned the ETF to carry out a study on education and business cooperation in the neighbouring countries and territories of the EU with the aim of: . drawing up an inventory of existing cooperation between education and business; . identifying the extent to which EU approaches and policies are relevant to those of its neighbours; . providing tailored information and recommendations to national policymakers and donors for future programming initiatives and capacity-building measures. For the purpose of this study, the term ‘education’ includes vocational education and training (VET), and post-secondary non-tertiary and tertiary education, including public and private institutions. The term ‘business’ covers any entity that undertakes economic activity, regardless of its legal status. This can include multinationals, public and private large companies and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), micro-businesses and actors in the informal economy, social partners (employers’ and employees’ organisations, civil society organisations and their training bodies) as well as national, regional and local authorities. While the focus of the study will be to identify and reflect on policy or strategically driven approaches to cooperation, it will also consider education and business cooperation in a very broad sense, to mean any kind of relevant policy provision and/or formalised or non-formalised interaction between an education/training provider and a business organisation. The current paper relates specifically to the situation in Israel. It has been elaborated as a self- assessment, and follows a study method that consists of desk research, data collection and working group meetings. During this intensive consultation process, which was facilitated by ORT Israel, the main national stakeholders (representatives from relevant ministries, social partners, the education system, businesses and civil society) discussed the current situation and put forward recommendations for its improvement. Based on the key discussion points and messages, Dr Eli Eisenberg and Osnat Hachmon from ORT Israel produced this report. A final dissemination seminar was planned for October 2010. The current paper will serve as an input for a regional ETF study that is relevant for the context of the European Neighbourhood South Partnership Instrument region and for a cross-country ETF study of education and business cooperation (examining the findings of all countries with which the ETF cooperates); these are both due to be published in the spring of 2011. Education and Business: Israel 7 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CEO Chief Executive Officer ETF European Training Foundation EU European Union HR Human Resource IAESI Israel Association of Electronics and Software Industries IDF Israel Defence Forces IPLMA Israel Purchasing and Logistics Managers Association ISQ Israel Society for Quality IT Information Technologies MAI Manufacturers’ Association of Israel MoE Ministry of Education MoITL Ministry of Industry, Trade and Labor MoST Ministry of Science and Technology NCRD National Council for Research and Development R&D Research & development SDVTHR Senior Division for Vocational Training and Human Resource or Senior Division for the Training and Development of Human Resources SME Small and medium-sized enterprises VET Vocational education and training Education and Business: Israel 8 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Israel lies at the south-west tip of the continent of Asia, to the east of the Mediterranean Sea. It covers an area of 22 072km2. It has a population density of 321 people per square kilometre. On 31 December 2009 the population was estimated at 7 509 000 inhabitants1. The average age in Israel is 29.1 years, and the GPD per capita for 2007 was USD 23 257. Education in Israel can be divided into four main phases (or levels), according to the age of the learners: primary, secondary, post-secondary and tertiary. The level of cooperation between the education sector and the business sector varies greatly depending on the different age groups of the school children and students. In recent years there has been a greater awareness of the need for cooperation between the education system and the business sector, the main objectives of which are: . to enhance and streamline the training of qualified human resources at all levels, in accordance with the changing needs of the business sector; . to update and adapt the curricula at all levels of education to the needs of industry and of the Israel Defence Forces (IDF); . to encourage specific population group (girls, Arabs, ultra-orthodox Jews) to work in the manufacturing sector; . to promote the transfer of knowledge from academia to industry, and vice versa; . to introduce students at all levels to the experience and activities of the business sector and to encourage them to integrate into the workforce in the future. Cooperation between primary schools and the business sector is currently conducted mainly through Taasiyeda2 in conjunction with the Ministry of Education (MoE) and the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Labor (MoITL). These activities are partly funded by the schools, which do not receive any special budget for this purpose. In recent years there has been a significant change both in secondary schools and in the business sector regarding their understanding of the need for mutual cooperation. The Manufacturers’ Association of Israel (MAI) has significantly increased its involvement in the area of technological- vocational training, and at the same time the MoE has sought to promote and increase the number of students in technological-vocational education. Nevertheless, there are currently no government incentives to encourage industries and employers to establish cooperative projects with secondary schools; any cooperation that does take place is still mainly at the instigation of a particular manufacturer, and is a local activity rather than one based on an organised, ongoing, long-term process. In post-secondary education, most vocational training in Israel is conducted following national army service; it is funded and supervised by government bodies (mainly the MoITL) and non-governmental bodies and associations (such as JDC-Israel3), and executed by the technology education networks and private training companies. Despite the great need for the involvement of the business sector to promote and develop the human resources of Israeli society in relation to areas of its economic growth, and to increase the participation of women, Arabs, ultra-orthodox Jews and people with disabilities in the labour market, it is difficult to find businesses that are ready to cooperate. Similarly, there is no coordination between the needs and demands of employers and the supply in the labour market, and the involvement of the partner companies is very limited. 1 Population estimates do not include foreigners residing in Israel. 2 Taasiyeda is an educational, non-profit association of the Manufacturers’ Association of Israel. 3 American Jewish Joint Committee. Education and Business: Israel 9 Cooperation between tertiary education and the business sector takes place on two main levels: mentoring students, and promoting R&D in both tertiary education and industry. The mentoring of students by managers and developers in industry gives students practical experience in large-scale project execution, as part of a development
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