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COVID-19 Contributes to Dip in Year-On-Year Completions Authors CTBUH Research Paper ctbuh.org/papers Title: Tall Buildings in 2020: COVID-19 Contributes To Dip in Year-On-Year Completions Authors: Subject: COVID Keywords: COVID-19 Supertall World's Tallest Publication Date: 2021 Original Publication: CTBUH Journal 2021 Issue I Paper Type: 1. Book chapter/Part chapter 2. Journal paper 3. Conference proceeding 4. Unpublished conference paper 5. Magazine article 6. Unpublished © Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat / CTBUH Year in Review: Tall Trends of 2020 Tall Buildings in 2020: COVID-19 Contributes To Dip in Year-On-Year Completions Abstract In 2020, the tall building industry constructed 106 buildings of 200 meters’ height or greater, a 20 percent decline from 2019, when 133 such buildings were completed.* The decline can be partly attributed to work stoppages and other impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. This report provides analysis and commentary on global and regional trends underway during an eventful year. Research Project Kindly Sponsored by: Note: Please refer to Tall Buildings in Numbers—The Global Tall Building Picture: Impact of 2020 in conjunction with this Schindler paper, pages 48–49. *The study sets a minimum threshold of 200 meters’ height because of the completeness of data available on buildings of that height. Keywords: Construction, COVID-19, Development, Height, Hotel, Megatall, Mixed-Use, Office, Residential, Supertall Introduction This is the second year in a row in which Center (New York City) completed, that the the completion figure declined. In 2019, tallest building of the year was in the For many people, 2020 will be remembered the reasons for this were varied, though United States. as the year that nothing went to plan. The the change in the tall building climate in same can be said for the tall building China, with public policy statements This is also the first year since 2014 in which industry. As a global pandemic took hold in against needless production of there has not been at least one building the first quarter, numerous projects around exceedingly tall buildings, constituted a taller than 500 meters completed. the world, at various stages, ground to a strong factor that has persisted into 2020. halt as restrictions on assembly came into force. It is therefore not surprising that 2020 The tallest building to complete in 2020 Effects of COVID-19 yielded 106 completions of buildings 200 was Central Park Tower in New York City, at meters and taller, a 20 percent decline from 472 meters. This is the first time in five As with most other enterprises, the degree 133 in 2019, and nearing a level last seen in years in which the tallest completed to which the COVID-19 pandemic directly 2014, when 105 such buildings were building was not in China, and the first affected the construction schedule of a tall constructed (see Figure 1). time since 2014, when One World Trade building in 2020 was highly variable in relation to local regulations and the ability of the contractor to keep a sufficient number of workers on-site. CTBUH is anecdotally aware of nine projects across Malaysia, India and Brazil whose completion schedules were pushed into There were 106 completions of 2021 as a direct consequence of COVID-19. 200-meter-plus“ buildings, a 20 percent There were mandated work stoppages in cities such as New York and San Francisco, decline from 2019, and nearing a level last though these could not be traced to any specific delays. As tall buildings are often seen in 2014, when 105 such buildings were lagging economic indicators, any chilling effect that economic conditions or work constructed.This is the second year in a row interruptions may have had on new project starts, or projects that were under in which the completion figure declined. construction in 2020 and were scheduled ” to be completed in 2021 or later, remains to be seen. It must be remembered, the economic crisis of 2008 was not reflected 40 | CTBUH Year in Review CTBUH Journal | 2021 Issue I 180 170 2,000 1,883 MAX 160 1,858 1,800 1,733 MIN 150 MAX 150 148 1,600 143 140 136 1,400 133 130 125 MIN 1,200 120 117 110 1,000 105 106 Number of 200 m+ buildings 100 800 Projected number of 200 m+ 90 610 600 85 buildings 80 Number of supertalls (300 m+) 400 73 71 71 70 262 221 Projected number of MAX 191 200 supertalls (300 m+) 145 205 60 28 71 50 MIN Number of megatalls (600 m+) 15 13 26 54 51 6 11 11 3 7 0 50 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2021 Projected number of megatalls (600 m+) 40 33 30 31 32 30 MAX Notes: 27 26 23 1. We can predict 2021 building 22 21 completions with some accuracy, 20 19 18 18 14 15 16 16 15 15 due to projects now in advanced 13 MIN 11 12 11 construction. A range is given to 10 9 99 9 9 10 7 8 8 8 acknowledge the challenging factors 5 666 6 5 3 3 33 3 4 3 in predicting completion dates. 1 1 221 222 11111 2 11 1 0 2. Totals after 2001 take into account the destruction of the World Trade 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Center Towers 1 and 2. Figure 1. Main chart: Number of 200-meter-plus buildings completed in each year from 1980 to 2020, with a 2021 projection. Inset: Total number of 200-meter-plus buildings in existence at decade’s end, from 1930 to 2020, with a 2021 projection. Europe: 8 7.5% on skylines, in terms of lower completion from 57 in 2019 and 92 in 2018. Asia Oceania: 2 1.9% rates, until 2010 and 2011. (excluding the Middle East) accounted for 66 percent of the global total, compared to a 69 percent share in 2019 (see Figure 2). Key Worldwide Market Snapshots The second-most prolific country was the Middle East: 14 It can be assumed that many more projects United Arab Emirates, which completed 13.2% than discussed previously encountered twelve 200-meter-plus buildings, followed difficulties due to COVID-19, if indirectly. by the United States with 10, and the North America: 12 11.3% Asia: 70 And of course, there were other reasons for United Kingdom with five (see Figures 3 66.0% delays. One project in New York became and 4). India completed three 200-meter- embroiled in a zoning dispute. Work on plus buildings in 2020, all of which are in Baku Tower was halted due to Azerbaijan’s Mumbai, and two of which, World One and military conflict with Armenia. World View, are in the same complex, and are the city’s and country’s new tallest China alone still completed more than half buildings. Mexico had two entries in the Figure 2. Buildings 200 meters or taller completed in the total buildings in the study (56), down 200-meter-plus club, with Monterrey, 2020, by region. CTBUH Journal | 2021 Issue I CTBUH Year in Review | 41 80 Countries Cities completing a 200 m+ building 70 Countries completing a 200 m+ building Cities 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Figure 3. Number of cities and countries completing a 200-meter-plus building, 1978–2020. 60 Total Number Sum of Heights (m) 20,000 Note: Only countries with at least two completions in 2020 are included in this chart. One 200 m+ tall building was also completed during 2020 48 in these countries: Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Turkey. 16,000 Sum of Heights (m) 36 12,000 ompletions 24 8,000 Number of C 12 4,000 0 0 China UAE US UK South Korea India Japan Russia Australia Mexico Thailand Figure 4. Buildings 200 meters or taller completed in 2020, by country. the northern industrial capital, and its The most prolific skyscraper-building city city four times in a row from 2015 to 2019. In well-heeled neighbor San Pedro Garza this year was Dubai, with 12 completions, 2020, Shenzhen completed nine such Garcia each contributing one completion. T. accounting for all of the UAE’s 200-meter- buildings, down from 18 in 2019, dropping Op Torre 1 in Monterrey (305 meters), is the plus buildings and topping its 2019 total by the south China megacity to second place. first supertall to complete in Mexico. It is three (see Figure 5). The last time Dubai held notable that this occurred outside Mexico this title was 2010, the year the world’s There were 16 cities to get a new tallest City, traditionally the locus of the nation’s current tallest building, the Burj Khalifa, was building, down from 19 in 2018 and 20 in tall building activity. completed. This broke the streak of 2019 (see Table 1). Shenzhen, which was the world-champion 42 | CTBUH Year in Review CTBUH Journal | 2021 Issue I Cities With the Two Tallest Buildings in and higher. The first time, in 1930, the Bank completed. The third was in 1963, when One Year of Manhattan Building (283 meters) briefly the MetLife (Pan Am) Building (246 became the world’s tallest building, but was meters) and 277 Park Avenue (209 New York City had the two tallest buildings surpassed by a cleverly-disguised spire meters) both completed.
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