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Home , Agyrrhius, Cleruchy, Dion of Syracuse, Mazaeus, Second Athenian League

Index

Athens and are mentioned throughout this book: under their names topics are indexed but not events or individuals. Many entries are arranged chronologically, and for this purpose the fourth century (‘C4’) is treated as beginning in 404.

Abdera: in 269 Aetna Abydus: in 153–4 at Catana 81–2 : in Peloponnesian at Inessa 83, 317, 318 War 108–10 Aetolia Achaea in Peloponnesian War 103, 110 390’s 246 C4 287 360’s 234–5, 254–5, 289 Agatharchus of , painter 222 Acragas Agathocles, of Syracuse 328, temples 82, 219 330 early C5 78–81 Agesilaus II, king of Sparta 240–59; mid C5 82–4 cf. 225–30, 235, 282–3, 286, 384 and Carthage late C5 313–17 Agesipolis I, king of Sparta 245, 247–8 Ada of 361–3, 409 Agis II, king of Sparta Aegeae (Vergina) 220, 222, 335, 360 in 418 135–6 at Decelea 147, 149, 159–60, 173 in First Peloponnesian War 48 Elean war and death 240 430’s 88, 91, 93–5COPYRIGHTEDAgis III, kingMATERIAL of Sparta 385–6, 396 in Peloponnesian War 107, 114, 115 Agyrrhius of Athens 263, 298, 304, Aegospotami: battle in 405 158 306 of Athens 213, 346, 347–51, of Athens 352, 355, 375–9, 382; cf. 237, 303, early career 128, 133–7, 138, 163–5 333 Sicilian expedition 139–44, 146–7 of Athens, tragedian religious scandals 140–1, 166–7 in Athens 44–6, 212 later career 150–8, 169–78 in 81 in 179 in Aristophanes’ Frogs 179 I, king of Macedon 335 446 INDEX

Alexander II, king of Macedon 288–9 Androtion of Athens: governor of Alexander III (the Great), king of Arcesine 275 Macedon 388–426; cf. 220, 222, Antalcidas of Sparta 224–5, 338, 356, 358, 359–60, in 392 227, 245 378–84 in Hellespont in 387 228–9, 246–7 Alexander, king of Molossis 330, 353, Peace of, in 387/6 229–30, 247; cf. 360 160, 196, 197, 231, 263–6, 282–3 Alexander, tyrant of Pherae 288–90; suicide 234 cf. 235, 272–3, 339 of Macedon 349, 360, 384, : cities founded by 386, 411, 415, 423 Alexander 395, 396–7, 410–11 Antiphon of Athens: in 411 172–4, Alyzia: battle in 375 231, 250, 269 182, 213 Ambracia Antiphon of Athens, ‘the sophist’, in Peloponnesian War 108–10 sometimes identifi ed with the garrisoned by 237, 357 above 182, 216 Ammon, oracle of of Colophon, painter 222 and 240 Apollodorus of Athens, painter 222 and Alexander 395, 417–19, 421 Arcadia Amorges, Persian rebel 119, 150–1 to 479 4, 24–5 Amorgus: in Second Athenian 470’s–460’s 25 League 275 in Peloponnesian War 105, 136 Amphipolis C4 233–5, 252–6, 271, 273, 288–91, Nine Ways 21–2 345 Athenian colony 75 see also Mantinea, Megalopolis, Tegea in Peloponnesian War 117–18, 120, Archelaus, king of Macedon 138, 286, 193–4 335 360’s 232–4, 271–3 Archidamus II, king of Sparta 30, 32, in reign of Philip 274, 276–7, 337–8, 92, 96–7, 107 347–8, 352 Archidamus III, king of Sparta 384–5; Amyntas III, king of Macedon 286, 335 cf. 259, 346 Amyntas of Macedon, son of Perdiccas Argaeus, claimant to throne of III 335, 340, 390 Macedon 274, 337–8 of Clazomenae, philosopher Arginusae Islands: battle in 406 157–8, and associate of 72 177 of , Argos philosopher 214 to 479 25, 26 Anaximenes of Miletus, 470’s–460’s 26–7 philosopher 214 in First Peloponnesian War 45, 47, Anaxilas, tyrant of Rhegium 78, 81–2 49–50, 57 of Athens in Archidamian War 101, 103, 105, on Peace of Epilycus 119–20, 150 115, 120 and religious scandals of 415 165–7, later in Peloponnesian War 132–8, 226, 304 140, 148, 164 on democratic restoration in 410 175 early C4 227–30, 245–7 and peace negotiations of 392/1 226, skytalismos in 370/69 252 227–8, 306 360’s 254 speech Against Alcibiades attributed Ariobarzanes, of to 165 Dascylium 258–9; cf. 234, 254, : in Second Athenian League 275 272, 289 INDEX 447

Aristides of Athens 19–20, 35–8 epheboi 61, 202, 380–1 Aristophanes of Athens, comedian 91, fi nance 51, 63–4, 73, 90, 97–100, 93, 119, 124–5, 139, 168, 179, 172, 299, 367–73, 380 191–2, 212, 263, 305 Four Hundred 168–75; cf. 152 Aristophon of Athens 308, 349, 374–5 generals 65–6, 374 of Stagira, philosopher 214, lawcourts 41–2, 60–1, 64–5, 294, 217–18, 416–19 296, 299, 301–2, 368, 374 Athenian Constitution attributed to 8, laws and decrees 176, 294, 296–8 126, 168–75, 217, 293–6 , 5, 38–9, 41, 67, 71, , historian 389 164–5, 303 Artabazus, satrap of Dascylium 258–9, probouloi 168–9 275, 342, 354, 396 proedroi 299–301 , King of Persia 39–40 prytaneis 43, 63, 299–301 Artaxerxes II, King of Persia 256–9; secretaries 299–301 cf. 226, 240, 361 stipends 60–1, 170–1, 172, 298–9, Artaxerxes III, King of Persia 361–5; 368 cf. 259 Thirty 293–6; cf. 178, 181 Artaxerxes IV, King of Persia 363, 365 plague 430–427/6 104, 118–19, 128 Arthmius of Zelea 49 population of citizens and Arybbas, king of Molossis 338, 353 others 61–2, 161, 203–5, 296, 299 of Miletus: mistress of see also Pericles 72 Attalus of Macedon 359, 390–1 Astyochus of Sparta 151–2 Aulis: Agesilaus’ attempted sacrifi ce at Athenian League, Second 243, 282 foundation and history 263–78; cf. 160, 196, 197, 231, 232–3, 283–5 395 introduction of syntaxeis 286 of Iulis (on Ceos) 81, after Leuctra 271–5; cf. 287 211–12 Social War 275–6; cf. 236, 267 Bagoas, grand vizier of Persia 364–5 268, 277, 348 dissolved after Chaeronea 278, 357; in First Peloponnesian War 49–50, 57 cf. 237 in Peloponnesian War 103, 110, 115, Athens 116, 120, 132–4, 147, 149, 153 external affairs 14–23, 47–58, 73–5, imitation by Athenian oligarchs in 183–99, 261–78 411 171–2 internal affairs 34–46, 59–72, early C4 279–83; cf. 227–30, 240, 122–30, 163–82, 293–310, 367–84 244–8 buildings 370’s–360’s 283–91; cf. 231–2, 235, on 53, 56, 67–9, 90, 250–1, 266 128–9, 168, 179–81, 189, 218 settlements in 338/7 and 335 355, 391 in 43, 70, 129, 181, 302–3, 380 see also Orchomenus, Plataea, Thebes, 48, 70, 159, 218, 262 Thespiae on pnyx 174, 181, 182, 303, 380 Boeotius of Sparta, possible Treaty stadium and theatre 218, 380 of 156, 196, 226 institutions Bosporan kingdom () 75 archons 41, 59–60, 63, 64–5 Brasidas of Sparta 105, 109, 114, 116, assembly 62–4, 66–7, 296–9 117–18, 123, 185, 193–4, 420 council of fi ve hundred 41–3, 61, buildings 218–19; see also individual 62–4, 65, 172, 175, 176, 178 places 448 INDEX

Byzantium Chares of Athens 273–5, 308–9, 339, 470’s 18, 21, 22, 29–30 343, 354–5, 356, 364, 374 supports 440–439 73 Charidemus of Oreus and Athens 344, in Peloponnesian War 152, 155–6, 158 356, 377–9, 391 in Second Athenian League 264–7, Chersonese: C4 233–4, 272–3, 276, 273, 275, 289 339, 349, 353–4 ally of Thebes 288, 342 children 201–2 besieged by Philip 354 in 73, 184 Callias of Athens: fi nancial decrees in Peloponnesian War 101, 114, 115, of 90, 95, 98 149–52, 185, 186 Callias of Athens: possible Peace of 17, in Second Athenian League 264–7; 53–4, 73, 184, 196, 197, 263 cf. 231, 273, 275, 289 Callicratidas of Sparta 157–8 and 275, 362–3 Callippus of Athens: tyrant of and Alexander 393, 409 Syracuse 326–7 of Athens 21–2, 30, 37–41, 43, Callisthenes of 389, 397, 413, 44–5, 47–51, 53, 60–1, 184 420, 421–3 Cinadon of Sparta 241 Callistratus of Athens 306–8; cf. 232, Clazomenae: and Peace of 270, 271–2, 285 Antalcidas 228–9, 263 Caria: Persian satrapy C4 361–4; Clearchus of Sparta 152, 239–40 cf. 257–9 Cleinias of Athens: tribute decree 54–5, Carthage 99, 184, 192 early interest in Sicily 78–9, 81 Cleombrotus I, king of Sparta 248–51; in Peloponnesian War 128, 139, 140, cf. 264, 283, 285, 286–7 142, 157 Cleomenes II, king of Sparta 251, 384, in Sicily after 413 313–30 386 Carthaginian proxenos of of Athens 52, 72, 103, 111, 114, Boeotians 289–90 117–18, 124–5, 126–8, 190–2 Carystus: in Delian League 21–3 Cleonymus of Athens 99, 128, 167, 185 catapults 318, 354, 407 of Athens 155, 159, 164, Ceos: in Second Athenian League 235, 176–9 273–4 Cephalus of Athens 305–7 in Delian League 56, 187 Cephisodotus of Athens, sculptor 220 in Second Athenian League 234, Cersebleptes, Thracian ruler 274, 276, 265–7; see also Chersonese, Imbros, 277, 339, 342, 349–50, 353 Lemnos, Potidaea, Samos, Scyros of Athens 236, 245, 249–50, Clitus of Macedon 393, 397, 403, 413 257–9, 262, 264, 268–9, 271, Cnidus: battle in 394 227, 244, 245, 273–5, 306–9 262 Chaeronea Coenus of Macedon 411–14; cf. 398, in First Peloponnesian War 57 406 in Peloponnesian War 116 coinage battle in 338 356, 366; cf. 237, 278, in general 11, 208 284 in Delian League 48, 55, 185, 187 Chalcidians see Olynthus in west C5 82–3, 85 in Athens late C5 100, 157 c.446 56, 57 of and c.342 277, 344, 353 Pharnabazus 150, 220 INDEX 449

ΣΥΝ coinage 240 in Sparta C4 241 in 478 18 of 273 mid C5 48–9, 51, 53, 184 of Hecatomnos 362 C4 257–8; cf. 228, 229, 364 in west C4 313, 318, 329 Cyrus of Persia, son of Darius II of Philip 338 156–8, 160, 225, 226, 240, Conon of Athens 256–7 in Peloponnesian War 154, 155, Cythera: in Peloponnesian War 103, 157–8, 177–8 104, 115, 148, 149, 160 C4 227, 242–4, 245, 257, 261–2, Cyzicus: battle in 410 155, 175 269, 305, 307 Corcyra Darius II, King of Persia 119–20, 150, 430’s 88–90, 93–5, 107 156 in Peloponnesian War 101, 104–5, Darius III, King of Persia 365, 391–6, 109, 110–11, 155 404–6 in Second Athenian League 232, Decelea: in Peloponnesian War 100, 250, 269–70, 274 143, 147–8, 149, 159, 170, 173, Corinth 174, 175–6, 282 in First Peloponnesian War 47–8 Delian League 17–23, 47–58, 73–5, 430’s 88–94, 107 183–99; cf. 30, 69, 97–100, 159, in Archidamian War 104–5, 108–9, 167, 239, 265–7 120 Delium: battle in 424/3 102, 116 later in Peloponnesian War 130–7, 142, 144, 147, 149–51 in Delian League 19–21, 51, 59, 184, early C4 227–8, 240, 243, 244–7, 188 262 in Peloponnesian War 115, 160, 188 360’s 234–5, 255, 273, 289 C4 160, 262–3, 270, 357, 379 and ’s liberation of Syracuse 327–9 mid C5 50, 56–7, 85 garrisoned by Philip 237, 357 in Peloponnesian War 100 Corinth, League of 357–9; cf. 237, 278, and Jason of Pherae 287 391, 396, 402, 409, 415, 416, 423 and Thebes 360’s 236, 251, 290 244–7; cf. 196, temple of Apollo rebuilt C4 219, 227–30, 262 251, 290, 342, 347 Coronea Third Sacred War 340–3, 345–51; battle in 447/6 57 cf. 236, 290 battle in 394 245 Fourth Sacred War 355–6; cf. 237, craftsmen and traders 205–7 278 Craterus of Macedon 398, 406–7, dedications 413–15 serpent column 30 Crimisus, River: battle in 341 329 Polyzelus’ charioteer 80, 86, 220 of Athens 175–6, 177, 217, Syracuse after 413 147 294–5 navarchs dedication 159; cf. 253, Croton 290 C5 85–6 dancing girls column 270 C4 320–1, 322, 330 360’s 290 Curtius (Q. Curtius Rufus), Athens before 340 355 historian 388–9 of Athens 377–9, 382–4; Cynossema: battle in 411 153 cf. 334, 356, 423 450 INDEX

Demarete, daughter of Theron of Dionysius II, tyrant of Syracuse 323–8 Acragas 70, 79, 82 divine and heroic honours for mortals democracy Hagnon and Brasidas 75, 118, 420 in Asia Minor under Lysander 159, 420 Alexander 408–9 rejected by Agesilaus 240–1, 420 in Athens under 40–6; Dion 326, 420 cf. 60–2 Philip 420 in Athens second half C5 62–7 Alexander and 420–3 in Athens 420’s 125–8 drama, Athenian 44–6, 71–2, 123–5, in Athens in 415 166–8 168, 178–9, 191–2, 380 in Athens and Samos in Ducetius, Sicel leader 83–4 411–410 168–78; cf. 151–3 in Athens after Thirty 296–303 education 10, 202, 214 in Athens in time of Egesta 367–74, 377, Elyman city 77 379–81, 384 temples 219 in Boeotia after 379 283–4 mid C5 84 in Delian League 43, 52–3, 56, 122–3, date of alliance with Athens 51–2, 186, 189–90, 192–3, 195, 197 74, 84, 139 in after Leuctra 252, 289 in Peloponnesian War 139–41 in Syracuse during Peloponnesian late C5–C4 313, 319 War 140–2, 312–13 in Syracuse under Timoleon 328–30 C5 48–9, 51, 61, 184 polarisation of Greek world C5 109, rebellions against Persia C4 122–3, 132, 137, 161, 195, 197–8, 257–9, 364; cf. 231, 235–6, 307, 427; cf. 217–18 352 Demosthenes of Athens, military and Alexander 395, 409–10, 414 commander C5 103, 105, 110–11, Eïon 115–16, 127, 145–7 470’s 21–2, 183 Demosthenes of Athens, orator/politician in Peloponnesian War 117 C4 213, 277, 333, 340, 343–5, 346–51, 351–9, 371, 372–3, and Delian League 189 375–80, 383–4; cf. 237, 391, 423 scandal in 415 140–1, 146, 166–7, Dercylidas of Sparta 152, 227, 242, 245 168, 176–7 Dinarchus of Corinth, orator in Elis Athens 334, 383 early C5 25–7 Diocles of Syracuse 146, 312–14 in Peloponnesian War 120, 131–6 , historian C4 233–5, 240, 252, 255–6, 261 in general 8, 213 see also Olympia on Pentecontaetia 14–15 Embata: battle in 355 275 on Sicily C5 78, 146 Endius of Sparta 133, 150, 155 contrasted with on late C5– of Thebes 286–91; early C4 153–4, 177, 225–6, 293 cf. 232, 235, 254–6, 273 on Sicily C4 311–12 on Philip 332 in Delian League 189 on Alexander 388–9 in Peloponnesian War 156–8 Dion of Syracuse 321, 324–7 Ephialtes of Athens 40–6; cf. 32, 294 Dionysius I, tyrant of Syracuse 314–24; Ephorus of Cyme, historian 8, 154, cf. 244, 250, 254, 262, 263, 272 213, 225–6, 293, 312, 333 INDEX 451

Epidamnus: disputed between Corinth and Corcyra 88 tyrants C6–C5 78–82 congress in 424 111 cult of Asclepius 128, 211 late C5 313–17 in Peloponnesian War 114, 134–7 Gelon, tyrant of Gela and Syracuse Epilycus, Peace of 119–20 78–9 Epitadeus of Sparta, alleged rhetra of Leontini 109, 214 of 241–2 Granicus, River: battle in 334 393, 404, 412 in Delian League 57–8 Gylippus of Sparta 143–7; cf. 160, 312 in Peloponnesian War 153 C4 273, 277, 344–5, 353 Hagnon of Athens 72, 75, 118, 169, Erythrae 172, 420 in Delian League 52–3, 184, 186, Haliartus: battle in 395 227, 245, 282 188–9 Halicarnassus in Peloponnesian War 149 and Mausolus 362 and Peace of Antalcidas 228, 263 siege in 334 393, 407 and Mausolus 275, 363 Halonnesus: 340’s 352, 354; cf. 277, 376 Etruscans 81, 322 Halus: in 346 348–50 Euboea (Ha)lycus, River: limit of Carthaginian c.446 57–8 power in Sicily 323, 329 in Peloponnesian War 102, 149, Harpalus of Macedon 383, 396, 398, 153, 173–4 410, 414 in Corinthian War 245 Hecatomnos, satrap of Caria 257, 370’s–360’s 268, 287 361–2 in time of Philip 274–5, 276, 343–5, Hegesippus of Athens 349, 351–2, 353 376–7 see also Carystus, Chalcis, Eretria, Hellanicus of , historian 14, 32 Histiaea Hellenica Oxyrhynchia 12–13, 154, 213, of Athens 371–3, 375–6; 225 cf. 344–7, 347–9, 352, 381 Hellespont of Cardia 389–90, 416 in Delian League 21–2 Eupolis of Athens, comedian 178, in Peloponnesian War 150–9 192 in 387 228, 246–7 of Athens, tragedian 123–4, in time of Philip 236, 334, 339–40, 139, 168, 179, 212, 216–17 353–5 Eurymedon, River: battle c.469 22 see also Chersonese Evagoras, ruler of Salamis (on Cyprus) Hephaestion of Macedon 399, 403, in Peloponnesian War 156, 158, 412–13, 415–16, 423, 424 178, 257 Heraclea, near 117, C4 257–8; cf. 243, 244, 246, 262 244–5, 286, 287 Heraclides of Syracuse 325–6 farmers 205 of Ephesus, philosopher 215 Hermocrates of Syracuse 111, 140–6, Gaugamela: battle in 331 395, 403, 151–2, 312–15 405–6, 412 of Halicarnassus, Gaza: siege in 332 395, 407 historian 212–13, 216, 217 : Alexander’s journey in 325 Hicetas, tyrant of Leontini 327–9 398, 414 Hieron, tyrant of Syracuse 78–82 452 INDEX

Himera Leotychidas II, king of Sparta 18, in 480 78 29–30; cf. 16–18 in 409 313–14, 317 Leotychidas of Sparta, putative son of Hipparinus, tyrant of Syracuse 326–7 Agis II 240; cf. 152 Histiaea (Oreus) Lepreum: in Peloponnesian War 105, in Delian League 57 132, 133 early C4 233, 248, 249, 268, 286 Lesbos 340’s 277, 353 in Delian League 21, 73, 184 Hydaspes, River: battle in 326 397, in Peloponnesian War 101, 114, 406–7, 408 149–50, 153 of Athens 111, 128, 163–5, in Second Athenian League 267, 269 173 and Alexander 393 Hyperides of Athens 373, 376–9, see also Methymna, Mytilene 383–4; cf. 334, 352, 354, 356, 423 Leuctra: battle in 371 251, 287; cf. 32, Hyphasis, River: mutiny in 326 398, 413 232, 271 Lichas of Sparta 151–2 Illyrians: and Macedon 334–9, 351, literacy 3, 10, 18, 31, 20, 302 391, 408 literature 211–14 Imbros: C4 196, 227–9, 247, 262–3, see also drama and individual authors 267, 275, 357 (in Italy) 318, 321, 327, 330 inscriptions: problems of dating 51–2, 58 : C4 227, 244, 282, 287 Iphicrates of Athens 245–6, 250, 262, Lycophron, tyrant of Pherae 285–6 263, 270–2, 275, 306–9 Lycurgus of Athens 372–3, 376–9, Ismenias of Thebes 248, 282–3 380–2; cf. 334, 368, 423 Isocrates of Athens, rhetorician 196–7, Lysander of Sparta 213, 226, 235, 255, 263–4, 276, in Peloponnesian War 156–60, 178 289, 333–4, 350–1, 379–80, 418 C4 239–40, 242–3, 245; cf. 227–8, Issus: battle in 333 394, 404–5 282, 294–5, 420 Italy Lysippus of Sicyon, sculptor 220 C5 74, 78, 85–6 C4 320–1, 322–3, 330 Macedon see also individual peoples and places C5–early C4 90, 117, 138, 272–3, 288–9, 334–5 Jason, tyrant of Pherae 285–7; cf. 161, Philip II 332–66; cf. 219, 220, 224, 250, 270 236–7, 274–8, 374–8 Justin, historian 293, 332, 389 Alexander III (the Great) 388–426; cf. 220, 222, 224–5, 237, 338, 356, King’s Peace see Antalcidas, Peace of 358, 359–60 Mantinea Lamachus of Athens 139–44 early C5 24–7 Lechaeum: in Corinthian War 246 in Peloponnesian War 102, 131–7, Lemnos: C4 196, 227–9, 247, 262–3, 140, 160, 164, 251 267, 275, 357 in 385 230, 247, 264, 283 Leontiades of Thebes 248, 282–3 360’s 233–5, 252–6, 290–1 Leontini Mausolus, satrap of Caria 362–3; cf. in Peloponnesian War 74, 85, 90, 219, 220, 258–9, 275 109, 111–13, 139 of Persia 395, 406, 410 late C5–C4 314, 315–17, 319, Megalopolis 253–4; cf. 233, 235, 260, 326–8, 329–30 288, 290–1, 343, 384–5, 396 INDEX 453

Megara in Peloponnesian War 108–9, 110, in First Peloponnesian War 47–9, 111, 155 57 C4 240, 244 Athenian sanctions 88, 91–2, 93–4, 188 in Delian League 20, 21–2, 40, in Peloponnesian War 103, 107, 183–4, 186 113, 116, 117, 132, 155 battle in 376 231, 249–50, 268–9 in time of Philip 352 Neapolis (in Italy) Melos: in Peloponnesian War 101, C5 74, 84 115, 138–9, 164, 190, 192 C4 330 Memnon of 364, 391–3, Nemea, River: battle in 394 245 407 Nepos, biographer 312 of Athens, comedian 212 of Athens Messana (earlier Zancle, in Sicily) in Archidamian War 111, 115, C5 78, 82–3 119–20, 127–8 late C5–C4 317–18, 320 Peace of 120, 131–3, 137–8; cf. 99, Messenia 104, 160, 233 460’s–450’s 31–2, 50 after the Peace 133, 163–5, 167 in Peloponnesian War 111 Sicilian expedition 139–47 liberated in 370/69 253; cf. 232, Notium: battle in 406 157, 177 254–5, 288, 343 Nysaeus, tyrant of Syracuse 327 Methone in Delian League 188, 192 Oenophyta: battle c.457 50 captured by Philip 339, 361 oligarchy Methymna in Asia Minor in 334 408–9 in Peloponnesian War 114 in Athens 420’s 122–3 in Second Athenian League 265, in Athens in 415 166–7 267 in Athens and Samos in 411–410 Micon of Athens, painter 221–2 151–3, 168–75; cf. 100, 160 Miletus in Boeotia 279–81, 283–4 in Delian League 53, 73, 184–5, in Delian League 186, 189–90, 186 192–4, 195 in Peloponnesian War 150–8 in Greek world after Peloponnesian Mindarus of Sparta 152–3, 154–5 War 161, 239–40 Molossis in Peloponnese after Leuctra 252, and 39 289 and Philip 338, 353 polarisation of Greek world C5 109, and Italy 330 122–3, 132, 137, 161, 195, 197–8, Motya 313, 319 427 Mytilene Olympia revolt in 428–427 105, 114, 185, temple of Zeus 72, 218, 220 190, 192, 193 in Peloponnesian War 100, 133, 164, in second Athenian League 264–7, 240 271–2, 276–7 attacked by Sparta c.400 240 and Alexander 393 and Dionysius I in 384 321 360’s 255–6, 290 Naupactus Olympias of Molossis, wife of home for fugitive Messenians 31–2, Philip 338, 353, 359–60, 390, 399, 50 415, 416 454 INDEX

Olynthus Perdiccas of Macedon, commander 430’s 90, 219 under Alexander 413, 416, 424 in Peloponnesian War 117, 132 Pericles of Athens early C4 250, 335 to mid C5 35, 38, 40, 41, 44, 50, after Peace of Antalcidas 230–1, 55–6, 57 247–8, 264, 269, 273, 283 in 60–1, 69, in time of Philip 219, 276, 338, 70–2, 125–6 343–5, 348 after Thirty Years’ Peace 73, 75 Opis: mutiny and banquet in 324 causes of Peloponnesian War 91, 398–9, 404, 418–19 92–5 Orchomenus (in Boeotia) resources and strategy for in First Peloponnesian War 57 Peloponnesian War 97–8, 102–3 before Peace of Antalcidas 228, 245, Perinthus: siege in 340 354–5 281, 282 Persepolis: destruction in 330 395–6, after Peace of Antalcidas 250, 284, 416–17 288, 357 Persia Oreus see Histiaea wars against Greeks 6, 15–18, 25, Orontes of Persia 257–8 28–9, 35 Oropus and Pausanias 30–1 in 411 153, 282 and Themistocles 39–40 after Peace of Antalcidas 283 and Delian League 17–23, 47–58, in 386 235, 273, 289 73, 123–4 made independent by Philip 357 Peloponnesian War 100, 101, 105, 119–20, 185–6, 194–5, 226 Paeonians: and Macedon 335–9 early C4 226–30, 246–7, 256–7 painting 220–2 after Peace of Antalcidas 257–9; cf. Parmenio of Macedon 230–3, 263–7, 272, 361–2 under Philip 359, 391 support for Thebes in 367 234, 254, under Alexander 411–13; cf. 391, 272, 289 396, 397, 403, 416 Artaxerxes III and successors 361–5; Parrhasius of Ephesus, painter 222 cf. 352, 354 Pausanias of Sparta, regent 18, 22, Greek desire for war against 237, 29–31, 35, 38–9 263–4, 334 Pausanias, king of Sparta 159, 240, war planned by Philip 351, 353–4, 245, 295 359 of Thebes 283–91; cf. 234, conquest by Alexander 388–426 235, 250, 253 see also Antalcidas, Peace of, and Kings and other leading men creation 4, 24 Phaeax of Athens 113, 164–5 in Peloponnesian War 92 Phalaecus of Phocis 345–6, 347–8 after Peace of Antalcidas 247–8, Pharnabazus of Persia 250 satrap of Dascylium 150–6, 178, ends in 365 235, 255 227, 242–7, 313 Peloponnesian War, First 47–58 later career 258 Peloponnesian War 87–121, 131–62 Pharsalus: C4 244, 250, 286, 288 Perdiccas II, king of Macedon 90, Pheidias of Athens, sculptor 68, 72, 116–18, 138, 335 189, 220 Perdiccas III, king of Macedon 274, Pherae: C4 235, 285–6, 288–90, 339, 335 343, 351 INDEX 455

Philip II, king of Macedon 332–66; of Athens, philosopher 175, cf. 161, 219, 220, 224–5, 236–7, 217–18, 312, 321, 324–5, 326 274, 276–8, 288–9, 374–8 Plistoanax, king of Sparta 32, 57, 119 Philip Arrhidaeus of Macedon 338, 359 of Chaeronea, biographer etc. Philiscus of Abydus 234, 254, 289 on C5 8, 14, 55, 69, 71–2, 146, 164, of Syracuse 312, 315, 321–2, 165 325 on C4 8, 226, 312, 327–8, 334, Philocrates of Athens 345, 348, 352, 388–9 375 Polyclitus of Argos, sculptor 220 Philocrates, Peace of, in 346 347–51; Polygnotus of Thasos, painter 221–2 cf. 236–7, 268, 346, 351–2, 375–6 Polyzelus of Syracuse and Gela 79–82, Philomelus of Phocis 340–2, 346, 347 86 philosophy 214–18 , Indian ruler 397, 406–7, 410 see also sophists and individual Posidonia (): temples 219 philosophers Potidaea of Macedon 411–12; cf. 397, C5 88, 90, 92–5, 107, 117 403 C4 272–4, 276 of Athens 374–6, 377–8, 379, of Athens, sculptor 220 383; cf. 344, 352, 355, 361, 364, Priene 409 in Delian League 73 Phocis and Alexander 409 mid C5 49, 56–7 of Abdera, philosopher 215 Corinthian War 227, 244, 282 Pylos 370’s–360’s 232, 250–1, 285, 286–7, taken by Athens in 425 103, 104, 290 110–12, 160 Third Sacred War 340–3, 345–50; afterwards 132, 135, 137, 155 cf. 236–7, 277 of Samos and Croton, 330’s 357 philosopher 85–6, 214 Phoebidas of Sparta 248, 249, 283 Phormio of Athens 75, 108 quadriremes and quinqueremes 318, Phrynichus of Athens, tragedian 37–8, 381–2 44 Phrynichus of Athens, politician/general religion late C5 172–3, 175; cf. 152, 169 in general 10, 209–11 of Boeotia: poet 211–12, 217 in Delian League 56, 188–9 and Sicily 78, 81, 211–12 scandals in Athens in 415 166–7 Piraeus in Athens C4 380 made Athenian harbour 36 see also divine and heroic honours for long walls built 48, 70, 218 mortals in Peloponnesian War 114, 159, 173 Rhegium in downfall of Thirty 295 early C5 78, 81–2 C4 245, 246, 262, 264, 273 Athenian alliance 74, 85, 90 Pisander of Athens 167, 169–72, 179 late C5–C4 318, 320–1, 327, 330 Pixodarus, satrap of Caria 363 rhetoric 214 Plataea Rhodes ally of Athens 93, 279 390’s 244, 246, 262–3 in Peloponnesian War 93, 102, in Second Athenian League 264–7, 107–8, 115, 291 273, 275, 289 C4 232, 271, 283, 285, 357 and Mausolus 275, 362–3, 375 456 INDEX

Rome of Athens and Carthage 77 civic career 123, 168–9 and Etruscans 78 tragedies 45, 123, 179, 212 and Neapolis 330 Sparta and Alexander 393, 399, 424 harmosts 242 population Samos citizen numbers 251–2; cf. 32, 161, in Delian League 51, 53, 73, 89, 98, 203, 241–2 184–5, 186, 189 families 201–2 in Peloponnesian War 151–9, helots 4, 9, 28, 30–1, 103, 204, 169–75, 186, 194 242, 253 honours for Lysander 159, 420 hypomeiones 241 Athenian C4 229, 234, 272, mothakes 144, 156, 157, 242 274, 357, 363, 383 perioikoi 4, 28, 103, 230, 242, 253 Sardis speeches battle in 395 243 in 189–91 and Alexander 409 in Xenophon 225 Scione: in Peloponnesian War 118, 132 Sphodrias of Sparta 231, 249, 264, 283 Scopas of , sculptor 220 Sthenelaïdas of Sparta 92, 94 sculpture 219–20 Struthas, satrap of Sardis 246 see also Pheidias 74, 79, 80–1, 85 Scyros see also C5 21–2, 183 Syracuse C4 227–8, 247, 262–3, 267, 357 temple of Athena 82, 219 Selinus tyrants C5 78–82 temples 84, 219 after the tyrants 82–4 in Peloponnesian War 139, 141, 313 in Peloponnesian War 109, 111–13, afterwards 313, 317 139–47 Selymbria afterwards 311–31 in Peloponnesian War 156, 192 siege in 340 354 Tanagra: battle c.457 49–50 Sicily Taras mid C5 77–84 C5 86 in Archidamian War 100, 103, 109–13 C4 330 in 415–413 133–47; cf. 99, 185, 195 Tegea late C5–C4 311–31 early C5 24–7 see also individual cities and leading in Peloponnesian War 131–6 men 360’s 252–6; cf. 235, 290–1 Simonides, of Cynoscephalae (in Tegyra: battle in 376 250, 284 Boeotia) 81, 211–12 Tenedos: in Second Athenian slaves League 277, 342, 354 in general 9, 203–5 , philosopher 214–15 alleged régime of, in Argos 25–6 Thasos in Athens 62, 157 in Delian League 21–2, 31, 40, 184 of Athens, philosopher in Peloponnesian War 156 in general 216 Thebes in Aristophanes 124, 214, 216 in Peloponnesian War 93, 115 in Arginusae trial 177 404–360 279–92; cf. 224–5, 230–5, trial 216, 304–5 247, 248–9, 250–6, 264–8, 271–3 sophists 123, 215–17, 297 sacred band 250, 284, 356 INDEX 457

in time of Philip 340–3, 345–7, on Pentecontaetia and Delian 350–1, 355–7; cf. 236–7, 274, 278, League 14, 19–20, 186, 189–91 339, 364 on plague in Athens 118 destroyed by Alexander 391 on Sparta and empire 160 see also Boeotia seasonal years 108 Themistocles of Athens 27, 35–44 speeches 189–91 Theopompus of Chios, historian 154, Thudippus of Athens 99, 128 213, 312, 361 Thurii of Athens Sybaris to mid C5 74, 79, 80–1, 85 in Peloponnesian War 155–6, 159, 440’s 74, 85–8 172–3, 175–9 C4 321, 322 and Thirty 293–5 Timaeus of Tauromenium, Theron, tyrant of Acragas 78, 81 historian 312, 327 Thespiae of Athens 352, 375–6, 379 in Peloponnesian War 116, 147 Timoleon of Corinth and C4 249, 283, 285, 357 Syracuse 327–30; cf. 255 Thessaly Timotheus of Athens 250, 258, C5 16, 18, 29, 47, 49–50, 177 269–71, 272–3, 275, 307–9 370’s–360’s 285–7, 288–9, 290; Tiribazus, satrap of Sardis 227, 228–9, cf. 235, 244, 248, 250, 273–4 246, 257–8 and Philip 334, 338, 342–3, 351 Tissaphernes, satrap of Sardis and Alexander 390–1 in Peloponnesian War 150–6, 169, 257 see also Pharsalus, Pherae afterwards 196, 226–7, 242–3, 257 Thibron of Sparta 242, 246 Tithraustes, grand vizier of Persia 227 Tolmides of Athens 50 in Peloponnesian War 116–17, 157–8 traders see craftsmen and traders 404–360 231, 264, 272 Tyre: siege in 332 395, 407 in time of Philip 274, 276, 334, 337–9, 349, 351, 352, 353–4 vase-painting 222 in time of Alexander 386, 391, Vergina see Aegeae 407–8 of Athens (of deme Stiria) women in Peloponnesian War 153, 155, 157, in general 9, 200–1 173–8 in Athens 61; cf. 60 opponent of Thirty 295–6 early C4 228, 246, 262–3, 304–6 of Athens 35, 38 Thrasyllus of Athens 153, 155–8, Xenophanes of Colophon, 173–7 philosopher 214–15 Thucydides of Athens (son of Olorus) Xenophon of Athens in general 213, 216 Agesilaus, Anabasis 225, 389 end of his history 153 Hellenica 153–4, 177, 213, 225–6, exile 117 293–4 on Athenian politics and Ways and Means 276, 371–2 politicians 111, 125–6, 133, 166, Athenian Constitution attributed to 169–75, 189–91 (‘Old Oligarch’) 122–3, 191, on causes of Peloponnesian 213–14, 217 War 87–95 on Peloponnesian War 101–3, 111, Zancle see Messana 131, 133, 139, 146–7, 185 Zeuxis of Heraclea, painter 222