Brice Prelims 1..16

Newnes Guide to Digital TV Newnes Guide to Digital TV Second edition Richard Brice OXFORD AMSTERDAM BOSTON LONDON NEW YORK PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANSISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO Newnes An imprint of Elsevier Science Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington, MA 01803 First published 2000 Second edition 2003 Copyright # 2000, 2003, Richard Brice. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publishers British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 7506 5721 9 For information on all Newnes publications, visit our website at www.newnespress.com Data manipulation by David Gregson Associates, Beccles, Suffolk Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd., Chippenham, Wiltshire Preface to the second edition........................... xiii Preface to the first edition ................................ xv 1 Introduction ..................................................... 1 Digital television ............................................................ 1 Why digital? .................................................................. 1 More channels .............................................................. 3 Wide- screen pictures ................................................... 3 Cinema sound............................................................. 4 Associated services ...................................................... 4 Conditional access........................................................ 6 Transmission techniques .............................................. 6 Receiver technology ..................................................... 6 The future . ............................................................... 7 2 Foundations of television .............................. 8 A brief history of television............................................ 8 The introduction of colour ............................................. 9 The physics of light ....................................................... 9 Physiology of the eye.................................................... 10 Psychology of vision ^ colour perception ...................... 12 Metamerism ^ the great colour swindle ........................ 13 Persistence of vision..................................................... 14 The physics of sound .................................................... 14 Fourier .......................................................................... 16 Transients ..................................................................... 16 Physiology of the ear .................................................... 17 Psychology of hearing .................................................. 18 Masking ........................................................................ 19 Temporalmasking ......................................................... 20 Film and television ........................................................ 21 Television...................................................................... 22 Television signals ......................................................... 24 H sync and V sync ........................................................ 24 Colour television ........................................................... 26 NTSC and PAL colour systems .................................... 27 SECAMcolour system ................................................... 31 Shadowmask tube ........................................................ 32 Vestigial sideband modulation ...................................... 33 Audio for television ....................................................... 34 NICAM728 digital stereo sound .................................... 35 Recording television signals ......................................... 35 Colour under ................................................................. 36 Audio tracks .................................................................. 38 Timecode ...................................................................... 38 Longitudinal timecode ................................................... 38 Vertical interval timecode (VITC) .................................. 40 PAL and NTSC ............................................................. 40 User bits........................................................................ 40 TeletextTM.................................................................... 40 Analogue high definition television ( HDTV) ................. 41 MAC .............................................................................. 43 PALplus ........................................................................ 43 1125/ 60 and 1250/ 50 HDTV systems ......................... 44 1250/50 European HDTV ............................................. 44 625- line television wide screen signalling .................... 44 TheWSS signal ............................................................. 44 Data structure ............................................................... 44 Display formats ............................................................. 46 Telecine and pulldown ............................................... 46 3 Digital video and audio coding...................... 50 Digital fundamentals ..................................................... 50 Sampling theory and conversion .................................. 51 Theory........................................................................... 51 Themechanismof sampling ........................................... 53 Aliasing ......................................................................... 54 Quantization.................................................................. 54 Digital-to-analogue conversion ..................................... 55 Jitter .............................................................................. 56 Aperture effect .............................................................. 56 Dither ............................................................................ 56 Digital video interfaces.................................................. 57 Video timing reference signals (TRS) ........................... 59 Clock signal .................................................................. 61 Filter templates ............................................................. 61 Parallel digital interface................................................. 62 Serial digital interface ................................................... 63 HDTV serial interface.................................................... 65 Digital audio interfaces ................................................. 66 AES/EBU or IEC958 type 1 interface ........................... 66 SPDIF or IEC958 type 2 interface ................................ 67 Data .............................................................................. 68 Practical digital audio interface ..................................... 70 TOSlink optical interface ............................................... 70 Unbalanced (75 ohm) AES interface ............................ 71 Serial multi- channel audio digital interface ( MADI) ..... 72 Data format ................................................................... 73 Scrambling and synchronization................................... 76 Electrical format ............................................................ 77 Fibre optic format.......................................................... 77 Embedded audio in video interface .............................. 77 Error detection and handling ......................................... 80 EDH codeword generation............................................ 81 EDH flags...................................................................... 83 4 Digital signal processing ............................... 85 Digital manipulation ...................................................... 86 Digital filtering ............................................................... 86 Digital image processing............................................... 88 Point operations ............................................................ 88 Window operations ....................................................... 89 Transforming between time and frequency domains.... 93 Fourier transform .......................................................... 93 Phase............................................................................ 95 Windowing .................................................................... 96 2- D Fourier transforms................................................. 98 More about digital filtering and signal processing......... 99 Convolution................................................................... 100 Impulse response ......................................................... 100 FIR and IIR filters.......................................................... 101 Design of digital filters..................................................

Load more