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From Newton to Hawking: a History of Cambridge University’S Lucasian Professors of Mathematics Edited by Kevin C Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-66310-6 - From Newton to Hawking: A History of Cambridge University’s Lucasian Professors of Mathematics Edited by Kevin C. Knox and Richard Noakes Index More information Index aberration, stellar 309, 352–5 analysis, mathematical 13, 27–8, 245, acoustics 3, 442, 453 249–53, 256, 258–61, 266, 279, 288, Adams Prize 355, 438 304–5, 394, 414 Addison, Joseph 162 ‘Analytical Revolution’ 233–6, 249–50 aerodynamics 3, 442 Analytical Society 35, 233–6, 249–50, aesthetics, in mathematics 38, 412, 414–17 258–61, 270, 287 Aether and Matter 355, 363, 369–73 Anglicanism 86–8, 100–4, 196–8, 221–34, æther 246–7, 8 and British tradition 308–9, 361 Anne, Queen 151, 153 and earth’s motion 40, 309, 352–9, 373, antiparticles 395–6, 399, 418 375–8, 380 Arago, Dominique-Franc¸ois-Jean, and and force 367–72 electromagnetism 251, 265, 276, 285 and matter 40, 92, 309, 349–60, 371, Arianism see also Newton and Whiston 377–8, 381 85–6, 102–4, 119–21, 136, 148–55 and unification of physics 362–9, 380–1 Aristotle 10, 104–5 theories of 22–3, 37, 274, 282, 308–9, 344, artificial intelligence 36, 243, 259–62, 267, 349–73, 375–83 272, 278, 285–6, 453–7 Agnesi, Donna Maria Gaetana 16, 199 artisanal skill 242–3, 267 agnosticism 316 astronomical observatories 246, 256, 262–3, Airy, George Biddell 1, 4, 14, 29, 36, 246–9, 276, 288 251–7, 261–2, 264–7, 270–7, 285, 287, Astronomical Society 245, 249, 259, 263, 266 298–9 astronomy and Babbage 247–8, 251, 268, 270–1, 275, in Cambridge curriculum 9, 250, 297–8 277, 284, 287 observational 16, 247, 258, 276, 288, and Lucasian chair 246–7, 257, 268, 270–5 297–8, 436 and machine semiotics 265, 267 atheism 285–7 and machines 246–7, 265–6 Atiyah, Michael 440 and mathematical analysis 266 atomic physics 329, 347, 382, 390–1, 394 and mathematical teaching 266, 272–4 atomic weapons 410–11 and observatory management 272–3, attraction see gravity 275–6, 288 Atwood, George 226 and optical researches 2–3, 264, 274 Atwood’s machine 15, 19, 223, 266 and treadmills 272–3, 288 and Whewell 248, 254, 261, 266, 275, 282 Babbage, Charles 1, 4, 6, 9, 16, 20, 28, 35–6, as Astronomer Royal 246–7, 287 210, 234–5, 241–89, 302, 304, 323, 451, education and early career 253–4, 257 457 Airy’s criterion 2 and Airy 6, 247–8, 251, 268, 270–1, 275, alchemy 87–92, 119, 123 277, 284 algebraic analysis see analysis, mathematical and calculating engines 1, 6, 19, 36, 241–3, Allin, Richard 157 248, 259–60, 262, 266, 271, 276, 278–9, Ampere,` Andre-Marie´ 251, 265 281, 285, 287, 457 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-66310-6 - From Newton to Hawking: A History of Cambridge University’s Lucasian Professors of Mathematics Edited by Kevin C. Knox and Richard Noakes Index More information 476 index and factory system 36, 242–3, 248, 267–8, Bohr, Niels 329, 387, 390, 394, 399–400, 278–82, 286 419 and Herschel 234–5, 241–2, 257–8, 279 Boldero, Edward 60 and Lucasian chair 4, 6, 242–7, 252, 256, Born, Max 41, 391 268, 270–2, 277–83, 304, 452 Boswell, William 48–9, 190 and machinery 36, 242–3, 251, 253, 259, Boyle, Robert 74–5, 90, 147 265, 270, 280–2, 285, 287 Bradley, James 179 and mathematical analysis 6, 28, 231–4, Brewster, David 278, 283 249–50, 253, 256, 258–9, 266–7, 276, Bridgewater Treatises 22, 282, 285 278–9, 281, 284–5 Brief History of Time A 40, 433, 445–6, 452 and mental mechanisms 36, 243, 251, 259, Briggs, Henry 48, 54 262, 267, 272, 278, 285–6 Bristol College 299–300 and machine semiotics 36, 259, 265–8, 272 Bristol University 391, 398 and politics 30, 243, 282 British Association for the Advancement of and religion 19, 22, 231–4, 285–6 Science 278, 287, 320, 323, 350, 363, and tours 241–2, 251, 265, 268, 271, 277, 368 281, 285, 287 Bromhead, Edward 259, 261, 269–70 and Whewell 248, 253, 260, 282–6 Brougham, Henry 324–5 early career 245, 256–7 Brouncker, Lord William 62 Babington, Humphrey 73, 113 Browning, Bishop Ralph 60 Banks, Joseph 217 Bruce, Jacob 191 Barrow, Isaac 25, 27, 29, 31, 49–63, 79–83, Buck, Thomas 49–50, 56, 62, 465–6, 470 145–6, 171, 175–6, 252, 277, 463, 470 Burke, Edmund 179, 189–90 and mathematics 53–4, 56–60 Burnet, Thomas 19–20, 96–8 and Newton 61–3 Byron, Lady see Lovelace, Lady Ada Augusta and publishing 63–5 and Royalist sympathies 53 calculating engine, Babbage’s 36, 241–3, 248, education of 50–3 259–60, 266, 271, 276, 278–9, 285–8, 457 Geometrical Lectures 60 calculus, Newtonian 79–80, 83, 89, 194–200, Mathematical Lectures 64 209, 219, 230–7, 245, 249–51, 260–1 optical lectures of 60, 63–5, 80–1 Cambridge Centre of Mathematical Studies religious commitments 61–2, 64 17 Barrow’s Proof 2 Cambridge City Council 451 Batchelor, George 426, 440 Cambridge Philosophical Society 256, 259, Belfast Academical Institution 345–6 261–2, 265, 267, 298–9 Bentley, Richard 18, 118, 140–1, 149, 175–6, Cambridge University 222 Acts 253, 255 Berkeley, Bishop George 196–7, 228 and endowments 257, 452 biblical exegesis 147–51, 315–16 and women 15–16, 331–2 Big Bang 21, 38, 396, 412, 436, 439, 444, 449 colleges 10–11, 16, 174–5, 245–8, 250, ‘big science’ 16, 396, 437, 442 262–3, 268–70, 283, 285, 288 Biographia Britannica 177 curriculum 8–12, 15, 174–5, 179–85, Biot, Jean-Baptiste 251, 252, 258–9 196–9, 218–31, 245, 247, 250, 254, black holes 436–40 260–1, 266, 287–8, 297–9, 304–5, 331, Blake, William 32 333–4 Board of Longitude 246, 252, 259, 266, 275, Elizabethan 9 278 examinations 10–11, 249–50, 253–6, body, the 23–6, 227–8, 316–18, 404, 425–34, 260–1, 279, 283–4, 297–8, 300, 302–5, 449–56 307, 314 Bohm, David 411, 420 experimental and theoretical physics 393 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-66310-6 - From Newton to Hawking: A History of Cambridge University’s Lucasian Professors of Mathematics Edited by Kevin C. Knox and Richard Noakes Index More information index 477 mathematical traditions 35, 245–58, Colson, Nathaniel 191 268–88, 304–5, 314, 331, 349, 357, comets 4, 18, 33, 98–100, 105, 110, 139–40, 360–1, 372, 381, 383, 397–8 155–7 mixed mathematics 249, 256, 262 communism, and British science 408, 411, religion at 9, 112–8, 148–55, 196–8, 420 222–35, 245–8, 252, 255–6, 268, 287, complementarity 400 300, 315, 322 computers see also artificial intelligence and Cambridge University Library 5, 455, 467 calculating engines 1, 40–1, 430–1, 448, Cambridge University Observatory 246, 256, 451–6 262–3, 265, 276 Concorde 442 Carlyle, Thomas 6 conditional immortality 316–17, 334 cathode rays 326, 329 Conduitt, John 73 Catholicism 27, 100–4, 112–14, 119–22, contraction hypothesis 353–8, 362, 376–8 412–13, 444–5 Cooper, Samuel 226 Catton, Thomas 263, 276 Copenhagen interpretation 400, 419–20 Cauchy, Augstin 250, 259–60 cosmology see also Newton and Cavendish Laboratory 16–17, 288, 314, 329, Newtonianism 396–7, 403, 408–9, 331, 334, 347, 382, 393 412–13, 418, 435–40, 442 celestial mechanics 78, 92–100, 104–12, 125, Cotes, Roger 145, 162–3, 182–3, 185 222, 246, 260–1, 263–4, 266, 285 Creation, the see also Creationism 96–9 centrifugal force see force Creationism 37, 318–19, 322, 412, 444–5, 447 centripetal force see force Cromwell, Oliver 53 Challis, James 301–2, 307–8, 312 Crookes, William 325–6 Charles II 461, 470 Crucial experiment, Newton’s see Charterhouse school 117 experimentum crucis chemistry 39, 87–92, 119, 123, 217–18, 224, Cubitt, William 265, 272–3 325, 421 Cumberland, Duke of (William) 194 Christ’s College, Cambridge 223 Cunningham, Ebenezer 382 Church of England see Anglicanism curriculum see Cambridge University, Civil War, English 19, 27, 49, 53 curriculum Clarke, Samuel 148, 153, 221 current, electric 350–2 Classical Tripos 255, 298, 305 Cygnus X-1 437 Clement, Joseph 267, 277, 279 Clinton, Bill 431, 448 d’Alembert, Jean le Rond 206, 215, 220 coaching system 12, 253–5, 288, 302, 357 Darwin, Charles Robert 22, 286, 316, 327–8, Colby, Thomas 262, 270 333 Cole, William 190 Darwinism 22, 36–7, 318–23 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 231 Davies, Richard 184 colleges see Cambridge University colleges Davy, Humphry 217 Collins, John 57, 59–65, 79–82, 87 de Broglie, Louis 391 Colson, John 21, 29, 34, 171–200, 216, 220 deduction, philosophical 247, 255, 261, 274, and Bishop Berkeley 197–8 285–6 education of 191–2 de Duillier, Nicholas Fatio 117–18, 123, 160 Historical, Critical and Etymological de Moivre, Abraham 118 Dictionary of the Bible 193–4 De Morgan, Augustus 228–9, 237, 286 Lady’s System of Analyticks 199 De Quincey, Thomas 214 mathematical work 194–200 Dee, John 45 Method of Fluxions 194–8 Defoe, Daniel 160 translations by 193–4, 198–9 Department of Applied Mathematics and Colson, John Sr 190–1 Theoretical Physics 17, 405, 430 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-66310-6 - From Newton to Hawking: A History of Cambridge University’s Lucasian Professors of Mathematics Edited by Kevin C.
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