IMPROVING THE PATIENT EXPERIENCE
The Art of Good Health: A practical handbook
2009
Wales edition
STATUS IN WALES
APPLIES
For queries on the status of this document contact [email protected] or telephone 029 2031 5512
Status Note amended March 2013
Improving the patient experience
The art of good health
A practical handbook Welsh edition
July 2009 With the biggest building programme in the NHS in Wales underway, designing healthcare facilities that positively enhance the patients’ experience and treatment is central to our policy. This means addressing such issues as privacy and dignity, communication, entertainment, nutrition, cleanliness, comfort, control and the supply of information. To meet the standards expected by today’s – and tomorrow’s – patients, we need to ensure that the design of hospitals and healthcare facilities embodies sound principles from the outset.
‘The Art of Good Health - A Practical Handbook’ is a publication designed to stimulate and inspire all those involved in designing, procuring, developing and maintaining healthcare buildings to look for new and inventive ways to improve the environments for patients and staff alike. It contains advice and guidance on how best to implement and manage programmes for change in both new buildings and areas for refurbishment.
This publication is based on 'The Art of Good Health - A Practical Handbook' published by TSO. It has been adapted with the kind permission of the Department of Health for use in Wales.
Arts Council of Wales Bute Place, CF10 5AL Tel: 0845 8734 900 Fax: 029 2044 1400 Minicom: 029 2045 1023 Email: [email protected] Website: www.artswales.org.uk front cover: Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Llantrisant Subterranean - Heather Parnell and Nigel Talbot right: ‘Shooting Star’ Women’s Cancer Unit, Maelor, Wrexham - David Mackie Foreword
We are pleased to introduce this practical of hospitals and healthcare facilities handbook, Improving the Patient Experience, embodies sound principles from the outset. The Art of Good Health. It has long been recognised that there is a connection Improving the Patient Experience is a between the arts and health, and that people publication designed to stimulate and inspire gain benefits from being in a conducive all those involved in designing, procuring, environment enhanced by good design and developing and maintaining healthcare art, as well as from active engagement in buildings to look for new and inventive ways creative pursuits. These benefits relate mainly to improve the environments for patients and to emotional health and wellbeing: for staff alike. It contains advice and guidance example through the power of music, on how best to implement and manage literature and the visual arts to provide deep programmes for change in both new relaxation and emotional release, or the buildings and areas for refurbishment. opportunities provided by the arts for self expression and enjoyable social contact. We have also produced a companion document, Arts in Health & Wellbeing Action In Wales we have many examples of Plan for Wales, which aims to raise the successful arts and health projects. The Welsh profile, and increase the understanding, of Assembly Government is already supporting the role of the arts in health and wellbeing. Healthy Sounds; a scheme to bring live music into hospitals and Gwanwyn; a festival to Wales is fortunate to have a thriving promote and celebrate creativity in older community of visual artists and arts age. Many hospitals have engaged artists to therapists, musicians, dancers, film makers, improve the healthcare environment, and writers, poets and dramatists. Their several NHS Trusts have established arts and willingness to use their creative vision and health strategies. skills for the benefit of others is the foundation for arts and health work and With the biggest building programme in we are grateful to them. We hope that the the NHS in Wales underway, designing examples included in this handbook will healthcare facilities that positively enhance serve to inspire others to explore the the patients’ experience and treatment is opportunities to promote and protect health central to our policy. This means addressing and wellbeing through the arts. such issues as privacy and dignity, communication, entertainment, nutrition, Edwina Hart AM MBE cleanliness, comfort, control and the supply Minister for Health and Social Services of information. To meet the standards expected by today’s – and tomorrow’s – Alun Ffred Jones AM patients, we need to ensure that the design Minister for Heritage
The Art of Good Health Contents
Foreword
1. Introduction 04 7. Commissioning artists 28 7.1 Ways of working with artists 28 2. Setting up an arts programme 06 7.2 The commissioning process 29 2.1 The arts committee 06 7.3 Finding the right artist 31 2.2 Recruiting an arts co-ordinator 07 2.3 Partnership working 08 8. Working with artists 33 2.4 A clear vision 08 8.1 Accountability and management 33 2.5 Generating widespread support 08 8.2 Artists’ induction 33 2.6 Resources 09 8.3 Supporting artists to work in healthcare 34 2.7 Charitable status 09 9. The value of good PR 36 3. Funding 11 9.1 Internal communications 36 3.1 Fundraising 11 9.2 External communications 37 3.2 Sources 12 3.3 A fundraising strategy 12 10. Evaluation 38 3.4 Getting help 12 10.1 Setting objectives 38 10.2 Methodology 39 4. Artworks and changing exhibitions 14 10.3 Cost 40 4.1 Purchasing 15 10.4 Further reading 40 4.2 Loaned artworks 15 4.3 Donated artworks 16 11. Summary 41 4.4 Changing exhibitions 16 12. Resources 42 5. Management and maintenance 18 12.1 General 42 5.1 A collection policy 18 12.2 Arts Council of Wales 43 5.2 Selection of artwork 18 12.3 Regional Offices of the Arts Council 43 5.3 Locations for showing artwork 21 12.4 Publications 43 5.4 Hanging artworks 22 12.5 Fundraising 44 5.5 Selling work 22 12.6 Public art commissioning 44 5.6 Cataloguing the collection 22 5.7 Labelling work 23 13. Bibliography 47 5.8 Cleaning and maintenance 23 5.9 Storing work 23 5.10 Insurance 23
6. Legal and health and safety requirements 25 6.1 Criminal Records Bureau Disclosure 25 6.2 Public Liability insurance 26 6.3 Self-employment and tax 26 6.4 Portable appliance testing 26 6.5 Consent and confidentiality 26
02 The Art of Good Health Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Llantrisant Subterranean - Heather Parnell and Nigel Talbot 01 Introduction
The Art of good health: A practical handbook aims to offer guidance and advice for those wishing to set up an arts programme in a healthcare setting. While it aims to answer some of the most frequently asked questions, it does not set out to cover every aspect of running an arts in healthcare project, nor to prescribe how things should be done. The best programmes, conceived in response to the needs of the communities they serve, develop characters and flavours of their own.
The handbook covers the basics of setting up and running an ongoing arts programme and looks at how the visual arts might be used to improve healthcare environments and build links with communities. Advice is given on purchasing and borrowing works of art, setting up changing exhibitions and commissioning artists. It also offers some guidelines for working with artists, and the effective use of publicity and evaluation.
While it is written with the visual arts in mind, the underlying principles apply equally to working with musicians, writers, storytellers, dancers and all other art forms.
04 The Art of Good Health Bodelwyddan Cancer Centre Carved brick reclining figure - Gwen Heeley
The Art of Good Health 05 02 Setting up an arts programme
It is not essential to establish an ongoing arts Here is a suggested list of areas you might programme in order to carry out one-off arts want represented: projects; however, setting such a structure in place will help projects grow in a sustainable Nursing and Clinical rather than piecemeal way. Projects managed Facilities and Estates within the framework of a coherent arts Management and Finance programme, and developed in relation to the Reception and Clerical objectives of the organisation as a whole, will Capital Strategy be easier to raise money for and reap wider Human Resources benefits. Communications Patient Advisory Liaison Service/ There are a number of approaches that can representative from Patients’ Forum be taken to set up a programme and the Equalities or Access Officer choice will be determined by the needs and User Groups and Community Health structure of the organisation. Council representatives Local Artist or Arts Professional 2.1 The arts committee Local Authority or Arts Council of Wales Officer Many arts in healthcare programmes are Partner agencies such as education, managed by an arts committee made up housing, probation, social services etc. of members of staff, perhaps with outside representation from artists, curators, It is important that committee members are community or patient representatives and dedicated and prepared to put in the time it partner agencies. takes to get a project off the ground. When inviting people to sit on the arts committee, Ideally, the committee should represent be clear about what is expected of them. It different interests and perspectives. As well may be helpful to recruit members according as particular areas of skill and experience, to the range of skills or expertise needed, it should also include people with a passion perhaps even to issue job or role and enthusiasm for the arts. descriptions.
Whether or not the Chief Executive sits on Advice on setting up and running boards of the arts committee, the visible support of voluntary organisations can be sought from the Chief Executive, Chairman and Board Arts and Business or the Wales Council for is crucial. It can make or break a project. Voluntary Action.
06 The Art of Good Health The arts committee will carry overall The arts co-ordinator will identify responsibility for the arts programme, opportunities for a range of creative ensuring that it is well managed, appropriate interventions at the early planning stage of and of high quality. Committee members projects, including opportunities for might use their experience to inform the developing partnership projects, initiatives content of a programme to ensure it meets or other schemes. Such interventions may the needs of users. They might also use their concern improving healthcare environments, power and influence to persuade others of involving local people, communicating health the value of arts to health and to help with information or reducing exclusion by fundraising. engaging people in community activities. By integrating the arts in this way at an early If the committee is operating without a paid stage, it will be possible to maximise the arts co-ordinator, it will also directly manage resources and budget of projects and the arts projects, possibly with the help of organisation as a whole. specialist outside advisers such as arts consultants. It is essential that either the arts co-ordinator or arts committee ensures early involvement 2.2 Recruiting an arts co-ordinator of patients, service users and staff in the planning process for any projects. It is advisable to recruit an arts co-ordinator or art and design adviser who will be able to Job description work with the arts committee – or within other management structures appropriate to It is advisable to take advice on writing a job the organisation – to establish, manage and or person specification for this specialist post. fundraise for an ongoing programme of Otherwise seek advice and guidance from projects and events. This could include the Arts Council of Wales or Local Authority seeking non NHS funding sources and Arts Officer. advice, drawing on information from Safle (an independent arts consultancy in Wales: Salary www.safle.com). Salaries for arts co-ordinators vary A professional arts co-ordinator will provide considerably. As with all posts, the more one the expertise to enable the committee to can afford to pay, the more chance one has create the infrastructure and develop the of recruiting an experienced person. This is resources to support a range of sustainable particularly important in recruiting someone arts projects. They may also be able to advise with fundraising skills and public art on commissioning interior design as well as commissioning experience. Guidance on arts. The arts co-ordinator will be able to salary scales in your area can be sought identify the potential for integrating visual art from the Arts Council of Wales, Safle, or and the performing arts into appropriate Local Authority Arts Officer. capital projects, including provision and design of flexible communal space.
The Art of Good Health 07 HISTORICAL CONTEXT 2.4 A clear vision
Recruitment Having recruited an arts co-ordinator, one of the first tasks will be to work with them to The most comprehensive source of arts research the needs of the organisation from recruitment advertising is the Monday which to develop a three-year to five-year Guardian. While advertising here is strategy for the arts programme. Having a expensive, it is still the main source of arts clear vision will not only ensure you make management jobs. However, one might also best use of time and resources, it will also want to consider Thursday’s edition of the help with fundraising efforts, and keep the Western Mail or the following: arts committee motivated and focused.
Advertisement in arts management The strategy should ensure that the aims and journals such as Arts Professional and objectives of the arts programme are in line Mailout. with those of the host organisation and wider community. For example, there should be Voluntary Arts Wales or Safle may synergy with the Estates Strategy, as well as also include details of the post on with the Welsh Assembly Government's their Websites or give advice on other healthcare priorities. advertisement sources in your area. 2.5 Generating widespread Job interviews support
Consider inviting an outside expert, such as The best arts in health programmes have an Arts Council of Wales officer, Local widespread support and are ‘owned’ by Authority arts officer or the Curator of a local the whole hospital, surgery or care centre of gallery/museum, on to the interview panel. which they are a part, rather than by the few With experience of the arts world, they may people on the arts committee. be able to help make sure you get the best candidate for the job. A sense of ownership grows out of a sense of involvement. Involving people and making 2.3 Partnership working them feel they have something to contribute will not only generate ideas and enthusiasm, For some Health Organisations, working but may also boost individuals’ self- strategically across a geographical area, it confidence and morale. may not be appropriate to set up an Arts Committee. In such instances, working with The energy, ideas and the capacity for an arts and health consultant might be a creative thinking generated through possible first step to setting up an arts involvement in an arts project often spill programme because it will bring the over into daily working practices. necessary expertise to develop a coherent strategy for working in partnership with local To ensure a sense of teamwork and agencies and sites without the long-term ownership, involve people at the earliest budgetary commitment. opportunity. Publicise your intentions widely
08 The Art of Good Health using internal newsletters and email. If there is already a registered charity, such Hold open meetings or make presentations as a hospital charitable foundation or special to groups of staff and users at existing trustees, linked to the NHS trust, it may be meetings. Show them examples of what you possible to operate the arts project under its are trying to achieve. Try to get them to ‘see’ auspices. Alternatively, you may consider the vision. Put up displays in public spaces working in partnership with local arts or and ask for feedback and ideas. voluntary organisations that can fundraise on your behalf. Find out about the aims and objectives of other departments or partner organisations - Finally, you might want to consider setting perhaps the arts project can help them meet up as a registered charity or other legal their goals by working together. structure such as an unincorporated association. 2.6 Resources Advice and guidance on charitable and other While energy and enthusiasm are often legal status for voluntary organisations can the most important assets for an arts be sought from The Charities Commission, programme, some basic resources will also Companies House or the Wales Council for be needed: Voluntary Action.
Office space, computer, email, telephone etc Administrative support A running costs budget Support from the Estates team to help with the installation of artworks Systems in place to manage the cleaning and maintenance of artwork Secure, dry, storage space for pictures and workshop materials Workshop space for artists in residence.
2.7 Charitable status
You may want to consider giving the arts programme a legal status separate to that of the host organisation. This is especially important if there is a need to fundraise, since many donors, charitable trusts and statutory funders may be uneasy about, or will refuse to, give money directly to the Health Service. Some funding sources, such as charitable trusts, will only give money to Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Llantrisant Small-Foot Trail - Heather Parnell and members registered charities. of the mental health unit.
The Art of Good Health 09 Bronglais District General Hospital, Aberystwyth - Mick Dunwell (photo: Keith Morris) Funding 03
There is much discussion currently taking Moreover, while it is true that fundraising is place about how arts programmes in 80% hard work and common sense, it is also healthcare should be funded. Some advocate necessary to have a thorough understanding that 1% or ‘a’ per cent of all capital budgets of what the funders are looking for, the should be allocated to commissioned terminology you need to use and an ability artworks linked to new buildings and to match projects appropriately. You have refurbishments. Others argue that if NHS more chance of success sending two well- trusts would allocate only 0.1% from their researched and accurately targeted annual budget it would, in most cases, be applications than by mailing 200 hopeful enough to fund a part-time arts co-ordinator bids. or adviser and the beginnings of a programme of activities. Consider the use of a specialist fundraising consultant with experience of arts fundraising 3.1 Fundraising to help you. Good advice and clear direction early on will save time and money in the long Fundraising is hard work and time run. consuming. Before embarking on a fundraising campaign, consider whether Many arts consultants will also be able to there are joint commissioning opportunities help with fundraising. Otherwise, the Arts with partners who already have funds Council of Wales or Local Authority arts available. It might be possible to make better officer should be able to recommend a use of existing budgets; think creatively about reputable consultant. Further sources of how to meet a range of aims through the arts advice are the Institute of Charity Fundraising and perhaps look to fund projects in this way. Managers, Charities Aid Foundation or the For example, a percentage of capital budgets Association of Fundraising Consultants. could be ring-fenced for artist-led design, or for participatory or consultation-led projects linked to new developments.
No matter how good or worthwhile the project you are proposing, the more professional you are in your approach, the more chance you have of success. Many funders will assess applications as much on an organisation’s ability to professionally manage and deliver a project, as on the quality of the project proposal itself.
The Art of Good Health 11 3.2 Sources Leverage funding could be what you need most of all at the very beginning. If it is a There are too many possible sources of new project, without a track record, having funding to list them all here. However, in someone prepared to back it in this way simple terms, they include: will help instill the confidence that will unlock further monies. If there is support close to Charitable trusts home, such as a charitable fund or League Private companies – in the form of of Friends, ask if they will act as seed corn sponsorship or charitable donations or leverage funders, by committing to match Statutory or official funds such as Lottery a percentage of any outside monies you funding, the Arts Council of Wales bring in. funding and Local Authority funding Enterprise, economic and social Salaries and running costs are the hardest development funds such as European thing to raise money for. While external funding. funders may grant monies towards projects, they are less willing to fund the core running Each funding source will have a detailed set costs of an arts programme, which they will of criteria. Check carefully that you meet see as the responsibility of the healthcare these criteria before applying. organisation. You may get around this by building salary costs into the management 3.3 A fundraising strategy costs of your projects. However, while bringing in income on a project-by-project It is advisable to develop a fundraising basis, this will not enable you to guarantee strategy before sending out applications. This salary funding at the start of a year. will reassure funders of your professionalism, long-term commitment and viability. It will 3.4 Getting help also prompt you to think strategically about all your funding needs and, if well There are many guides, directories and researched, should ensure you apply to the manuals to help you understand the maze best source. Many sources only allow you to of funding sources, some of which are listed apply once in a certain period, so this at the end of this publication. opportunity should not be wasted by asking for too little. Details on funding criteria can be obtained direct from the funder, or from fundraising The strategy should also take into books such as The Directory of Grant Making consideration the way in which you use the Trusts, A Guide to Company Giving and A monies raised. Guide to Major Trusts, all of which list details.
Leverage or seed corn funding is a Arts Council of Wales, WCVA, Voluntary Arts percentage of the overall target needed, Wales or Local Authority arts officer may also perhaps a quarter or a third, committed early be able to offer advice on fundraising. They on in order to give the project credibility and won’t raise funds for you, but may be able to encourage others to donate to it. steer you in the right direction or look over applications before they are submitted.
12 The Art of Good Health They may also have grant programmes of For example, do you want them to raise a their own to which you could apply and lump sum to kick start projects, or do you sometimes provide surgeries giving advice want them to help you develop a fundraising on making applications. strategy and research sources that will ensure sustained success even if you have to make Specialist fundraisers can be used to help many of the applications yourself? Does it get you started. If you think that your League matter if all your funding comes from one of Friends may give you a grant once, but source, or do you want to develop nothing on an ongoing basis, consider relationships with several supporters that you asking them to fund a fundraiser for six can then nurture and grow over future years? months. If you can only afford a limited amount of a fundraiser’s time, think carefully about what you want them to do.
Cardiff Children’s Hospital Fish Tree - Andy Hazell
The Art of Good Health 13 04 Artworks and changing exhibitions
There are many exciting, innovative, From here you could begin to develop productive and often complex ways in which relationships with local community groups, the arts can be used to enhance healthcare, schools and arts organisations through a to promote well-being and to improve programme of changing exhibitions. community relations and communication. Such projects do not happen overnight and Having learnt about the benefits of using the often grow from ideas and partnerships arts to forge links with the community, you developed over several years. may decide to commission an artist to work with one of these groups to make a site- However, many programmes start simply specific work, perhaps asking the artist to through the acquisition of artworks, whether lead consultation workshops with users in donated, borrowed, purchased, or order to develop a better understanding of commissioned. their needs in relation to the building.
You might start by acquiring artworks to bring colour, life and interest into your buildings. You could start with just one or two pictures or decide from the outset to develop a whole collection of work.
Bodelwyddan Cancer Centre Carved wood screen - Christine Kowal-Post
14 The Art of Good Health 4.1 Purchasing College degree shows
Purchasing work ensures control over the Look out for the degree and postgraduate quality of a collection. It also means that shows of local art colleges. These are a good work does not have to be returned, leaving a place to spot young talent and often work blank wall, after a loan period ends. There can be purchased here more cheaply than are several different ways of buying artworks: through other sources.
Exhibitions 4.2 Loaned artwork
Visiting a range of exhibitions will help you If there are no funds to purchase, a loan develop an idea of what you like and what system can work well for both the artist and might be appropriate. your organisation if loan agreements are well managed and thought-through. You will be Galleries able to enhance the environment by displaying an artist’s work, while the artist Take time to get to know local galleries and gets his or her work seen, and may be able develop a relationship with owners, who to offer it for sale at the same time. could become a valuable source of expertise for an arts project. Galleries may suggest Often a loan will be agreed for a limited artists to suit your environment, take you on period. If works are to be hung in various studio visits and actually source work to suit spaces around the site, it is advisable to your needs. agree and issue a contract for a minimum loan period of two–three years. Moving Agents or arts consultants works more frequently than that can be time consuming and will damage the fabric of the Agents or consultants will come and look at walls. Remember that you will also be the space, and advise on possible work for it. responsible for security and insurance of the They may recommend artists they have on work while it is on your site. their books, or source appropriate work. If there is a dedicated exhibition space, you Direct from the artist can take work on short-term loan, perhaps changing works as they are sold. If you know an artist whose work you like, or if you meet someone through visiting Paintings in Hospitals is a national charity set artists’ Open Studios, you can purchase up to loan artworks specifically to hospitals, direct. This will not always be cheaper than hospices and other health centres for a small purchasing through a gallery, since many annual fee. artists will charge the same price to ensure their work has a consistent value.
The Art of Good Health 15 4.3 Donated artworks 4.4 Changing exhibitions
Artists are sometimes willing to donate works Another way of bringing art into a hospital or to a collection, perhaps because they believe other healthcare setting is to establish a in the idea of art in healthcare, or perhaps space where changing exhibitions can be because they have large works in their studio shown. Changing exhibitions are an excellent that they cannot store. way to develop links with local community groups, artists and arts groups. Staff and Donations can be a great asset to an arts users have the benefit of there always being programme, but do have to be treated with something new to look at. Moreover, because caution to ensure quality standards are of the temporary nature of exhibitions, it is upheld. Although it can be difficult to say possible to show a wide variety of work, no, you do not have to accept every work of including work that you perhaps would not art offered. To minimise embarrassment in purchase for a permanent collection. This turning a piece away, it is helpful to have might include health promotion and criteria against which you accept, or to defer educational exhibitions, as well as shows the decision to accept to a selection linked to themes, specific events or festivals. committee. It is a good idea to discuss in advance what In addition to the quality criteria, works may will be shown in the exhibitions space. Will it be unsuitable because they are too large or be only two-dimensional work, or will you small, inappropriate in subject matter or too establish a space for sculpture as well? fragile. You may decide to show only work by local artists, as a way of supporting and showcasing your immediate community, or perhaps you could encourage staff to exhibit work, or display the results of other arts projects that have taken place across your site.
Although the temporary nature of the exhibitions gives greater freedom to show a wide range of work, you should still ensure that work shown is appropriate and will not
16 The Art of Good Health Canteen Gallery, Bronglais District General Hospital, Aberystwyth (photo: Keith Morris) 05 Management and maintenance
5.1 A collection policy soothing. Broad horizon lines and sweeping curves in a picture can create this effect. In a As you start to acquire artworks for your site, busy corridor you might want pictures that it is advisable to set out how you aim to will encourage people to smile as they speed develop and maintain the growing collection past. Bright, uplifting colours and bold in a ‘collection policy’. This will not only imagery work well in corridor spaces. guide in the selection and placing of work, but will also ensure that these potentially Quality valuable assets are well-catalogued and maintained. While this is hard to quantify, and will inevitably involve subjective judgement, the In developing a collection policy, here are assessment of quality may be reinforced some issues you might want to consider: through external advice, as well as the standing and reputation of the artist. 5.2 Selection of artwork However, quality does not necessarily have to Who will make the aesthetic judgements? equate with the fame of an artist, and you should consider work from different cultural While selection by committee is not always backgrounds, as well as work made in to be recommended, it is good practice to community-based contexts or by relatively involve the users of the area in which work young or unknown artists. will be hung in the selection process by presenting them with a shortlist from which Accessibility to choose. This will help ensure they feel a sense of ownership of the work and will While there is a role for art that is encourage them to look after it. challenging and thought-provoking in certain contexts within healthcare, it is often Criteria for selection important to choose work that is accessible or easy to relate to, especially when it is to be Selection of artworks must be tailored to the hung in patient rooms, day rooms and environment, taking into consideration the waiting rooms. character and purpose of the area and the needs of the users. In drawing up selection In such ‘private’ or intimate spaces, where criteria, think about what would be people do not have much choice about appropriate for where it will be located. whether they look at a work or not, it is For example, in a stressful waiting area you important that it does not alienate, intimidate might want something that is calming and or unsettle.
18 The Art of Good Health Accessible need not mean derivative or Cultural diversity bland. Neither need it mean that all work should be figurative. Abstract work may be The collection should be sensitive to accessible through its use of colour, texture different cultural groups and reflect the and light, providing an overall sensory cultural diversity of the area in which your experience. organisation is based.
Local interest Sensitive subjects
Works that relate or refer to the local area Images of nudity are often not permitted will help contribute to a sense of place and in public spaces make people feel at home. These may Violent images, including abstract works include works that explore and celebrate the with a violent feel, are not advisable history of a place or community, as well as Images of smoking and drug abuse are works that take a more contemporary look at often not permissible in healthcare settings an area. While there is a place for issue-based work, careful consideration should be You might also consider including works that given before showing challenging subjects are made by, or in collaboration with, local such as those around illness, death and people or local organisations. trauma.
Bronglais Hospital - Becky Knight (photo: Keith Morris)
Ruthin Community Hospital, Outpatients waiting area Mosaic project - Jenny Fell, Sian Hughes, patients and staff 19 ‘Shooting Star’ Women’s Cancer Unit , Maelor, Wrexham Tree of Life - Craig and Mary Matthews
20 The Art of Good Health 5.3 Locations for showing artwork Display walls: are the walls in a good state of repair and a good colour for showing The collection policy is an opportunity to artwork? consider which areas of a site to prioritise for artworks and to set criteria to ensure works Easily accessible: does the exhibition are well displayed. For example, you could space have disabled access? If you choose decide to only hang art on freshly painted a waiting area, make sure that walls, where the lighting is good and away departmental staff do not mind outside from vending machines, fire notices and visitors coming to look at exhibitions. medical equipment or trolleys. You may choose to prioritise public spaces or patient Large throughput of people: is there areas. Setting out guidelines such as these enough passing traffic or will people have will enable you to respond fairly to requests to make a special journey to see the for artworks once they come flooding in. exhibitions? Whether you are selecting a site for changing exhibitions, or for a single piece of artwork, Exhibition open evenings: if you choose to there are some general criteria which should have private views or open evenings for be considered that, if followed, will ensure exhibitions, will the space hold a large that the art is used to best effect: number of guests, or is there a room nearby that can be used to host an event? Good lighting: does the space have good natural light and/or adequate artificial Security: Does the space get locked at light? Do you need to invest in additional night? Are there staff nearby who can picture lighting? keep an eye on exhibitions?
Windows and daylight: beware of Sustainability: Check that the area is not hanging works directly opposite windows due for refurbishment or redesign in the where the light will cause reflections on the immediate future. glazing of a picture. Artworks, especially works on paper, should not be hung directly above a radiator or in harsh direct sunlight.
Height: pictures should be hung at eye level. Avoid squeezing work into spaces above filing cabinets and bed curtains.
Space: is there enough uninterrupted wall space? Exhibitions will not look good if pictures are squeezed between notices, fire hydrants and light switches. If you have chosen a corridor, is it wide enough to be able to stand back and look at work on display without causing obstruction?
The Art of Good Health 21 5.4 Hanging artworks maintenance is required with such custom- built systems. However, it can be expensive Who should install? and, although most systems are strong, it may tempt people to pull on the metal If you are going to ask the Estates team to wires and damage the system. hang artworks, it may be necessary to show them how to handle and place them. Screws and fixings Otherwise, you might employ an outside specialist, perhaps an artist/technician. There are several different fixing systems for Working with a local artist (ensure that they ensuring that works are securely fixed to the have adequate public liability insurance) has wall: the benefit that they will know how to handle art and can also advise on the placing and Mirror plates are easy to install, but can grouping of artworks. be seen on the wall
Hanging systems Security fixings are a type of mirror plate hidden behind the work and released with Temporary exhibitions can be mounted a special spanner directly onto the wall, but as they are often changed, this will quickly cause damage to Security screws can only be undone using the fabric of the wall. Alternatively, there are a special screwdriver. hanging systems which protect the wall surfaces: 5.5 Selling work
Walls lined with MDF or similar backing Artworks may be sold from exhibitions. board onto which works are mounted This will not only support the artist, but could using mirror plates or security screws. This also be a source of revenue income for the gives a uniform look to the wall and is running of the exhibition space. Most easy to hang and maintain. MDF panels commercial galleries will take a commission can be filled and repainted on annual of 50% of the price of work sold. By taking basis. less, perhaps 20% or 30%, you will be providing a service to the artist and Walls hung with rows of wooden battening generating revenue. onto which works are secured using mirror plates or security screws. This is easy to 5.6 Cataloguing the collection hang and maintain since the battens can be filled and repainted on an annual It is strongly advisable – and essential if basis. However, the battens can detract you want to insure a collection – to start a from the artworks which can only be hung database catalogue of all works of art along battens. purchased, loaned or donated as soon as you acquire your first work. This should Specialist ready-made hanging systems, include the artist, title, medium, value and usually wires fixed to the wall onto which details of where it is hung. Using a digital artworks are attached. Almost no camera it is also possible to easily keep visual records of the collection.
22 The Art of Good Health 5.7 Labelling work 5.9 Storing work
It is good practice to label works with the Secure, dry space to store pictures – whether artist’s name, title and medium. This is also a dedicated storeroom, the corner of a room, an opportunity to credit a donor. There are or a large cupboard – will ensure that they several methods of labelling. The most are safe from both theft and damage. durable and cost effective is to use paper A simple rack can be built into a large labels secured under perspex screwed into cupboard to hold pictures upright and away the wall. Ask a local framer to recommend a from each other. perspex supplier who can cut plaques to size. Alternatively, labels can be mounted onto 5.10 Insurance card or foam board and stuck to walls. Outdoor pieces need more robust labelling, It is very difficult to insure artwork in a public such as engraved metal plaques. place against theft, damage or vandalism. Many insurance companies will not insure 5.8 Cleaning and maintenance under such circumstances, or if they will, the cost can be prohibitive. However, in the Work should be regularly dusted and experience of many professionally-run arts cleaned, and broken frames repaired to programmes, loss from theft or vandalism is prevent damage to the artworks. rare. The usual cause of loss is that works are removed from walls during redecoration or It is not recommended that contract cleaners building works and then not replaced. carry out the cleaning of artworks unless they have been shown how to do so. Spray Rather than insuring, some may decide to cleaner should never be put on a picture, accept that loss or damage will be taken into even when glazed. account in the general cost of managing the collection. However, there may be works of Maintenance of commissioned artwork particular value, works on loan or works that should be considered from the outset of a are part of a temporary exhibition that it is commission since it could incur ongoing essential to insure. revenue costs. It is customary to ask the artist to provide a maintenance schedule detailing In order to insure work, it is particularly how the work should be cleaned and cared important that it is catalogued. for. It may be stipulated in the contract that the artist will have first refusal on any repair If your own organisation’s insurance policy or restoration work should it be damaged at will not cover artworks, specialist advice on any point. insurance can be obtained from Safle or AN: The Artist’s Information Company.
The Art of Good Health 23 Bronglais District General Hospital, Aberystwyth (photo: Keith Morris) Legal and health and safety requirements 06
6.1 Criminal Records Bureau posts involving contact with children they Disclosure contain any relevant information contained on the government department lists held by It is essential that artists, working in an the DH and the Department for Education unsupervised capacity with children or and Skills (DfES). vulnerable adults, whether in a paid or voluntary capacity, should be checked by Disclosure Turnaround Time the Criminal Records Bureau (CRB). If artists are working in a supervised capacity, with a Although the CRB aims to supply disclosures member of healthcare staff present during within three to four weeks, it frequently takes sessions with clients, it is up to the discretion up to eight weeks. of the healthcare organisation as to whether they require the artist to undergo CRB. Who applies?
Standard Disclosure and Enhanced An organisation can apply on behalf of an Disclosure individual, or the individual can apply themselves. The organisation will need to be There are two levels of checking designed a CRB-registered body in order to receive to safeguard jobs that involve working with Disclosure information. There is a one-off fee children or vulnerable adults. These are of £300 to become registered, however, most called Standard Disclosure and Enhanced NHS trusts will already be registered. Disclosure. Information is made available only with the consent of the individual being Cost checked. The standard disclosure fee for an individual It is mandatory for many care workers to is £31 and the enhanced fee is £36. It is free undergo Standard Disclosure, and this level for volunteers. of checking is usually sufficient for artists in health settings. How long does it last?
Standard Disclosure contains details of all The disclosure information is only correct at convictions on the Police National Computer the time of issue. It is up to each organisation – including ‘spent’ convictions. Spent as to how frequently they need a new check convictions are those that happened some undertaken. time ago and normally do not need to be revealed as specified in the Rehabilitation Some people may already have a CRB from of Offenders Act 1974. a previous employer it will be the organisation’s decision whether to accept Both levels also contain details of any police it or not. cautions, reprimands or warnings. Also for
The Art of Good Health 25 How to apply artists for a project or a commission. However, this income must be declared Write or telephone the Criminal Records and tax paid at the end of the year. Bureau for application forms: Artists must declare themselves to be self- Customer Services Criminal Records Bureau employed to the Inland Revenue and will PO Box 110, Liverpool L69 3FF receive an appropriate tax code. Tel: 0870 90 90 811 Fax: 0151 676 1701 Host organisations may request proof of self- employment status, which can be provided in For more information view the CRB web the form of a tax code from the Inland site or the Disclosure Website: Revenue. www.crb.gov.uk Advice on self-employment and tax for artists www.disclosure.gov.uk can be found on AN: The Artist’s Information Company website. 6.2 Public Liability insurance 6.4 Portable appliance testing Artists delivering workshops, performances, residencies, commissions or any work Most healthcare organisations will insist that involving other people should get public any outside contractors bringing electrical liability insurance to protect themselves equipment onto their premises must have it against anyone having an accident. tested. Often this can be carried out on site by a Health and Safety or Risk Management Public liability cover can be purchased Officer. However, it needs to be taken into as part of a combined insurance package, consideration in the planning of a project possibly including product liability, protecting since it may take a day or two before against the effects of, for example, an equipment can be checked. electrical installation blowing up or injury to a member of the public from a pointed 6.5 Consent and confidentiality part of a sculpture. Many healthcare organisations, as well as public art agencies, Consent will insist that artists have a minimum of £2 million public liability insurance as part of If an artist wishes to photograph or use the the brief for a project. artwork of a healthcare client they may have been working with, they must ensure that 6.3 Self-employment and tax informed consent is gained from the participant. Photographs of clients cannot Most artists are self-employed and, as such, be used in any circumstances unless such will be liable to pay their own tax and consent is received. More detailed national insurance. information on how to obtain consent, including authorised consent forms should This means usually that tax and National be obtained from the communications Insurance is not deducted from fees paid to department of the healthcare organisation.
26 The Art of Good Health Confidentiality
It is vital when working with healthcare clients to observe strict confidentiality. Not only does this mean not passing on personal information that the client may have offered during the course of a workshop or project, it also means that the artist should respect a client’s privacy and not ask about their illness or condition. If clients volunteer this information (and they often do) then it is fine to listen and empathise. If information is disclosed which causes the artist concern, they should discuss it in confidence with the senior healthcare professional in charge.
Bodelwyddan Cancer Centre Ceiling fibre optics lightworks - Melanie Jordon, Andy Hewitt and Graham Bate
The Art of Good Health 27 07 Commissioning artists
There are many good books available to planning stage to influence and inform both inspire and guide in the commissioning capital schemes, whether through of artists, as well as public art consultants to imaginative, cost-effective solutions to user help plan, develop and deliver a project. needs, or creative interventions into building or interior design. Commissioning artwork should be an enjoyable and creative experience for both Integrated design commissioner and artist. A good working relationship and trust on both sides is They may be brought on board at a later essential, so it is important to select an artist stage in the development of a new building with whom you feel you can work well. to design specific elements. This could include integrated artwork such as stained 7.1 Ways of working with artists glass and flooring, as well as furniture such as seating or a reception desk, railings, As well as commissioning an artist to create curtains, and other functional items. artworks for existing or new buildings, artists can also contribute in a number of ways to Site specific artworks capital projects. In whichever way you choose to work with artists, the key is to get them In responding to a specific building or involved as soon as possible. location, an artist can ensure that the work is not only appropriate to the physicality of the Consultation and public involvement building but also to the needs of the users and the character and distinctiveness of a Being outside the ‘healthcare system’, artists place. are often able to generate more open discussion with staff and patient groups, and, Enabling others to collaborate and using a range of imaginative and creative contribute to the making of artworks skills, can deliver effective consultation. By helping people articulate their needs and As well as making work that is his or her own wishes, artists are then able to translate this response to a place, an artist may work with into the designs for the building, helping to others – staff, users, school or community create a sense of place. groups – to create a piece of collaborative work. A long established way of working Concept design with artists in Wales is the ‘Artist in residence’ Scheme whereby an artist works Wherever possible, artists should be collaboratively with staff, patients, local appointed on to design teams at the earliest schools and community groups over a
28 The Art of Good Health sustained period (often a year or more) and its interior spaces or, more specifically, which gives a rich experience and working to produce individually engagement to all partners. This may lead to commissioned artworks. the production of high quality collaborative artworks which may be permanently sited The initial vision is perhaps the most within the buildings or grounds. important part of the process. A strong, clear vision will guide your whole project The artist works from a dedicated studio, team, inform the artist, help you raise the setting up different kinds of workshop funds, and, hopefully, excite and enthuse all projects in discussion with potential users to those who come into contact with the project encourage interaction and engender a lively along the way. and enthusiastic response. It is vitally important to involve as many 7.2 The commissioning process people as you can in developing the vision. It will generate a sense of ownership and The vision involvement in the project, and help ensure continued support throughout. The vision is an expression of the overall aims of the project. It states what you are Creative brainstorming, slide shows, visits trying to achieve in the broadest terms and to see other projects in situ, consultation sets out what role artists will play in this, meetings and questionnaires can all be used either as part of a bigger building design to help you develop a vision. team influencing the whole look of a building
Bronglais District General Hospital, Aberystwyth (photo: Keith Morris) 29 The brief Function of the site – landmarks, noise levels, light levels, scale, permanence, The brief is different from, and usually durability precedes, a contract, although it may be Historical, cultural and social factors referred to or form part of the contract and surrounding the site – usage, community become part of the legal agreement with the languages and ethnic diversity artist. Degree of consultation and community participation required The brief is more descriptive than a contract. Maintenance and durability requirements It provides contextual information about a Timetable and phasing project – its aims, information about the site, Budget users and staff, as well as specific technical Clarification of copyright and ownership and health and safety requirements for a of work commissioned artwork. Documentation required or planned Resources available to the artist – fee, It is important to get the brief right. A good studio, accommodation, travel expenses, brief will help you attract a good artist, while etc a poor brief may deter artists from applying Responsibilities for site preparation, for the commission. transport of works, safety, insurance, etc.
Involve the whole project team, especially The contract health and safety specialists and building managers – and sometimes also the artist – It is important to issue a contract on as well as clinicians in the development of appointment of an artist. This will ensure that the brief, to avoid misunderstandings further as much detail as possible is agreed in down the line. advance and scope for misunderstanding further down the line is greatly reduced. The brief should cover most or all of the following points: While a contract may cover some of the points listed above, it should certainly The vision include: Aims and objectives of the commission Context or background to the project Fees payable and any agreed instalments Details of team members’ roles and Timetable and phasing responsibilities Ownership Description of the artist’s role Copyright and reproduction rights Possible themes or content Delivery and installation Constraints on architectural styles or Maintenance and repair types of materials Credits and moral rights. Location or suggested location of artwork Site description and plans Sample contracts can be obtained from AN: Type of hospital, nature of patient The Artists’ Information Company. population, specialities etc
30 The Art of Good Health The budget Open submission: the opportunity is advertised locally or nationally and is open to The size and scope of your project is likely anyone fitting the criteria. Commissions are to be determined by the funds you have advertised in arts magazines such as AN, available. However, you may be establishing Mailout and Art Monthly. Interested artists will the costs in order to raise the money. respond to an advertisement by asking for a copy of the brief. Typically costs might include: You might also put up information on gallery Advertising and selection notice boards, or by placing inserts into Artist’s concept, design and mailings to artists by galleries and other arts development fees organisations. You could seek advice from Artist’s commission fee your Local Authority arts officer or the Arts Materials and fabrication Council of Wales, who may also help Installation, transport and security or publicise the opportunity. insurance Consultation or workshop costs Limited competition Publicity and documentation Evaluation Invitation to tender is sent to a small number Maintenance of recommended artists who are sometimes Project management and administration paid to produce proposals or invited to (unless already covered) interview. You may seek advice in drawing up Contingency. a shortlist from your Local Authority arts officer or the regional Arts Council of Wales 7.3 Finding the right artist officer, or from a specialist arts consultant. The brief will be sent direct to the artists on Finding the right artist for a commission is the shortlist. very important. The reputation of specialist arts consultants is often built on being able to If you choose to research a shortlist yourself, source and match the right artist to the right the national databases of artists, Axis, and opportunity. This requires a detailed The Crafts Council’s database of makers, knowledge of a wide variety of work. which includes furniture designers, stained However, it is possible to advertise and glass artists and textile artists, are good source an artist yourself. sources. There are also specialist databases of black and Asian artists available on the The process Black Voluntary Sector Network Wales (BVSNW) website www.bvsnw.org.uk If you already know an artist you want to work with, you can make a direct invitation to carry out a commission. Otherwise you can source artists by open submission or limited competition.
The Art of Good Health 31 Selecting an artist Flexibility: the artists who work best in healthcare are highly adaptable and can Arts projects in health settings can be very react quickly to changing situations, think rewarding but also very complex, especially creatively and find solutions to obstacles if they involve user participation and as they arise. consultation. Each site and project will have its own requirements, and even the best-laid Caring and commitment: you might want plans will change as the project progresses. to assess the artist’s motivation for the project. Are they committed to the project When working with users, their needs must or just doing this until something better always come first and, of course, health and comes along? Do they have their feet safety requirements must be recognised and firmly on the ground or are they overly met. The needs of the artist running the idealistic about working in health? project will invariably come last. You need to make sure that you find artists who Interviews understand this and are able to leave their ego at the door. Modesty, the ability to Having cast your net wide and put together communicate and a good sense of humour a shortlist of artists, you will want to invite are important qualities in artists wishing to them to interview. As well as representatives work in healthcare. from your organisation, you might include an experienced artist or arts professional on You can make your own assessment of an the interview panel. artist’s work from a portfolio or slides. Their CV will also tell you about past projects, Asking the artist to present his or her work awards and training they have undergone. in the form of a short ten minute presentation However, for them to work well in a health will tell you a lot – not only about their work context, you will also be looking for other but also about their communication skills, attributes alongside artistic excellence: their motivation and the way that they work.
Previous health or community based experience: while not essential, this can be helpful, especially if the artist is required to work with staff and users, or if you are new to the process of working with artists.
Communication skills: If they are to work well with a project team, be able to share their vision, and enthuse and consult with users and staff, the artist will need excellent communication skills.
32 The Art of Good Health Working with artists 08
Artists are sometimes caricatured as As well as day to day operational matters the egotistical, demanding and difficult prima management function should also encompass donnas who have no idea of the practicalities objective setting, personal development plans of working in the real world. While this may and performance reviews. Professional be true of some, the majority are sensitive supervision should also be provided. people with insight, imagination and highly developed creative thinking and problem- 8.2 Artists’ induction solving skills. Many artists are also excellent communicators, and, through having to A formal induction or orientation should manage their own businesses, are organised, always be given to an artist before starting efficient and only too aware of budget work in a healthcare setting. The induction restraints. should not only cover health and safety and other practical issues, but also moral and However, that said, when artists work in ethical issues as well as guidance on working healthcare there is a meeting of two very with patients, dealing with intense and different cultures, and a need, on both sides, emotional situations. to understand each other. The best working relationships are founded on mutual trust As well as an induction, artists might and respect as well as open and honest need specific training around issues such communication. Artists must be regarded and as confidentiality, dealing with difficult or treated as the multi-skilled professionals they compromising situations, managing actually are and respected and remunerated professional boundaries or the needs of a as such. particular client group such as mental health service users, children or older people. So, to get the best out of an artist, be clear about what you want, brief your artist well, An induction checklist: be prepared to listen to their ideas and suggestions and offer as much support and 1. Health check – if an artist is coming into background information as you can. contact with patients
8.1 Accountability and management 2. Criminal Records Bureau disclosure - for artists working unsupervised with children Clear accountability and line management or vulnerable adults. Make sure you apply arrangements should be identified for artists for this several months before the project working in healthcare settings. For those who starts, since it can take this long to come will be working directly with patients line through. management should be provided by a designated health professional such as an Arts Therapist, Occupational Therapist or Nurse.
The Art of Good Health 33 3. Health and Safety work, it can also create problems if not Materials and equipment risk assessment properly handled. Reminder to switch off mobile phones while in a hospital building where As patients and relatives unburden anxieties appropriate and occasionally distressing details about an Fire awareness illness, the artist must be prepared about HIV/Aids awareness how to deal with this. Strong feelings can be MRSA/Tuberculosis awareness triggered when you are in close contact with COSHH awareness patients and even the most robust of people can be affected by things that they see or 4. Information about your organisation hear in healthcare environments. Organisational procedures and protocols Who’s who: Staff uniforms and etiquette Debriefing Site maps Make sure that your artist has someone to 5. Project information report to at the end of a day working with Contract and project brief patients so that they can talk through any Project timetable and key deadlines issues that might have arisen. Encourage Reporting lines them to talk about upsetting experiences Information about the wider arts project or rather than take them home with them. programme of which they are a part Daily diaries 6. A practical checklist ID badges Keeping a daily diary can be a valuable Where personal belongings can be kept support tool for artists working in this way while on site since it helps bring to the surface any issues Where keys can be obtained from and or feelings experienced. A daily diary can returned also provide a useful way of evaluating a Important contacts, including telephone project on a day-to-day basis and can help numbers feed-back learning into future projects. Where to store project materials Patient consent protocols Having a checklist of headings around which Ward visitors’ guide. to write such a diary can be helpful:
8.3 Supporting artists to work 1. The place where you have been working in healthcare Quiet times/noisy times Bad times, e.g. when patients are Artists working in healthcare can be called resting/washing/dressing etc. upon to wear many different hats: artist, Anywhere that needs a specific type of teacher, friend, and listener. Patients and attention, e.g. Sessions with siblings or visitors often turn to an artist in residence parents. as someone they can talk to. While this is a positive benefit of much arts and health
34 The Art of Good Health 2. How did it go? What worked well? What didn't work well?
3. Feedback from staff and patients
4. Your observations and anecdotes
Professional supervision
There are several models of professional (or clinical) supervision in use in healthcare the primary purpose of which is to support individuals to optimise quality of care. Supervision provides a structured opportunity for practitioners to reflect on practice, to develop self awareness and to enhance professional skills. Artists working in healthcare settings should be included in the local programme of supervision.
Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Llantrisant A to B - Heather Parnell and Nigel Talbot with hospital staff. Mosaic tile and bronze relief 35 09 The value of good PR
It is important to think about how you will Produce colourful posters for staff notice promote the arts project to a variety of boards audiences, both inside and outside the Use hospital radio to promote projects organisation. The better informed people and generate debate about the role of art are, the more likely they are to be supportive Develop ways for staff to contribute ideas of the endeavour. Good publicity has the and aspirations to the Arts Committee power to: If appropriate, use the internal email system Generate awareness of the arts project Foster arts advocates who can actively Raise the profile of your organisation spread the word about the arts project. Engender staff pride Dispel misconceptions Support fundraising Facilitate community involvement and ownership.
9.1 Internal Communications
In order to make sure that other staff within the organisation know about, understand and are supportive of the arts programme, use a number of methods to keep them well- informed. Staff are busy and bombarded with information at work, so be innovative and creative to catch their attention:
Produce a general information leaflet about the arts project Look for opportunities to place articles with photographs in staff newsletters Ask artists and members of the Arts Committee to make presentations to key stakeholder groups at departmental meetings Produce an eye-catching display for a Cardiff Children’s Hospital Coral Pool - vinyl flooring - Andy Hazell public area
36 The Art of Good Health Bodelwyddan Cancer Centre Stained and screen printed glass - Amber Hiscott
9.2 External communications An external communications strategy might seek to: An arts project can be used to present a positive image of the organisation as a whole Gain the support of patient groups or to the outside world. A high profile arts the Local Community Health Council project is unlikely to attract negative Attract high profile press coverage in comment if its aims in relation to healthcare order to influence funders are clearly explained. Attract the support and involvement of local arts organisations and artists For example, a project that has involved patients in working with an artist to develop Enlist the support of the Communications designs for an improved ward environment Department to target external audiences via: will demonstrate that a hospital is proactive, innovative and caring, that it strives to create Press, radio and television coverage high-quality, welcoming and healing An information leaflet about the arts environments, and that it seeks to involve project users in the development of services. An annual report detailing your achievements and accounting for the use of funds Presentations and slide talks to user groups, arts organisations and potential funders If appropriate, open days or tours of the project.
The Art of Good Health 37 10 Evaluation
Evaluation should look at all aspects of a Artists will want to know how they can project. Ideally a health impact assessment improve their working methods and (HIA) should be carried out at the planning develop their creative practice stage before the commencement of a project, to assess its likely impact and identify any The Arts Committee or arts co-ordinator possible adverse effects. For information and may want statistics and anecdotal guidance on carrying out an HIA visit evidence to demonstrate the value of the www.whiasu.wales.nhs.uk work, or to provide proof to sceptical members of the organisation. They may Some elements of the projects may be easy also want the sort of feedback gained to measure, such as the number of people from critical reflection to inform the participating, however others, such as the development of future projects. impact on people’s feelings, or the increase in morale or confidence the project may have 10.1 Setting objectives encouraged, are hard to pin down let alone measure. Evaluation should also take a The secret to effective evaluation is in setting critical but constructive look at the process to clear, measurable and achievable objectives ask whether there is room for improvement. for the project as a whole and knowing for whom you are carrying out the evaluation. Evaluation takes many different forms and is used to meet a number of different objectives Knowing for whom you are evaluating will depending on the aims of the arts project help to ascertain what it is you need to find and for whom the evaluation is conducted: out. Do you need quantitative data such as statistics, qualitative and anecdotal evidence Funders may demand financial or a combination of both? accountability, cost effectiveness and value for money Funders may want to know how the money has been spent or the numbers and type of Healthcare managers may want to participants. However, a sceptical board may examine the health benefits of a project respond better to an inspiring personal account of what the project has meant to Participants may be more interested in just one individual. whether the process has been accessible and enjoyable and whether they have The objectives should inform the evaluation learnt new skills, made new friends or methods you use to test whether they have gained access to new health information been met. For example questionnaires may be used to track changes in attitude or
38 The Art of Good Health understanding. Record keeping may be used Questionnaires to count participants or to account for funds. More open practices such as focus group The most often used method of collecting meetings or one-to-one conversations may feedback is the questionnaire. However, this be needed to understand participants’ does not always work well. People can be personal experience of a project. reluctant to spend time filling it out, and if they do, they will not always tell you what Moreover, the objectives will also determine you need to know. At the end of a project whether one needs to carry out any surveys participants can be keen to say nice things before the start of a project in order to have and reluctant to be critical. When drafting a something against which to measure questionnaire, it is important to consider the progress. For example, if a project objective fact that the way a question is worded will is to improve a waiting room environment, it partly determine the responses you get. will be necessary to measure patient and staff If you have never developed an evaluation attitudes towards that environment before the questionnaire before, you may be able to project has taken place as well as after seek help from your communications completion so that you can track any department. changes in people’s perception of it. If a project objective is to increase awareness of Interviews and informal discussions health information, you will need to measure awareness before and after the project. Questionnaires often stand a better chance of success if there is someone on hand to 10.2 Methodology help and encourage people to complete them, perhaps to carry out one-to-one The methods used to evaluate must be interviews based on a questionnaire. appropriate to your project and the people Informal chats can also be a good way you are working with, as well as to the to find out what people really think. budget available. Meetings and feedback sessions It is important to consider how you will evaluate at the planning stage of a project Getting participants together to discuss a since methodologies for collecting project can be an effective way of generating information must be set in place from debate and discussion. However, it is the very beginning. important to encourage constructive criticism and open debate. Record Keeping (See also Daily Diary section 9.2)
Keeping a record of the numbers and type of participants, or cataloguing work purchased, must be done as you go along and as part of the project. This approach can be used to gather anecdotal evidence as well as statistical data. If in doubt, write it down.
The Art of Good Health 39 10.3 Cost methods for evaluating arts for health projects’ by John Angus, Pioneer Projects Evaluation takes time and, therefore, costs (Celebratory Arts) Limited, published by money. Whether it is your time, the artist’s Community Health UK, April 1999. time or that of an outside evaluator, you will The Arts in Healthcare by Charles Kaye need to consider how you will pay for it. and Tony Blee also contains a chapter on There may also be costs incurred in setting ‘Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Arts in up evaluation meetings, or in paying for Healthcare’ by Robin Phillipp. participants’ travel costs to attend such meetings. Arts in Health: a review of the medical literature by Dr. Rosalia Lelchuck Staricoff published by Arts Council of England, 10.4 Further reading Research report No 36 2005.
There are several books published on arts Review of Arts and Health Activities in Wales in health and evaluating arts projects, in by The Arts Council of Wales, November particular ‘An enquiry concerning possible 2005.
Bronglais District General Hospital, Aberystwyth - Becky Knight (photo: Keith Morris)
40 The Art of Good Health Summary 11
There are as many routes to setting up a Seek help! successful arts in health programme as there are programmes, each one tailored to meet Arts management, public art commissioning the specific circumstances, resources and and arts fundraising are specialised activities. needs of the organisation and the Local Authority Arts Officers and Arts Council communities it serves. of Wales Officers may be able to offer advice and guidance, but consider also whether you However, whatever route is taken, here are need to employ a freelance arts consultant or some guidelines to make the journey easier recruit an arts co-ordinator to lead you and the end point more certain: through the process.
Be clear about where you want to go! Get people involved!
Set aside adequate planning time to develop Staff, users and patient groups, artists, local clear, achievable aims and objectives that arts organisations and community groups all reflect the needs of the organisation and the have a stake in the arts project. Draw them communities it serves. in, get them enthused, encourage them to take responsibility and help them achieve Start early! your aims.
The most common failing of arts and health Have fun! projects is to allow too little development time for arts projects. Whether you are Running an arts programme can be hard raising money, recruiting an artist, involving work. Careful and thorough planning is an artist in a new building development, needed, records must be kept, reports bringing on board an arts and healthcare written, money raised, and a myriad of specialist or arts consultant, the sooner you health and safety considerations be taken start the better. into account. But don’t loose sight of what it is all about. Step outside the box. Think creatively. Experiment with ideas. Take risks and, above all, have fun.
The Art of Good Health 41 12 Resources
12.1 General 20 Kings Parade, Queens Dock Liverpool L3 4DQ Arts and Business Cymru is an organisation Tel: 0870 333 0123 with regional offices which exists to promote Fax: 0151 703 1555 and encourage partnerships between the Email: [email protected] private sector and the arts. Website: www.charitycommission.gov.uk
Arts and Business Cymru Companies House 16 Museum Place Crown Way, Maindy, Cardiff CF14 3UZ Cardiff CF10 3BH Email: [email protected] Tel: 029 2030 3023 Website: www.companieshouse.gov.uk Fax: 029 2030 3024 Directory of Social Change National Assembly for Wales 24 Stephenson Way, London, NW1 2DP Culture, Sport & Welsh Language Division Tel: 020 7209 1015 main number Cardiff Bay CF99 1NA Tel: 020 7209 5151 publications department Tel: 029 2082 5510 Website: www.dsc.org.uk Fax: 029 2082 6041 Local Authority Arts Officers Arts for Health Contact your Local Authority council offices. Manchester Metropolitan University All Saints There is likely to be an Arts Officer there, Oxford Road, Manchester M15 6BH most likely an Arts Development Officer, who Tel: 0161 236 8916 will be able to help you with specialist advice Fax: 0161 247 6390 on how to get your projects off the ground. Email: [email protected] Website: www.artdes.mmu.ac.uk/arts4hth For many of them, the idea of arts in health may still be new, so you may have to explain Charities Commission what you are trying to do and why. If you can Harmsworth House, 13-15 Bouverie Street win their support, they are likely to work with London EC4Y 8DP you to help you achieve your aims. Tel: 0870 333 0123 Fax: 020 7674 2300
Woodfield House, Tangier Taunton, Somerset TA1 4BL Tel: 0870 333 0123 Fax: 01823 345003
42 The Art of Good Health Wales Council for Voluntary Action 12.2 Arts Council of Wales Baltic House, Mount Stuart Square, Cardiff CF10 5FH Arts Council of Wales Tel: 029 2043 1700 Bute Place, Cardiff CF10 5AL Fax: 029 2043 1701 Tel: 0845 8734 900 Email: [email protected] Fax: 029 2022 1447 Web site: www.wcva.org.uk Minicom: 029 2039 0027 Email: [email protected] Paintings in Hospitals Website: www.artswales.org.uk Paintings in Hospitals (Wales) c/o Rhydyfirian, Dyffryn Paith, Aberystwyth, 12.3 Regional Offices of Ceredigion, SY23 4LU Arts Council of Wales Regional Chairman: Mrs Ann Williams Tel: 01970 612857 South Wales Office Bute Place, Cardiff CF10 5AL VAW (Voluntary Arts Wales) Tel: 0845 8734 900 P.O. Box 200, Welshpool, Powys, SY21 7WN Fax: 029 2022 1447 Tel: 01938 556455 Minicom: 029 2039 0027 Email: [email protected] Mid & West Wales Office Safle 4-6 Gardd Llydaw, Jackson’s Lane, Crichton House, Mount Stuart Square, Camarthen, SA31 1QD Cardiff, CF10 5EE Tel: 01267 234248 Tel: 029 2048 9543 Fax: 01267 233084 Fax: 029 2046 5458 Minicom: 01267 223496 Email: [email protected] North Wales Office BEN (Black Environment Network) 36 Prince's Drive, Colwyn Bay, LL29 8LA 60 High Street, Llanberis, Tel: 01492 533440 Gwynedd, LL55 4EU Fax: 01492 533677 Tel/Fax: 01286 870 715 Minicom: 01492 532288 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ben-network.org.uk 12.4 Publications
BVSNW AN (Artists Newsletter) (Black Voluntary Sector Network Wales) The Artists Information Company Baltic House, Mount Stuart Square, 1st Floor, 7-15 Pink Lane Cardiff, CF10 5FH Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 5DW Tel: 029 2045 0068 / 92 Tel: 0191 241 8000 Fax: 029 2045 0226 Fax: 0191 241 8001 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Website: www.anweb.co.uk
The Art of Good Health 43 Art Monthly 12. 5 Fundraising 4th Floor, 28 Charing Cross Road London WC2H 0DB The Association of Fundraising Consultants Tel: 020 7240 0389 web site provides advice on recruiting Fax: 020 7497 076 consultants, as well as listing its members. Email: [email protected] Website: www.afc.org.uk Website: www.artmonthly.co.uk The National Lottery Arts Professional More detailed information about the PO Box 957, Cottenham National Lottery Funding can be found at Cambridge, CB4 8AB Website:www.lottery.culture.gov.uk or Tel: 01954 250600 www.lotterygoodcauses.org.uk Fax: 01954 252600 Email: [email protected] The Arts Council of Wales also provides Website: www.artsprofessional.co.uk information on Arts Lottery Funding. Website: www.artswales.org.uk Mailout 87 New Square, Chesterfield S40 1AH Sponsorship and Company Giving Tel: 01246 207070 Your local Chamber of Commerce and Fax: 01246 238319 Association of Voluntary Organisations will Email: [email protected] produce local business directories and have Website: www.e-mailout.org information on possible sponsorship in your area. The Guardian Website: www.britishchambers.org.uk 119 Farringdon Road, London, EC1R 3ER Tel: 020 7611 9111 12.6 Public Art Commissioning Fax: 020 713 4128 Safle 164 Deansgate, Manchester, M3 3GG Crichton House, Mount Stuart Square, Tel: 0161 908 3800 Cardiff, CF10 5EE Fax: 0161 839 4436 Tel: 029 2048 9543 Fax: 029 2046 5458 Western Mail Email: [email protected] Thomson House, Havelock Street, Cardiff CF10 1XR AN: The Artists Information Company Tel: 029 2022 2444 AN provides information, advice and debate Fax: 029 2058 3495 for visual and applied artists. It is a not-for- Email: [email protected] profit company, run by artists for artists. 1st Floor 7–15 Pink Lane Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 5DW Tel: 0191 241 8000 Fax: 0191 241 8001 Email: [email protected] Website: www.anweb.co.uk
44 The Art of Good Health Art and Architecture A practitioner-led alliance, which aims to promote a better environment for all, by supporting collaboration between artists, craftspeople and architects. 75 Cowcross Street, London EC1M 6EJ Email: [email protected] Website: www.artandarchitecture.co.uk
AXIS Provides information on contemporary artists and makers living and working in Britain. The Axis database features 10,000 images by over 3,000 artists, both established professionals and new graduates. Axis Leeds Metropolitan University 8 Queens Square, Leeds LS2 8AJ Tel: 0870 443 0701 Fax: 0870 443 0703 Email: [email protected] Website: www.axisartists.org.uk
Wales Craft Council Provides a good reference source if you are looking for crafts people e.g. furniture makers, stained glass artists, ceramic artists or metal workers. Henfaes Lane, Welshpool, Powys, SY21 7BE Tel: 01938 555313 Fax: 01938 556237 Email: [email protected] Website: www.walescraftcouncil.org.uk
The Art of Good Health 45 Royal Alexandra Hospital, Rhyl Children’s play area - Jenny Fel, Sian Hughes, staff and parents Bibliography 13
An enquiry concerning possible methods for Better By Design: Pursuit of Excellence evaluating arts for health projects in Healthcare Buildings John Angus Pioneer Projects ISBN 011 321757 9 (Celebratory Arts) Limited Published by Community Health UK www.chuk.org Creative Spaces, A Toolkit for Participatory Urban Design Artists in the Community: The Architecture Foundation Training artists to work in alternative settings. www.creativespaces.org.uk Published by Americans for the Arts. Available from Centre for Creative Copyright Communities. AN Publications ISBN 0-907730-12-4 Arts Funding Guide Directory of Social Change Educated about Public Art Susan Forrester and Graeme Manuel Eileen Adams Published by Commissions East ISBN 1-900 360-60-8 ISBN 0-9541447-0-8
Artists Handbook Fundraising Evaluating for Good Practice Edited by Susan Jones AN Publications Angela Everitt and Pauline Hardiker ISBN 0-907730-20-5 Macmillan ISBN 0-333-59967-5 Art in Public AN Publications Healing the Hospital Environment ISBN 0-907730-18-30 Design, Management and Maintenance of Healthcare Premises Art with People Sarah Hosking and Liz Haggard AN Publications ISBN 0-419-23170-6 ISBN 0-907730-23-x Opening Lines: A Guide to Company Giving New Contexts for Artists Projects The Directory of Social Change Published by London Arts Board ISBN 1 873860 50 1 ISBN 0-947784-37-3
A Guide to Major Trusts Public Art The Directory of Social Change People, Projects, Process Eileen Adams ISBN 1 873860 49 8 ISBN 0-907730-36-1
The Art of Good Health 47 Public Art Space Starting and Running a Voluntary Group Merrell Holberton Sally Capper, Judith Unell and Anne Wyman SBN 1-85894-048-6 Published by the National Council for Voluntary Organisations Raising Money from Trusts ISBN 0-7199-1249-0 Directory of Social Change ISBN 0-907164-04-8 The Directory of Grant Making Trusts Published annually Charities Aid Foundation, 48 Pembury Road, Tonbridge, TN9 2JD ISBN 0-904757-74-9
‘Shooting Star’ Women’s Cancer Unit , Maelor, Wrexham Stained glass screen - Catrin Jones
Arts Council of Wales is committed to making information available in large print, Braille and on audiotape. We will endeavour to provide information in languages other than Welsh or English on request.
Arts Council of Wales operates an equal opportunities policy.
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