Human Development in the Department of Cochabamba

INFORMATIVE Human Development in the ABSTRACT OF UDAPE — PNUD department of Cochabamba U S E F U L I N - FORMATION... In 2008, the depart- UDAPE — UNDP A P R I L 2 0 1 0 ment of Cocha- bamba had the second lowest Malaria Extreme Poverty: A major challenge for Bolivia and for the Parasite Rate of the country (0,9%) (UDAPE, “Dossier of department of Cochabamba Social and Economic Statistics — 2009”). In recent years, the percentage of people living in extreme poverty (*) in Bolivia fell significantly, In 2001, the depart- decreasing from 41,2% in 1996 to 32,7% in ment of Cocha- 2008. In the case of Cochabamba, the figure is bamba had an ex- less encouraging. In 2001, the extreme poverty treme poverty rate rate was of 39%, lower than the national aver- of 39%, affecting age. In absolute terms, it is estimated that in approximately 2001, the department of Cochabamba had more 600.000 people than 600.000 people living in extreme poverty. (UDAPE, “Dossier of Extreme poverty in Bolivia as a whole as well as Social and Economic in Cochabamba is much higher than the average Statistics — 2009”). in Latin America (12,6%) (**). Within the de- Cuchumuela is the partment of Cochabamba, only the metropoli- municipality with the tan area (Cochabamba, Sacaba, Colcapirhua, Quil- lacollo and Tiquipaya) and the Municipality of Ta- highest per capita rata presented an extreme poverty rate lower public investment than 30%. (Bs. 1.177 per person in 2007) (FAM, (*): Understood as the population that does not “2007 Municipal have sufficient income to buy the basic food bas- Ranking ”). ket. (**):The percentage of extreme poverty in Latin America has been calculated as the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar per day; therefore, its comparison with national information should only be considered as indicative. SUMMARY OF SOCIAL INDICATORS OF THE DEPARTMENT Departmental efforts in Human Development INDICATOR DATA Extreme Poverty Rate (2001) 39% The new national scenario of tant Populations, the Education Pro- Primary School (8th grade) Net 71% decentralization has also contrib- gramme for Working Children, the Enrolment Rate (2007) uted toward combining efforts Support Programme for Enterprising Infant Mortality Rate per 1.000 Live 63 for the improvement of living Indigenous Women, the Construc- Births (2008) conditions in the regions. The tion of Shelters for Children and prefecture of Cochabamba has Teenagers, among others. (Source: Percentage of Chronic Malnutrition 24,3% in Children Under Three Years of initiated interventions for this Prefecture of Cochabamba, Moni- Age (2003) purpose, such as the Indigenous toring System of MDG/UDAPE/ Girl Programme, the Construc- UNDP, 2009). Maternal Mortality Ratio per 100.000 142 tion of Boarding Schools for Dis- Live Births (2000) P A G E 2 Primary School Education indicators in Bolivia, especially at primary school level, have shown major progress in recent years. Although progress has been slow and 100% net coverage of primary education has not yet been reached, the achievement of close to 92% net enrolment in 2007 is encouraging. In the department of Cochabamba, the net primary school enrolment rate is the fourth highest in the country, reaching 93,7%. This figure highlights the efforts carried out in the department toward universal coverage. Even then, the number of children from Cochabamba between 6 and 13 years of age who did not attend primary school in 2007 reached approximately 21.081(*). In the case of primary school (8th grade) completion rate, it can be observed that the national trend has been positive in the last decade, rising from 71,5% in 2001 to 74,7% in 2007. In Cochabamba, this rate has In 2008, 3.115 been lower than the national average, reaching 71% in 2007. When this indicator is disaggregated by children died municipality, it can be seen that in 2007 the municipalities of Cochabamba, Tarata, Punata, Sicaya and before reaching Villa Rivero were the only ones with completion rates higher than 90%, while municipalities such as one year of age in Alalay, Cuchumuela and Vila Vila had completion rates lower than 30%. Cochabamba (*): Children who may be in another educational (almost nine cycle or who do not attend the educational system. children per day) Evolution of Infant Mortality Although progress in the reduction of tality rate is 63 per one thou- infant mortality has been significant in sand live births, while in recent decades, the country still holds the Tarija the figure is 37 per one penultimate position in the continent (just thousand live births, and in ahead Haiti). While in 1989, out of a thou- Potosi the rate is 101 in the sand live births, 89 children died before year 2008. reaching one year of age, in 2008 this In absolute numbers, in the figure decreased to 50. Even with this department of Cochabamba, reduction, however, Bolivia is still 24 3.115 children died before points above the average of Latin America (information for 2005). In addition, the reaching one year of age in differences between departments are also 2008. significant. In Cochabamba, the infant mor- HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE DEPARTMENT OF COCHABAMBA UDAPE — UNDP P A G E 3 Chronic malnutrition in the department under the age of three (*) suffered from chronic malnutrition (understood as low height for age, In 2008, the which implies a significant delay in growth), while in 2003, this percentage decreased to 25,5%. department of Although malnutrition rates have increased over time in Cochabamba as well, it still has a chronic Cochabamba malnutrition rate that is lower than the national average (24,3% in 2003). According to preliminary had information for 2008, the department had approxi- approximately mately 60.416 children under the age of five who suffered from chronic malnutrition. 60.416 children In comparison to Latin America, both Bolivia as a whole and the department of Cochabamba fare under the age of badly, since the average percentage of children under the age of three with malnutrition in the region is five suffering only of 16%. from chronic The nutritional status of children in Bolivia has seen an (*): The age range is from 3 to 35 months of age. improvement in recent decades. In 1989, 37,7% of children malnutrition Maternal Health Maternal health is a serious concern in since the year 2000 (when 235 Bolivia. In 2003, for every 100.000 live women died for every 100.000 live births, 229 women died from causes re- births. lated to complications during pregnancy If we also compare the maternal or child birth. Moreover, Bolivia is not mortality ratio of 2003 (229) with making progress in this area. The mater- the Latin American average in 2005 nal mortality ratio has not decreased (130), we can see how far the country is from the situation of the rest of the region. As with the case of infant mortality, only Haiti is behind Bolivia in maternal mortality. In the year 2000, Cocha- bamba had a maternal mortality rate from the Latin America average. On the similar to the national average (142), other hand, the coverage of births attended positioning the department as the by skilled staff in the department increased second best in the country, distant from 59,9% in 2003 to 66% in 2008. In 2007, Public social investment in municipalities of Cochabamba Anzaldo was the municipality Social investment by the mu- vices (education, health, water and Omereque, Pasorapa, Aiquile, nicipalities is an essential ele- basic sanitation) assigning 58% of its Cochabamba, Capinota, Sicaya, Taco- that invested ment of public administration investment budget for this purpose. paya and Independencia, whose infor achieving better living con- The municipalities of Tacachi and the largest ditions for the population. In Villa Tunari held the second and vestment in social services was percentage of the year 2007, in the depart- third places in terms of social in- lower than 18% in 2007. (Source: ment of Cochabamba, Anzaldo vestment, with 55% and 50,5% re- FAM, 2009) its resources in was the municipality that in- spectively. social services vested the largest percentage At the other end, we find the mu- of its resources in social ser- nicipalities of Chimoré, Pojo, P A G E 4 Unidad de Análisis de Políticas Sociales y Económicas (UDAPE) This bulletin is a joint effort of the Social and Economic Pol- icy Analysis Unit (UDAPE) of the Government of Bolivia and Edificio Palacio de Comunicaciones Piso 18 the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Its La Paz — Bolivia purpose is to disseminate information toward the promotion Phone 591 –2– 2375512 and prioritization of social development issues in the na- www.udape.gob.bo tional agenda. The ultimate goal of this initiative is to con- tribute toward achieving poverty reduction, universal access Programa de Naciones Unidas Para to education and health, gender equality, and the protection el Desarrollo (PNUD) of the environment. All information contained in this publication is based on offi- Calle 14 esq. Av. Sánchez Bustamante Edificio Metrobol II, Calacoto cial information of the Government of Bolivia and/or infor- La Paz—Bolivia mation from international organizations in the case of com- Phone: 591 –2– 2795544 parative information from the Latin American region. www.pnud.bo About the Information 1. Extreme Poverty. (i) National Information: estimates from responses to the INE (National Institute of Statistics) household surveys. Information from the year 2007 is preliminary. The information from 2008 is an estimate carried out by UDAPE, taking into account the effects of conditional cash transfers; (ii) Municipal and departmental information: estimates of UDAPE taking into account household ex- penditures based on household surveys and the National Census of Population and Housing (INE); (iii) International information: estimates using the criterion of $us.

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