Illuminated Georgian Manuscripts and Historical Documents
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Crusaders and Georgia: a Critical Approach to Georgian Historiography1
David Tinikashvili Ilia State University Ioane Kazaryan Unaffiliated researcher Crusaders and Georgia: A Critical Approach to Georgian Historiography1 Keywords: Georgia, Iberia, Crusades, David the Builder (King of Georgia), Jerusalem, Antioch, Roman Church, Pope I. Introduction In the present article we consider military relations between Latins and Georgians (Iberians) in the period of the Crusades. The research draws on Georgian and non-Georgian medieval sources as well as relevant secondary historical publications and reassesses some of the opinions expressed in the works by Georgian researchers. One of the first mentions of Georgians (Iberians2) in the Medieval Latin sources is a letter of a 12th century Latin clergyman, Ansellus, the Cantor of the Holy Sepulchre, addressed to Gallon the Bishop of Paris [Ansellus 1902: 729-732]. However, the major source of information about the Georgians is Historia Orientalis by Jacques de Vitry, bishop of Acre (†1240) [Jacques de Vitry 2008]. The chronicle was written at the time of the Fifth Crusade. Since then Georgians become widely known to Latin authors, who portrayed them 1 The authors are grateful to Dr Peter Halfter for his helpful comments on the article. 2 In this period “Iberia” and “Georgia” were synonyms [Skylitzae 1973: 339, 74-80; 340]. It should be mentioned that when Emperor Basilius arrived in Georgia, it was not eastern but south-western Georgia, which Skylitzae likewise calls Iberia. Besides, under the reign of David the Builder and King Thamar, Georgia (Saqartvelo) was a single kingdom called by the Latins Iberia in the 12th-13th centuries; e.g. crusader G. De Boys writes: “quodde Hiberia quidam Christiani” (“Christians from Iberia”). -
Istanbul Bids Final Farewell to Mesrob II
MARCH 23, 2019 Mirror-SpeTHE ARMENIAN ctator Volume LXXXIX, NO. 35, Issue 4579 $ 2.00 NEWS The First English Language Armenian Weekly in the United States Since 1932 INBRIEF Guns Used by New Zealand Terrorist Had Armenian, Georgian Writing YEREVAN (Armenpress) — Armenia’s Foreign Ministry was in contact with the authorities of New Zealand regarding the note in Armenian and other languages found on one of the weapons used for the attack on the two mosques in the city of Christchurch, on Friday, March 15, MFA spokesper- son Anna Naghdalyan noted. “We are in contact with New Zealand’s relevant authorities on all issues linked with the incident,” Naghdalyan said. Brenton Tarrant, a 28-year-old Australian, was charged with the deadly attacks on two mosques in the city, which killed 50 and injured as many. One of the weapons used for the attack on the two mosques in New Zealand was covered with notes in different languages, including Armenian and Georgian, the videos released from the incident show. The Georgian state security service has already The funeral of Armenian Patriarch Mesrob II reacted to these reports, stating that it is cooperat- ing with its partners. The gun covered in white lettering featured the names of King Davit Agmashenebeli and Prince Istanbul Bids Final Farewell to Mesrob II David Soslan, the second husband of Queen Tamar, in Georgian, the Battle of Kagul 1770 (Russian- ISTANBUL (Public Radio of Armenia) referred to the Sisli Armenian cemetery in Zeytinburnu district on March 8 where he Turkish war) and the Battle of Bulair 1913 were — Archbishop Mesrob II Mutafyan, the 84th an area designated for patriarchs for burial. -
Packet 4.Pdf
Pre-ICT and Nationals Open/Minnesota Open 2019 (PIANO/MO): “What about bad subject matter? Or a bad title drop, even? That could kill a tournament pretty good.” Written and edited by Jacob Reed, Adam Silverman, Sam Bailey, Michael Borecki, Stephen Eltinge, Adam S. Fine, Jason Golfinos, Matt Jackson, Wonyoung Jang, Michael Kearney, Moses Kitakule, Shan Kothari, Chloe Levine, John Marvin, and Derek So, with Joey Goldman and Will Holub-Moorman. Packet 4 Tossups 1. The original designs for a highway in this city involved the destruction of its namesake Life Insurance Company, its largest black-owned business. Bill Dedman won the 1989 Pulitzer Prize for the series “The Color of Money” about redlining in this city. Its redlining was also described in Kevin Kruse’s White Flight. This city tripled in size under its 1952 “Plan of Improvement,” though it never annexed Sandy Springs, a community founded during the “cityhood” movement in its suburbs. This city was supposedly “too (*) busy to hate” while its white majority was being maintained by Mayor William Hartsfield. In a 1964 Supreme Court case, the use of the Commerce Clause to implement the Civil Rights Act was upheld after a motel in this city refused to take black customers. In the ‘60s and 70s, many whites moved to Fulton, Gwinnett, and DeKalb counties from—for 10 points—what Georgia city? ANSWER: Atlanta [accept Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States] <MB> 2. At the end of a story by this author, the narrator says that he considers another man’s confusion to be “quite my revenge,” following a disappointing conversation with Drayton Deane. -
The Ossets in Georgia
ANZOR TOTADZE THE OSSETS IN GEORGIA: MYTH AND REALITY Publishing House “Universal” Tbilisi 2008 The present book highlights the anatomy of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and on the basis of analysis of Georgian and foreign literary sources and official demographic data it discusses the issues of Ossets migration to Georgia in the XVII-XIX centuries and of the aboriginal population of Tskhinvali. It also displays the absurd consideration of the Ossetian dilettante scholars on “South Ossetia” joining Russia in 1774, the unprecedented facts of distorting the history of Georgia and their efforts to misappropriate the Georgian cultural heritage. By the offcial statistical data living standard of Ossets in Georgia is the highest in the former Soviet Union. editor: Academician Mariam Lordkipanidze review: Professor Anzor Sakhvadze Professor Vazha Gurgenidze © A. Totadze, 2008 Publishing House “UNIVERSAL” 19, I. Chavchavadze Ave., 0179, Tbilisi,Georgia : 22 36 09, 8(99) 17 22 30, E-mail: [email protected] ISBN 99940-61-90-9 2 ANATOMY OF THE CONFLICT “I would like to be unbiased and clear up whether there were some hasty, senseless activities of Ossets, who intensified the contradictions through provocation. I would also like to say such events took place then. I mean declaration of sovereignty, which was fully orientated to Moscow with the prospect of uniting South and North Ossetia in the future. Aspirations of South Ossetians to join their Northern tribesmen can be understood from the human viewpoint. However, from the geopolitical viewpoint it is a mistake. The main Caucasus Ridge is a natural border between Georgia and Ossetia and any efforts of removing this border will cause permanent conflicting situation between Georgians and Ossets. -
MLK Asteroids Report
The Asteroids Report for Martin Luther King 15 January 1929 12:00 Atlanta, Georgia Profesional Astro Reports www.astro-reports.com [email protected] Introduction to the Asteroids Report Asteroids orbit around the Sun just as planets do, but they are generally smaller than planets, and some of their physical characteristics and orbital characteristics are different from those of planets. Some objects are classified as being dwarf planets, and these objects are more similar to planets than most asteroids but do not fully have the characteristics that are typical of a planet. Pluto was once regarded officially as a planet but has been reclassified as a dward planet, and the asteroid Ceres is now widely regarded as a dwarf planet. Of the hundreds of thousands of asteroids that orbit around our Sun, over 1,000 of them have been given names that are related to myths, legends, literary or historical figures of interest, or places. Some astrologers believe that asteroids have a significance and relevance to human life just as the planets do, and that the astrological significance of the asteroid is often related in some way to the name of the asteroid. In this report 1,425 asteroids are analyzed to see if they are conjunct in zodiac longitude the Sun, Moon, or planets in the birth chart within a 1 degree orb. If the conjunction occurs, information about the asteroid is provided. Those astrologers who include hundreds of asteroids in their interpretations believe that the asteroids often related to very specific events in your life. The names of close family and friends and situations that you encounter in life often reflect the nature of the asteroids that are conjunct planets in your chart. -
ტაო-კლარჯეთი Tao-Klarjeti
ტაო-კლარჯეთი არქივებსა და სიძველეთსაცავებში Tao-Klarjeti In the museums and archives ექვთიმე თაყაიშვილი ოშკის ტაძარში. 1917 წელი EkvtimeTakaishvili in the Oshki Cathedral. 1917 giorgi kalandia George Kalandia eqvTime TayaiSvili da tao-klarjeTi Ekvtime Takaishvili and Tao-Klarjeti კრებული ეძღვნება 1917 წელს სამხრეთ საქართველოში მოწყობილი ექსპედიციის 100 წლის იუბილეს The book is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the 1917 expedition to Southern Georgia თბილისი 2017 რედკოლეგია Editorial Board ავტორი: Author: გიორგი კალანდია George Kalandia რედაქტორი: Editor: ჯაბა სამუშია Jaba Samushia დიზაინი: Designer: ირაკლი ზამბახიძე Irakli Zambakhidze თარჯიმანი: Translator: ანა ბაკურიძე Ana Bakuridze სამეცნიერო კონსულტანტები: Scientific Consultants: არქიტექტურა: Architecture: ირინე გივიაშვილი Irine Giviashvili ფრესკული მხატვრობა: Fresco painting: ნინო ჩიხლაძე Nino Chikhladze რელიეფი: Relief: ნინო ცინცაძე Nino Tsintsadze ნახაზები: Sketches: ნინო გედევანიშვილი Nino Gedevanishvili ფოტოგრაფია: Photography: მაია მაკარიძე Maia Makaridze სოფო ებრალიძე Sopho Ebralidze ლევან თაქთაქიშვილი Levan Taktakishvili რესტავრატორები: Restorers: ნინო ბურდული Nino Burduli ნინო მერაბიშვილი Nino Merabishvili მენეჯერი: Manager: გოგა ფიროსმანაშვილი Goga Pirosmanashvili ტექნიკური რედაქტორი: Technical editor: ქეთევან გურაშვილი Ketevan Gurashvili ფოტოგრაფი: Photographer: რაფაელ არზრუმანოვი Raphael Arzumanov აღნიშნული გამოცემა მომზადდა კორძაძის საადვოკატო ბიუროს მმართველი პარტნიორის, პროფესორ ზვიად კორძაძის მხარდაჭერით. წიგნში გამოყენებულია ექვთიმე თაყაიშვილის ხელნაწერის მიხედვით -
Rustaveli and Nizami
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature Intercultural Space: Rustaveli and Nizami Tbilisi 2021 1 UDK )ირააირ 29.( .8.281. .1.8 )ილევათსურ 29.( .1.821.128 919-ი TSU Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature This Book was prepared as part of the Basic Research Grant Project (N FR17_109), supported by the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia. Editors: Maka Elbakidze, Ivane Amirhanashvili ©Ivane Amirkhanashvili, Maka Elbakidze, Nana Gonjilashvili, Lia Karichashvili, Irma Ratiani, Oktai Kazumov, Lia Tsereteli, Firuza Abdulaeva, Zahra Allahverdiyeva, Nushaba Arasli, Samira Aliyeva, Tahmina Badalova, Hurnisa Bashirova, Isa Habibbayli, Abolfasl Muradi Rasta. Layout: Tinatin Dugladze Cover by ISBN 2 Contents Preface.....………………………………………………………………….…7 Rustaveli and Nizami – Studies in Historical Context Lia Tsereteli On the History of Studying the Topic…………………………222……211 Zahra Allahverdieva On history of study of Nizami Ganjavi and Shota Rustaveli in Azerbaijan…………………………………..…31 Rustaveli - The Path to Renaissance Maka Elbakidze The Knight in the Panther's Skin – the path of Georgian literature to Renaissance………………………2239 Nizami – Poet and Thinker Isa Habibbayli Great Azerbaijani Poet Nizami Ganjavi……………………………22…57 Zahra Allahverdiyeva Philosophy of Love of Nizami Ganjavi…………………………...……78 3 Zahra Allahverdiyeva Nizami Ganjavi's “Iskandar-nameh”…………………………22………292 Hurnisa Bashirova The epic poem ”Leyli and Majnun”………………………………..…112 of Nizami Ganjavi Nushaba Arasli The Fourth Poem of the „Five Treasures“…………………………....120 Samira Aliyeva The Lyrics of Nizami Ganjavi…………………………………………8.. Tahmina Badalova Nizami Ganjavi and World Literature………………………………..168 Nushaba Arasli Nizami and Turkish Literature…………………………………….…2190 Aesthetic Views of Rustaveli and Nizami Ivane Amirkhanashvili Nizami and Rustaveli: Time and the Aesthetic Creed……………………………………..…2203 Irma Ratiani The Three Realities in Rustaveli……………………………………22.221 Ivane Amirkhanashvili The Cosmological Views of Rustaveli and Nizami…………………22.. -
Viewing Inscriptions in the Late Antique and Medieval World Edited by Antony Eastmond Frontmatter More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09241-9 - Viewing Inscriptions in the Late Antique and Medieval World Edited by Antony Eastmond Frontmatter More information VIEWING INSCRIPTIONS IN THE LATE ANTIQUE AND MEDIEVAL WORLD Inscriptions convey meaning not just by their contents but also by other means, such as choice of script, location, scale, spatial organisation, letter- form, legibility and clarity. The essays in this book consider these visual qualities of inscriptions, ranging across the Mediterranean and the Near East from Spain to Iran and beyond, including Norman Sicily, Islamic North Africa, Byzantium, medieval Italy, Georgia and Armenia. Although most essays focus on late antiquity and the Middle Ages, they also look back at Achaemenid Iran and forward to Mughal India. Topics discussed include real and pseudo-writing, multilingual inscriptions, graffiti, writing disguised as images and images disguised as words. From public texts set up on mountainsides or on church and madrasa walls to intimate crafts- men’s signatures barely visible on the undersides of precious objects, the inscriptions discussed in this volume reveal their meanings as textual and visual devices. Antony Eastmond is AG Leventis Reader in the History of Byzantine Art at the Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London. He has written extensively on the art and culture of medieval Georgia and its relations with Byzantium. He also works on Byzantine ivories. He is the author of The Glory of Byzantium and Early Christendom (2013), as well as Art and Identity in Thirteenth-Century Byzantium: Hagia Sophia and the Empire of Trebizond (2008) and Royal Imagery in Medieval Georgia (1998). -
Abhazya Tarihi
PROF. DR. TİMUR AÇUGBA KRONOLOJİK ABHAZYA TARİHİ Çeviri: Oktay Chkotua İstanbul - 2015 1 Orijinal Adı: İstoriya Abhazii v Datax Basım Yeri: Sohum – Devlet Basımevi Basım Tarihi: 2011 Akademik Redaktör: Prof.Dr. O.X.Bğavüba Rusçadan Çeviren: Oktay Chkotua Kapak Tasarım:GurguliyaÜnal Akbulut Türkçe Redaksiyon:Kutarba Hayri Ersoy, Chkotua Hakan Mercan Kapak ve Kitapta Kullanılan Resimler: Batal Capua Eleştirmenler Kurulu: Prof.S. Z.Lakoba Doç.A. M.Xışba Doç.G. D.Gumba Dr.A. F.Ayüdzba © T.A. Achugba 2 Bu çeviriyi; bana Abhazlığı, Abhazya’yı, Abhazcayı ve Abhaz tarihini sevdiren ve şimdi herbiri ebediyete intikal etmiş olan değerli büyüklerim; Ömer Beyguaa, Orhan Aşamba, Cemal Çukniya, Tahsin Açuışba, Şefket Bediya, Cemal Haraniya, Cengiz Bganba, İfrar Çkotua(Abdlipa), Fehmi Agırba, Sezai Matua ve babam Çkotua (Abdlipa) Bekir’in anılarına ithaf ediyor, toplumumuzdan böylesi bilge kişilikleri bundan böyle de esirgememesini rabbimden diliyorum... 3 Sevgili dostlar; Henüz yumurtadan çıkmamış olan bir civciv dünyayı ne kadar biliyorsa bizler de tarihimizi ancak o karar biliyoruz ne yazık ki... Özellikle de diaspora coğrafyasında yaşayanlarımız... Bilinen kırıntıların ötesinde, devasa bir tarihi geçmişin, su üzerinde küçücük görüntüsüyle gezinen kıta büyüklüğündeki bir buzdağı gibi yedeğimizde durduğunu ve tarihimize ait belgelerin dünya arşivlerinin tozlu raflarında kendilerine uzanacak ellerimizi beklediğinin farkında mıyız acaba? Bizler, bu güne kadar ne yazık ki başkalarının kendi çıkarları doğrultusunda ürettikleri tarihi yalanlara inanmak -
Grand Basilicas of Otkhta Eklesia and Parkhali Monasteries: Stages of Construction
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis moambe, t. 14, #2, 2020 BULLETIN OF THE GEORGIAN NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, vol. 14, no. 2, 2020 Art History Grand Basilicas of Otkhta Eklesia and Parkhali Monasteries: Stages of Construction Irene Giviashvili George Chubinashvili National Research Centre for Georgian Art History and Heritage Preservation, Tbilisi, Georgia (Presented by Academy Member Liana Melikishvili) The monasteries of Otkhta Eklesia and Parkhali are located in historic Tao on the very bordering points of the “Kingdom of Georgians”. The aim of this publication is to present the construction stages of these two monuments based on comparative analysis and historical background. Long term observations show that Otkhta Eklesia had at least three stages of construction and Parkhali had two. The walls of Otkhta Eklesia built in the Opus-Mixtum technique, remain from the original church. It could be remnant of the “Triple Church Basilica”, similar to one founded by Grigol of Khandzta in Nedzvi, in the 9th c. or even from an earlier establishment. At the second stage, the central nave was rebuilt with the new columns and the upper parts of the walls were added. This reconstruction is related to King David III and took place before 965. Soon, another grand reconstruction was carried out seeing the space of the apse enlarged due to replacement of the first pair of columns to the east. The height of the central nave and the apse was increased. We can assume that the changes to the plan came as a result of the new typicon and the liturgical order that was introduced to the Georgian Church from Mount Athos. -
Viewing Inscriptions in the Late Antique and Medieval World Edited by Antony Eastmond Index More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09241-9 - Viewing Inscriptions in the Late Antique and Medieval World Edited by Antony Eastmond Index More information INDEX ļ Aaron, Armenian Governor (1055–1056), 188 Antiochos III, Ruler of the Seleukid Empire (r. Abbasid caliphate (749–1258), 62, 230, 242 222–187 BCE), 20 abbreviations, 79, 86, 200, 209, 212, 218 Antoni Tsagereli, Bishop, 84 ʿAbd al-Aziz, Ruler of Bukarah (r. 1539–51), 239 apotropaic, 22, 31, 100, 106, 107, 189 ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Mansur, ʿAmirid Chamberlain appropriation, 14, 124 (11th Century), 234, 237 Ardaxshir I, Founder of the Sasanian Empire (r. ʿAbd al-Malik, Umayyad Caliph (r. 685–705), 61 224–240), 24, 26 Abu Ibrahim Ahmad, Aghlabid Emir (r. 856–863), Armenia, 78, 104 64 Ani, Cathedral, 188 Abu¯ ʿAbd Allah¯ H. ammud,¯ Norman Civil Leader, Areni Church, 192 136 Marmasˇen,¯ Monastery, 188 Abu’l-Abbas b. al-Aghlab, Emir, 68 Noravank‘, Monastery of, 191–192, 197 Achaemenid Empire, 10, 14 Funerary church, 195 Bisotun, 15, 17, 23, 28 gawit‘, 192, 201 Ganj-nama, 16 upper tympanum, 198 Ishtar Gate, Babylon, 16 Siwnik‘, 192, 196, 198 Naqsh-e Rostam, 16, 17, 25, 31 Arsacid dynasty (247 BCE–224 AD), 23 Palace of Cyrus, Pasargadae, 18 Ashoka, Mauryan Emperor (r. 269–232 BCE), 23 palaces, 14, 17 Athanasios of Alexandria, Church Father Persepolis, 13, 18, 26, 31 (4th Century AD), 112 adʿiya, 126, 128, 129, 132, 133, 135, 136, 144 al-ʿAziz, Fatimid Caliph (r. 975–996), 62, 67 Aghlabid dynasty (r. 800–909), 62, 64, 70, 103 Albrecht Durer¨ (1471–1528), 142 Bactria, 20 Alexander III, Pope (1159–1181), 137 Rabatak, 24 Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia (356–323 Surkh Kotal, 24 BCE), 19, 239 Bagrationi dynasty, 82, 188 Alfonso VIII, King of Castile (r. -
Khakhuli Monastery Location: Historical Tao, Modern-Day Haho/Bağbaşi
Khakhuli Monastery Location: historical Tao, modern-day Haho/Bağbaşi Bella Radenovic, PhD Candidate, Courtauld Institute of Art The Khakhuli monastery was founded by David III of Tao (r. 966-c.1001) in the 960s before he was bestowed the title of kuropalatesin 978 for his participation in crushing the revolt against Basil II. Described by Giorgi Merchule in his mid-tenth century vita of St Gregory of Khandzta as “a builder of holy churches and a collector of religious writings”, David III co- founded Oshki with his brother Bagrat II (961-966) and founded the monasteries of Parkhali and Otkhtawhich represent extraordinary revivals of basilical architecture. These buildingsare large and strikingly original structures. Little of this scale has survived from the Byzantine world from this period. Located up a western bank of the Tortum River in modern-day Bağbaşi village, Khakhuli was once a sizable and populated monastic complex and is the only one of David’s foundations which is mentioned in medieval historiography. The chronicles describe it as “God’s throne – the holy church of Khakhuli”. The main site is enclosed by 3m high walls and comprises of the katholikon, a small church, three chapels and oratories as well as remains of other structures which may have served as a refectory and a scriptorium. Southeast of the complex there are remains of another hall church and 1km west of it, on top of a cliff, there lies another chapel with a panoramic view of the Khakhuli valley. Interior In the very heart of the walled enclosure of the complex lies the katholikon dedicated to the Theotokos.