Abhazya Tarihi
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Crusaders and Georgia: a Critical Approach to Georgian Historiography1
David Tinikashvili Ilia State University Ioane Kazaryan Unaffiliated researcher Crusaders and Georgia: A Critical Approach to Georgian Historiography1 Keywords: Georgia, Iberia, Crusades, David the Builder (King of Georgia), Jerusalem, Antioch, Roman Church, Pope I. Introduction In the present article we consider military relations between Latins and Georgians (Iberians) in the period of the Crusades. The research draws on Georgian and non-Georgian medieval sources as well as relevant secondary historical publications and reassesses some of the opinions expressed in the works by Georgian researchers. One of the first mentions of Georgians (Iberians2) in the Medieval Latin sources is a letter of a 12th century Latin clergyman, Ansellus, the Cantor of the Holy Sepulchre, addressed to Gallon the Bishop of Paris [Ansellus 1902: 729-732]. However, the major source of information about the Georgians is Historia Orientalis by Jacques de Vitry, bishop of Acre (†1240) [Jacques de Vitry 2008]. The chronicle was written at the time of the Fifth Crusade. Since then Georgians become widely known to Latin authors, who portrayed them 1 The authors are grateful to Dr Peter Halfter for his helpful comments on the article. 2 In this period “Iberia” and “Georgia” were synonyms [Skylitzae 1973: 339, 74-80; 340]. It should be mentioned that when Emperor Basilius arrived in Georgia, it was not eastern but south-western Georgia, which Skylitzae likewise calls Iberia. Besides, under the reign of David the Builder and King Thamar, Georgia (Saqartvelo) was a single kingdom called by the Latins Iberia in the 12th-13th centuries; e.g. crusader G. De Boys writes: “quodde Hiberia quidam Christiani” (“Christians from Iberia”). -
FÁK Állomáskódok
Állomáskód Orosz név Latin név Vasút kódja Államnév orosz Államnév latin Államkód 406513 1 МАЯ 1 MAIA 22 УКРАИНА UKRAINE UA 804 085827 ААКРЕ AAKRE 26 ЭСТОНИЯ ESTONIA EE 233 574066 ААПСТА AAPSTA 28 ГРУЗИЯ GEORGIA GE 268 085780 ААРДЛА AARDLA 26 ЭСТОНИЯ ESTONIA EE 233 269116 АБАБКОВО ABABKOVO 20 РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ RUSSIAN FEDERATION RU 643 737139 АБАДАН ABADAN 29 УЗБЕКИСТАН UZBEKISTAN UZ 860 753112 АБАДАН-I ABADAN-I 67 ТУРКМЕНИСТАН TURKMENISTAN TM 795 753108 АБАДАН-II ABADAN-II 67 ТУРКМЕНИСТАН TURKMENISTAN TM 795 535004 АБАДЗЕХСКАЯ ABADZEHSKAIA 20 РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ RUSSIAN FEDERATION RU 643 795736 АБАЕВСКИЙ ABAEVSKII 20 РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ RUSSIAN FEDERATION RU 643 864300 АБАГУР-ЛЕСНОЙ ABAGUR-LESNOI 20 РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ RUSSIAN FEDERATION RU 643 865065 АБАГУРОВСКИЙ (РЗД) ABAGUROVSKII (RZD) 20 РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ RUSSIAN FEDERATION RU 643 699767 АБАИЛ ABAIL 27 КАЗАХСТАН REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN KZ 398 888004 АБАКАН ABAKAN 20 РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ RUSSIAN FEDERATION RU 643 888108 АБАКАН (ПЕРЕВ.) ABAKAN (PEREV.) 20 РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ RUSSIAN FEDERATION RU 643 398904 АБАКЛИЯ ABAKLIIA 23 МОЛДАВИЯ MOLDOVA, REPUBLIC OF MD 498 889401 АБАКУМОВКА (РЗД) ABAKUMOVKA 20 РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ RUSSIAN FEDERATION RU 643 882309 АБАЛАКОВО ABALAKOVO 20 РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ RUSSIAN FEDERATION RU 643 408006 АБАМЕЛИКОВО ABAMELIKOVO 22 УКРАИНА UKRAINE UA 804 571706 АБАША ABASHA 28 ГРУЗИЯ GEORGIA GE 268 887500 АБАЗА ABAZA 20 РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ RUSSIAN FEDERATION RU 643 887406 АБАЗА (ЭКСП.) ABAZA (EKSP.) 20 РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ RUSSIAN FEDERATION RU 643 -
River Systems and Their Water and Sediment Fluxes Towards the Marine Regions of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea Earth System: an Overview
Review Article Mediterranean Marine Science Indexed in WoS (Web of Science, ISI Thomson) and SCOPUS The journal is available on line at http://www.medit-mar-sc.net DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.19514 River systems and their water and sediment fluxes towards the marine regions of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea earth system: An overview Serafeim E. POULOS Laboratory of Physical Geography, Section of Geography & Climatology, Department of Geology & Geoenvironment, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis-Zografou, 10584, Attiki Corresponding author: [email protected] Handling Editor: Argyro ZENETOS Received: 22 January 2019; Accepted: 6 July 2019; Published on line: 5 September 2019 Abstract A quantitative assessment of the riverine freshwater, suspended and dissolved sediment loads is provided for the watersheds of the four primary (Western Mediterranean-WMED, Central Mediterranean-CMED, Eastern Mediterranean-EMED and Black Sea- BLS) and eleven secondary marine regions of the Mediterranean and Black Sea Earth System (MBES). On the basis of measured values that cover spatially >65% and >84% of MED and BLS watersheds, respectively, water discharge of the MBES reaches annually almost the 1 million km3, with Mediterranean Sea (including the Marmara Sea) providing 576 km3 and the Black Sea (included the Azov Sea) 418 km3. Among the watersheds of MED primary marine regions, the total water load is distributed as follows: WMED= 180 km3; CMED= 209 km3; and EMED= 187 km3. The MBES could potentially provide annually some 894 106 t of suspended sediment load (SSL), prior to river damming, most of which (i.e., 708 106 t is attributed to MED). -
Istanbul Bids Final Farewell to Mesrob II
MARCH 23, 2019 Mirror-SpeTHE ARMENIAN ctator Volume LXXXIX, NO. 35, Issue 4579 $ 2.00 NEWS The First English Language Armenian Weekly in the United States Since 1932 INBRIEF Guns Used by New Zealand Terrorist Had Armenian, Georgian Writing YEREVAN (Armenpress) — Armenia’s Foreign Ministry was in contact with the authorities of New Zealand regarding the note in Armenian and other languages found on one of the weapons used for the attack on the two mosques in the city of Christchurch, on Friday, March 15, MFA spokesper- son Anna Naghdalyan noted. “We are in contact with New Zealand’s relevant authorities on all issues linked with the incident,” Naghdalyan said. Brenton Tarrant, a 28-year-old Australian, was charged with the deadly attacks on two mosques in the city, which killed 50 and injured as many. One of the weapons used for the attack on the two mosques in New Zealand was covered with notes in different languages, including Armenian and Georgian, the videos released from the incident show. The Georgian state security service has already The funeral of Armenian Patriarch Mesrob II reacted to these reports, stating that it is cooperat- ing with its partners. The gun covered in white lettering featured the names of King Davit Agmashenebeli and Prince Istanbul Bids Final Farewell to Mesrob II David Soslan, the second husband of Queen Tamar, in Georgian, the Battle of Kagul 1770 (Russian- ISTANBUL (Public Radio of Armenia) referred to the Sisli Armenian cemetery in Zeytinburnu district on March 8 where he Turkish war) and the Battle of Bulair 1913 were — Archbishop Mesrob II Mutafyan, the 84th an area designated for patriarchs for burial. -
Abhazya/Gürcistan: Tarih – Siyaset – Kültür
TÜR L Ü K – CEMAL GAMAKHARİA LİA AKHALADZE T ASE Y Sİ – H ARİ T : AN T S Cİ R A/GÜ Y ABHAZ ZE D İA AKHALA İA L İA İA R ABHAZYA/GÜRCİSTAN: ,6%1 978-9941-461-51-4 L GAMAKHA L TARİH – SİYASET – KÜLTÜR CEMA 9 7 8 9 9 4 1 4 6 1 5 1 4 CEMAL GAMAKHARİ A Lİ A AKHALADZE ABHAZYA/GÜRCİ STAN: TARİ H – Sİ YASET – KÜLTÜR Tiflis - İ stanbul 2016 UDC (uak) 94+32+008)(479.224) G-16 Yayın Kurulu: Teimuraz Mjavia (Editör), Prof. Dr. Roin Kavrelişvili, Prof. Dr. Erdoğan Altınkaynak, Prof. Dr. Rozeta Gujejiani, Giorgi Iremadze. Gürcüce’den Türkçe’ye Prof. Dr. Roin Kavrelişvili tarafından tercüme edil- miştir. Bu kitapta Gürcistan’ın Özerk Cumhuriyeti Abhazya’nın etno-politik tarihi üzerine dikkat çekilmiş ve bu bölgede bulunan kadim Hıristiyan kül- türüne ait ana esaslar ile ilgili genel görüşler ortaya konulmuştur. Etnik, siyasi ve kültürel açıdan bakıldığında, Abhazya’nın günümüzde sahip olduğu toprakların, tarihin eski dönemlerinden bu yana Gürcü bölgesi olduğu ve bölgede gerçekleşen demografik değişiklilerin ancak Orta Çağın son dönemlerinde gerçekleştiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bu kitabın yazarları 1992 – 1993 yılları arasında Rusya tarafından Gürcistan’a karşı girişilen hibrid savaşlardan ve 2008’de gerçekleştirilen açık saldırganlıktan bahsetmektedirler. Burada, savaştan sonra meydana gelen insani felaketler betimlenmiş, Abhazya’nın işgali ile Avrupa- Atlantik sahasına karşı yapılan hukuksuz jeopolitik gelişmeler anlatılmış ve uluslararası kuruluşların katılımıyla Abhazya’da sürekli ortaya çıkan çatışmaların barışçıl bir yol ile çözülmesinin gerekliliği üzerinde durulmuştur. Düzenleme Levan Titmeria ISBN 978-9941-461-51-4 İçindekiler Giriş (Prof. Dr. Cemal Gamakharia) ..................................... 5 1. -
Packet 4.Pdf
Pre-ICT and Nationals Open/Minnesota Open 2019 (PIANO/MO): “What about bad subject matter? Or a bad title drop, even? That could kill a tournament pretty good.” Written and edited by Jacob Reed, Adam Silverman, Sam Bailey, Michael Borecki, Stephen Eltinge, Adam S. Fine, Jason Golfinos, Matt Jackson, Wonyoung Jang, Michael Kearney, Moses Kitakule, Shan Kothari, Chloe Levine, John Marvin, and Derek So, with Joey Goldman and Will Holub-Moorman. Packet 4 Tossups 1. The original designs for a highway in this city involved the destruction of its namesake Life Insurance Company, its largest black-owned business. Bill Dedman won the 1989 Pulitzer Prize for the series “The Color of Money” about redlining in this city. Its redlining was also described in Kevin Kruse’s White Flight. This city tripled in size under its 1952 “Plan of Improvement,” though it never annexed Sandy Springs, a community founded during the “cityhood” movement in its suburbs. This city was supposedly “too (*) busy to hate” while its white majority was being maintained by Mayor William Hartsfield. In a 1964 Supreme Court case, the use of the Commerce Clause to implement the Civil Rights Act was upheld after a motel in this city refused to take black customers. In the ‘60s and 70s, many whites moved to Fulton, Gwinnett, and DeKalb counties from—for 10 points—what Georgia city? ANSWER: Atlanta [accept Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States] <MB> 2. At the end of a story by this author, the narrator says that he considers another man’s confusion to be “quite my revenge,” following a disappointing conversation with Drayton Deane. -
The Ossets in Georgia
ANZOR TOTADZE THE OSSETS IN GEORGIA: MYTH AND REALITY Publishing House “Universal” Tbilisi 2008 The present book highlights the anatomy of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and on the basis of analysis of Georgian and foreign literary sources and official demographic data it discusses the issues of Ossets migration to Georgia in the XVII-XIX centuries and of the aboriginal population of Tskhinvali. It also displays the absurd consideration of the Ossetian dilettante scholars on “South Ossetia” joining Russia in 1774, the unprecedented facts of distorting the history of Georgia and their efforts to misappropriate the Georgian cultural heritage. By the offcial statistical data living standard of Ossets in Georgia is the highest in the former Soviet Union. editor: Academician Mariam Lordkipanidze review: Professor Anzor Sakhvadze Professor Vazha Gurgenidze © A. Totadze, 2008 Publishing House “UNIVERSAL” 19, I. Chavchavadze Ave., 0179, Tbilisi,Georgia : 22 36 09, 8(99) 17 22 30, E-mail: [email protected] ISBN 99940-61-90-9 2 ANATOMY OF THE CONFLICT “I would like to be unbiased and clear up whether there were some hasty, senseless activities of Ossets, who intensified the contradictions through provocation. I would also like to say such events took place then. I mean declaration of sovereignty, which was fully orientated to Moscow with the prospect of uniting South and North Ossetia in the future. Aspirations of South Ossetians to join their Northern tribesmen can be understood from the human viewpoint. However, from the geopolitical viewpoint it is a mistake. The main Caucasus Ridge is a natural border between Georgia and Ossetia and any efforts of removing this border will cause permanent conflicting situation between Georgians and Ossets. -
National Report on the State of the Environment of Georgia
National Report on the State of the Environment of Georgia 2007 - 2009 FOREWORD This National Report on the State of Environment 2007-2009 has been developed in accordance with the Article 14 of the Law of Georgia on Environmental Protection and the Presidential Decree N 389 of 25 June 1999 on the Rules of Development of National Report on the State of Environment. According to the Georgian legislation, for the purpose of public information the National Report on the State of Environment shall be developed once every three years. 2007-2009 National Report was approved on 9 December 2011. National Report is a summarizing document of all existing information on the state of the environment of Georgia complexly analyzing the state of the environment of Georgia for 2007-2009. The document describes the main directions of environmental policy of the country, presents information on the qualita- tive state of the environment, also presents information on the outcomes of the environmental activities carried out within the frames of international relations, and gives the analysis of environmental impact of different economic sectors. National Report is comprised of 8 Parts and 21 chapters: • Qualitative state of environment (atmospheric air, water resources, land resources, natural disasters, biodiversity, wastes and chemicals, ionizing radiation), • Environmental impact of different economic sectors (agriculture, forestry, transport, industry and en- ergy sector), • Environmental protection management (environmental policy and planning, environmental regula- tion and monitoring, environmental education and awareness raising). In the development of the present State of Environment (SOE) the Ministry of Environment Protection was assisted by the EU funded Project Support to the Improvement of the Environmental Governance in Georgia. -
MLK Asteroids Report
The Asteroids Report for Martin Luther King 15 January 1929 12:00 Atlanta, Georgia Profesional Astro Reports www.astro-reports.com [email protected] Introduction to the Asteroids Report Asteroids orbit around the Sun just as planets do, but they are generally smaller than planets, and some of their physical characteristics and orbital characteristics are different from those of planets. Some objects are classified as being dwarf planets, and these objects are more similar to planets than most asteroids but do not fully have the characteristics that are typical of a planet. Pluto was once regarded officially as a planet but has been reclassified as a dward planet, and the asteroid Ceres is now widely regarded as a dwarf planet. Of the hundreds of thousands of asteroids that orbit around our Sun, over 1,000 of them have been given names that are related to myths, legends, literary or historical figures of interest, or places. Some astrologers believe that asteroids have a significance and relevance to human life just as the planets do, and that the astrological significance of the asteroid is often related in some way to the name of the asteroid. In this report 1,425 asteroids are analyzed to see if they are conjunct in zodiac longitude the Sun, Moon, or planets in the birth chart within a 1 degree orb. If the conjunction occurs, information about the asteroid is provided. Those astrologers who include hundreds of asteroids in their interpretations believe that the asteroids often related to very specific events in your life. The names of close family and friends and situations that you encounter in life often reflect the nature of the asteroids that are conjunct planets in your chart. -
Rustaveli and Nizami
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature Intercultural Space: Rustaveli and Nizami Tbilisi 2021 1 UDK )ირააირ 29.( .8.281. .1.8 )ილევათსურ 29.( .1.821.128 919-ი TSU Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature This Book was prepared as part of the Basic Research Grant Project (N FR17_109), supported by the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia. Editors: Maka Elbakidze, Ivane Amirhanashvili ©Ivane Amirkhanashvili, Maka Elbakidze, Nana Gonjilashvili, Lia Karichashvili, Irma Ratiani, Oktai Kazumov, Lia Tsereteli, Firuza Abdulaeva, Zahra Allahverdiyeva, Nushaba Arasli, Samira Aliyeva, Tahmina Badalova, Hurnisa Bashirova, Isa Habibbayli, Abolfasl Muradi Rasta. Layout: Tinatin Dugladze Cover by ISBN 2 Contents Preface.....………………………………………………………………….…7 Rustaveli and Nizami – Studies in Historical Context Lia Tsereteli On the History of Studying the Topic…………………………222……211 Zahra Allahverdieva On history of study of Nizami Ganjavi and Shota Rustaveli in Azerbaijan…………………………………..…31 Rustaveli - The Path to Renaissance Maka Elbakidze The Knight in the Panther's Skin – the path of Georgian literature to Renaissance………………………2239 Nizami – Poet and Thinker Isa Habibbayli Great Azerbaijani Poet Nizami Ganjavi……………………………22…57 Zahra Allahverdiyeva Philosophy of Love of Nizami Ganjavi…………………………...……78 3 Zahra Allahverdiyeva Nizami Ganjavi's “Iskandar-nameh”…………………………22………292 Hurnisa Bashirova The epic poem ”Leyli and Majnun”………………………………..…112 of Nizami Ganjavi Nushaba Arasli The Fourth Poem of the „Five Treasures“…………………………....120 Samira Aliyeva The Lyrics of Nizami Ganjavi…………………………………………8.. Tahmina Badalova Nizami Ganjavi and World Literature………………………………..168 Nushaba Arasli Nizami and Turkish Literature…………………………………….…2190 Aesthetic Views of Rustaveli and Nizami Ivane Amirkhanashvili Nizami and Rustaveli: Time and the Aesthetic Creed……………………………………..…2203 Irma Ratiani The Three Realities in Rustaveli……………………………………22.221 Ivane Amirkhanashvili The Cosmological Views of Rustaveli and Nizami…………………22.. -
Diversity, Phylogenesis and Evolutionary Mechanisms in the Genus Rubus
Palacký University Olomouc Faculty of Science Department of Botany Diversity, phylogenesis and evolutionary mechanisms in the genus Rubus PhD. Thesis Mgr. Michal Sochor Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Bohumil Trávníček, Ph.D. Consultant: RNDr. Radim J. Vašut, PhD. Olomouc 2016 Bibliografická identifikace Jméno a příjmení autora: Michal Sochor Název práce: Diverzita, fylogeneze a evoluční mechanismy v rodu Rubus Typ práce: doktorská Pracoviště: Katedra botaniky PřF UP Vedoucí práce: doc. RNDr. Bohumil Trávníček, PhD. Rok obhajoby: 2016 Abstrakt: Rod ostružiník (Rubus), zejména jeho nejbohatší podrod (subgenus Rubus), představuje v Evropě a na Jižním Kavkazu jednu z taxonomicky nejkomplikovanějších skupin rostlin. Jen v Evropě je uznáváno více než 750 druhů ostružiníků, z nichž naprostá většina je polyploidních s různou mírou asexuálního rozmnožování pomocí semen (apomixe, agamospermie). Pouze málo druhů je diploidních, a tedy striktně sexuálních. Ostružiníková flóra Jižního Kavkazu je prozkoumaná jen velmi sporadicky, ačkoliv nepochybně představuje jedno z evolučních center podrodu Rubus. Předložená práce se zabývá třemi dílčími tématy: 1.) fylogeneze evropských ostružiníků s důrazem na nalezení vztahů a vazeb mezi diploidními a polyploidními taxony; 2.) fylogeografie diploidního okruhu R. ulmifolius/sanctus agg. a její vztah k evoluci polyploidního komplexu série Discolores; 3.) cytotypová, reprodukční a haplotypová diverzita kolchidských ostružiníků. Práce ukazuje, že celý polyploidní komplex i přes svou bohatost a rozmanitost vznikl z genofondů pouhých 7 ancestrálních diploidních druhů nebo druhových okruhů, z nichž tři jsou pravděpodobně vyhynulé. Naopak některé diploidní druhy jižní Evropy a Makaronézie se na evoluci polyploidů zřejmě nepodílely. Jeden z předků, R. ulmifolius/sanctus agg., prodělal během posledního glaciálu redukci svého rozšíření a efekt hrdla lahve ve východních částech areálu. -
Lithological–Stratigraphic Characteristics of the Aptian–Cenomanian Sediments of the Abkhazian Zone of the Western Caucasus
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233985500 Lithological–Stratigraphic Characteristics of the Aptian–Cenomanian Sediments of the Abkhazian Zone of the Western Caucasus Article in Moscow University Geology Bulletin · July 2012 DOI: 10.3103/S0145875212040023 CITATIONS READS 2 48 9 authors, including: Ruslan Gabdullin Ludmila Fedorovna Kopaevich Lomonosov Moscow State University Lomonosov Moscow State University 178 PUBLICATIONS 61 CITATIONS 81 PUBLICATIONS 373 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Eugene N Samarin E. V. Yakovishina Lomonosov Moscow State University Lomonosov Moscow State University 25 PUBLICATIONS 14 CITATIONS 24 PUBLICATIONS 10 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, Available from: Ruslan Gabdullin letting you access and read them immediately. Retrieved on: 19 September 2016 ISSN 01458752, Moscow University Geology Bulletin, 2012, Vol. 67, No. 4, pp. 218–232. © Allerton Press, Inc., 2012. Original Russian Text © R.R. Gabdullin, L.F. Kopaevich, E.A. Scherbinina, O.V. Zerkal’, E.N. Samarin, E.V. Yakovishina, A.M. Akuba, N.T. Zagrachev, G.K. Kozlova, 2012, published in Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Geologiya, 2012, No. 4, pp. 12–25. Lithological–Stratigraphic Characteristics of the Aptian– Cenomanian Sediments of the Abkhazian Zone of the Western Caucasus R. R. Gabdullina, L. F. Kopaevicha, E. A. Scherbininab, O. V. Zerkal’a, E. N. Samarina, E. V. Yakovishinaa, A. M. Akubac,