DOCSLIB.ORG

Russia's Military Strategy and Doctrine

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Russia's Military Strategy and Doctrine HOWARD AND CZEKAJ RUSSIA’S RUSSIA’S MILITARY STRATEGY MILITARY AND DOCTRINE STRATEGY Russia’s Military Strategy and Doctrine is designed to educate Russia watchers, AND DOCTRINE STRATEGY RUSSIA’S MILITARY policymakers, military leaders, and the broader foreign policy community about the Russian AND DOCTRINE Armed Forces and security apparatus across the full spectrum of geographic, doctrinal and domain areas. Each chapter addresses a different strategic-level issue related to the Russian military, ranging from “hybrid” warfare doctrine, to the role nuclear weapons play in its strategy, to cyber and electromagnetic warfare, to Moscow’s posture in the Arctic or the Black Sea, to the lessons its Armed Forces have learned from their ongoing operations in Syria and eastern Ukraine. And each section of the book is written by one of the world’s foremost experts on that theme of Russia’s military development. ­■­■­■ The key questions emphasized by this book include “how Russia fights wars” and “how its experiences with modern conflicts are shaping the evolution of Russia’s military strategy, capabilities and doctrine.” The book’s value comes not only from a piecemeal look at granular Russian strategies in each of the theaters and domains where its Armed Forces may act, but more importantly this study seeks to present a unifying description of Russia’s military strategy as a declining but still formidable global power. Russia’s Military Strategy and Doctrine will be an essential reference for US national security thinkers, NATO defense planners and policymakers the world over who must deal with the potential military and security challenges posed by Moscow. ­■­■­■ “This book is a major addition to the field of Russian military studies and should Glen E. Howard and be required reading by many of our senior civilian and military policymakers. Its Matthew Czekaj, Editors insights on Russian military strategy in key regions of the world are of great value and will last for years to come. Jamestown is always a pivotal source of information and a resource I greatly value, both now and since I left the US Army.” Foreword by —LTG (ret.) Ben Hodges, former Commanding General of US Army Europe, Jamestown Foundation The Former NATO SACEUR and Pershing Chair at the Center for European Policy Analysis General Philip M. Breedlove $24.95 ISBN 978-0-9986660-1-3 52495> 9 780998 666013 Cover design: Peggy Archambault/archdesign1.com Photo: Shutterstock Russias Military Strategy and Doctrine4.indd 1 1/6/19 12:09 PM RUSSIA’S MILITARY STRATEGY AND DOCTRINE __________________________________________________ Glen E. Howard and Matthew Czekaj, Editors Foreword by Former NATO SACEUR General Philip M. Breedlove Washington, DC February 2019 THE JAMESTOWN FOUNDATION Published in the United States by The Jamestown Foundation 1310 L Street NW Suite 810 Washington, DC 20005 http://www.jamestown.org Copyright © 2019 The Jamestown Foundation All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written consent. For copyright and permissions information, contact The Jamestown Foundation, 1310 L Street NW, Suite 810, Washington, DC 20005. The views expressed in the book are those of the contributors and not necessarily those of The Jamestown Foundation. For more information on this book of The Jamestown Foundation, email [email protected]. ISBN: 978-0-9986660-1-3 Cover art provided by Peggy Archambault of Peggy Archambault Design. Jamestown’s Mission The Jamestown Foundation’s mission is to inform and educate policy makers and the broader community about events and trends in those societies which are strategically or tactically important to the United States and which frequently restrict access to such information. Utilizing indigenous and primary sources, Jamestown’s material is delivered without political bias, filter or agenda. It is often the only source of information which should be, but is not always, available through official or intelligence channels, especially in regard to Eurasia and terrorism. Origins Founded in 1984 by William Geimer, The Jamestown Foundation made a direct contribution to the downfall of Communism through its dissemination of information about the closed totalitarian societies of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. William Geimer worked with Arkady Shevchenko, the highest- ranking Soviet official ever to defect when he left his position as undersecretary general of the United Nations. Shevchenko’s memoir Breaking With Moscow revealed the details of Soviet superpower diplomacy, arms control strategy and tactics in the Third World, at the height of the Cold War. Through its work with Shevchenko, Jamestown rapidly became the leading source of information about the inner workings of the captive nations of the former Communist Bloc. In addition to Shevchenko, Jamestown assisted the former top Romanian intelligence officer Ion Pacepa in writing his memoirs. Jamestown ensured that both men published their insights and experience in what became bestselling books. Even today, several decades later, some credit Pacepa’s revelations about Ceausescu’s regime in his bestselling book Red Horizons with the fall of that government and the freeing of Romania. The Jamestown Foundation has emerged as a leading provider of information about Eurasia. Our research and analysis on conflict and instability in Eurasia enabled Jamestown to become one of the most reliable sources of information on the post-Soviet space, the Caucasus and Central Asia as well as China. Furthermore, since 9/11, Jamestown has utilized its network of indigenous experts in more than 50 different countries to conduct research and analysis on terrorism and the growth of al-Qaeda and al-Qaeda offshoots throughout the globe. By drawing on our ever-growing global network of experts, Jamestown has become a vital source of unfiltered, open-source information about major conflict zones around the world—from the Black Sea to Siberia, from the Persian Gulf to Latin America and the Pacific. Our core of intellectual talent includes former high-ranking government officials and military officers, political scientists, journalists, scholars and economists. Their insight contributes significantly to policymakers engaged in addressing today’s newly emerging global threats in the post 9/11 world. iii Table of Contents Acknowledgements……………………………………………….v Foreword By Philip M. Breedlove……………………………………………vii Introduction By Glen E. Howard and Matthew Czekaj………………………….ix Part I: The Geographic Vectors of Russia’s Strategy 1. The Russian Strategic Offensive in the Middle East By Pavel Felgenhauer………………………………………………3 2. Strategy in the Black Sea and Mediterranean By Ihor Kabanenko………………………………………………..34 3. Russia’s Arctic and Far East Strategies By Pavel K. Baev…………………………………………………..75 4. Baltic Sea Strategy By Jörgen Elfving………………………………………………....102 Part II: Non-Conventional Elements of Strategy and Doctrine 5. Not ‘Hybrid’ but New Generation Warfare By Jānis Bērziņš………………………………………………….157 Cont. next page… iv …Contents, cont. from last page 6. Russian Nuclear Policy, Doctrine and Strategy By Stefan Forss…………………………………………………...185 7. Putin’s ‘Asymmetric Strategy’: Nuclear and New-Type Weapons in Russian Defense Policy By Stephen Blank………………………………………………...251 8. Russia’s Offensive and Defensive Use of Information Security By Sergey Sukhankin…………………………………………….302 Part III: Lessons Learned and Domestic Implications 9. Deciphering the Lessons Learned by the Russian Armed Forces in Ukraine, 2014–2017 By Roger N. McDermott…………………………………………345 10. Russian Lessons Learned From the Operation in Syria: A Preliminary Assessment By Dmitry (Dima) Adamsky…………………………………….379 11. The Concept of Mass Mobilization Returns By Aleksandr Golts………………………………………………411 Contributors’ Biographies…………………………………….436 v Acknowledgements As one of the premier research and analysis organizations in Washington, DC, not funded by any branch of the US government, The Jamestown Foundation occupies a unique niche in providing timely, opinion-free and data-driven analysis to the policymaking community. And since its founding in 1984, the key to Jamestown’s success has always been our rich and unmatched network of international experts and researchers. Within the core group of our regular writers, however, is another sub-strata of Jamestown analysts, who represent our own elite of sorts—the best of the best within the analytical community of Russia and Eurasia experts. It is these elite analysts that we immediately turned to in order to make this book possible. The majority of the contributors who have written chapters for Russia’s Military Strategy and Doctrine are not freshly graduated from universities; they are specialists who have been writing about this region and closely examining Russian actions and behavior for decades. Each of this book’s chapters, therefore, is informed by the author’s extensive professional experience and, in many cases, invaluable retrospective analysis combined with modernity. That analytical approach provides an unmatched collective assessment of Russian goals and regional strategies emerging from Syria to the Arctic that blend together the lessons of the Soviet past with the present to help us understand the course of Russia’s future military strategy and behavior. Such a volume has been long overdue. The field of Russian military studies, as a whole, has noticeably declined in the United States. And this has been the case despite three
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Academia Militar
    ACADEMIA MILITAR Análise da Intervenção Russa na Crimeia Autor: Aspirante de Cavalaria Tiago Filipe Simões Ramos Orientador: Professor Catedrático António José Telo Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Militares, na especialidade de Cavalaria Relatório Científico Final do Trabalho de Investigação Aplicada Lisboa, setembro de 2019 ACADEMIA MILITAR Análise da Intervenção Russa na Crimeia Autor: Aspirante de Cavalaria Tiago Filipe Simões Ramos Orientador: Professor Catedrático António José Telo Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Militares, na especialidade de Cavalaria Relatório Científico Final do Trabalho de Investigação Aplicada Lisboa, setembro de 2019 EPÍGRAFE “Submeter o inimigo sem combater é a excelência suprema.” Sun Tzu i DEDICATÓRIA À minha família. ii AGRADECIMENTOS Esta dissertação representa o culminar dos anos de trabalho, cujo produto não vem só do esforço individual, mas também do apoio de muitos outros, cuja menção é necessária para lhes dar o merecido mérito. Quero começar por agradecer à Academia Militar, instituição que me acolheu, sem a qual não estaria onde estou. Ao Curso Tenente General Bernardim Freire de Andrade, o meu curso de entrada, por todos os momentos partilhados, no “conhaque” e no “trabalho”, desde o início até ao fim da viagem. Ao curso Tenente General de Artilharia e Engenheiro Mor Luís Serrão Pimentel, por me ter acolhido a meio caminho e nunca me ter desenquadrado. Em ambos tenho amigos, sem os quais os longos anos tinham sido ainda mais longos. Ao meu diretor de curso, o Tenente-Coronel de Cavalaria Baltazar, pela dedicação, empenho e paciência na transmissão dos ensinamentos e pela integração no espírito da arma. Ao meu orientador, Professor Catedrático António Telo, cujos conhecimentos e orientação permitiram o desenvolvimento deste trabalho.
    [Show full text]
  • The Palgrave Handbook of Digital Russia Studies
    The Palgrave Handbook of Digital Russia Studies Edited by Daria Gritsenko Mariëlle Wijermars · Mikhail Kopotev The Palgrave Handbook of Digital Russia Studies Daria Gritsenko Mariëlle Wijermars • Mikhail Kopotev Editors The Palgrave Handbook of Digital Russia Studies Editors Daria Gritsenko Mariëlle Wijermars University of Helsinki Maastricht University Helsinki, Finland Maastricht, The Netherlands Mikhail Kopotev Higher School of Economics (HSE University) Saint Petersburg, Russia ISBN 978-3-030-42854-9 ISBN 978-3-030-42855-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42855-6 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2021. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifc statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
    [Show full text]
  • Russia's Foreign Policy Change and Continuity in National Identity
    Russia’s Foreign Policy Russia’s Foreign Policy Change and Continuity in National Identity Second Edition Andrei P. Tsygankov ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Lanham • Boulder • New York • Toronto • Plymouth, UK Published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 http://www.rowmanlittlefield.com Estover Road, Plymouth PL6 7PY, United Kingdom Copyright © 2010 by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tsygankov, Andrei P., 1964- Russia's foreign policy : change and continuity in national identity / Andrei P. Tsygankov. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7425-6752-8 (cloth : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-0-7425-6753-5 (paper : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-0-7425-6754-2 (electronic) 1. Russia (Federation)--Foreign relations. 2. Soviet Union--Foreign relations. 3. Great powers. 4. Russia (Federation)--Foreign relations--Western countries. 5. Western countries--Foreign relations--Russia (Federation) 6. Nationalism--Russia (Federation) 7. Social change--Russia (Federation) I. Title. DK510.764.T785 2010 327.47--dc22 2009049396 ™ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Printed in the United States of America It is the eternal dispute between those who imagine the world to suit their policy, and those who arrange their policy to suit the realities of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Weather Reporting -- Volume C2
    WEATHER REPORTING MESSAGES MÉTÉOROLOGIQUES МЕТЕОРОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ INFORMES METEOROLOGICOS VOLUME/TOM/VOLUMEN C2 TRANSMISSION PROGRAMMES PROGRAMMES DE TRANSMISSION ЛPOГPAMMЬI ЛEPEДY PROGRAMAS DE TRANSMISIÓN 2012 Weather y Climate y Water World Meteorological Organization Organisation météorologique mondiale Всемирная Метеорологическая Организация Organización Meteorológica Mundial WMO/OMM/BMO No. 9 WEATHER REPORTING MESSAGES MÉTÉOROLOGIQUES МЕТЕОРОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ INFORMES METEOROLOGICOS VOLUME/TOM/VOLUMEN C2 TRANSMISSION PROGRAMMES PROGRAMMES DE TRANSMISSION ЛPOГPAMMЬI ЛEPEДY PROGRAMAS DE TRANSMISIÓN 2012 Edition World Meteorological Organization Organisation météorologique mondiale Всемирная Метеорологическая Организация Organización Meteorológica Mundial WMO/OMM/BMO No. 9 COPYRIGHT © World Meteorological Organization © Organisation météorologique mondiale The right of publication in print, electronic and any other L’OMM se réserve le droit de publication en version imprimée form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts ou électronique ou sous toute autre forme et dans n’importe from WMO publications may be reproduced without quelle langue. De courts extraits des publications de l’OMM authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly peuvent être reproduits sans autorisation, pour autant que la indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, source complète soit clairement indiquée. La correspondance reproduce or translate this publication in part or in whole relative au contenu rédactionnel
    [Show full text]
  • 586 World Political
    22_Biz_in_Global_Econ MAPS 12/14/04 2:56 PM Page 586 WORLD POLITICAL MAP ARCTIC OCEAN Barrow GREENLAND Fort Yukon Port Radium Fairbanks ICELAND Nome Baker Lake Nuuk Reykjavik Rankin Inlet Torshavn Anchorage Cordova Fort Chipewyan Churchill Juneau Inukjuak Fort McMurray Bear Lake Dawson Creek Thompson Grande Prairie Flin Flon Su Prince Rupert Prince George Unalaska Prince Albert Dublin Labrador City U. K. Red Deer IRELAND Londo Saskatoon CANADA Kamloops Calgary Cork Moosonee Swift Current Vancouver Brandon Timmins Amos Williston Spokane Grand Forks Seattle Nantes Butte Duluth Ottawa Montreal Minneapolis Portland Bayonne Twin Falls MilWawkee Detroit Scottsbluff Chicago Buffalo Boston Valladolid Porto Omaha Madrid Provo New York Reno Denver Kansas City Baltimore PORTUGAL Philadelphia SPAIN Oakland U. S. A. St. Louis Washington D. C. Ponta Delgada Lisbon Sevilla San Francisco Norfolk Gibraltar Las Vegas Albuquerque Memphis Charlotte Rabat Los Angeles Atlanta Casablanca Tucson Dallas Birmingham San Diego ATLANTIC MOROCCO Houston New Orleans Jacksonville Canary Islands ALG Tampa WESTERN THE BAHAMAS MEXICO SAHARA Havana Mexico City CUBA DOM. REP. MAURITANIA Araouan JAMAICA Nouakchott BELIZE HAITI MALI HONDURAS SENEGAL Dakar GUATEMALA GAMBIA Bamako EL SALVADOR NICARAGUA BURKIN Caracas GUINEA BISSAU GUINEA Conakry GHANA IVORY T COSTA RICA Freetown VENEZUELA Georgetown COAST PACIFIC PANAMA Paramaribo SIERRA LEONE Bogota GUYANA Monrovia FRENCH GUIANA A SURINAME LIBERIA Abidjan COLOMBIA EQU SAO TOM ECUADOR Quito Belem Manaus Fortaleza Talara PERU
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Frankfurt Book Fair Catalogue (PDF)
    Sharing new conversations and fresh ideas for living life well. October 2020 – July 2021 Contents AT THE TABLE 7 SUSTAINABLE LIVING 21 HOME AND FAMILY 27 PERSONAL TRANSFORMATION AND SELF HELP 37 BACKLIST 51 INDEX 75 SALES CONTACTS 78 Books for living life well. What a year it has been. Perhaps that is enough said on that! From a publishing perspective, it has reinforced our philosophy at Murdoch Books of publishing books that add value to people’s lives. What we call books for ‘living life well.’ A taste of our upcoming line-up includes food waste pioneer Ronni Kahn’s uplifting memoir, A Repurposed Life; Durkhanai Ayubi’s love letter to her family’s homeland, Parwana: Recipes and Stories from an Afghan Kitchen; Alice Zaslavsky’s joyous celebration of all things vegetable, In Praise of Veg; Bill Granger’s very grown up Australian Food; Duncan Welgemoed’s take-no- prisoners cookbook inspired by his South African Heritage and award-winning restaurant, Africola: Slow food, fast words, cult chef; bestselling international author Belinda Alexandra’s ode to the relationship between women and their cats, The Divine Feline; a first aid kit for anxiety in book form by Tammi Kirkness, The Panic Button Book; Emily Ehlers’ self help guide for the modern era, Hope is a Verb; and the mouth-watering and eye opening Amber & Rye: A Baltic food journey through Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania from Zuza Zak. Stay safe! Lou Johnson Publishing Director, Murdoch Books Lou Johnson is the Publishing Director of Murdoch Books. Kelly Doust’s career in publishing spans 20+ years in the roles She has previously held senior roles across leading publishing of publisher, publicity manager and as an author of eight books houses, including Managing Director for Simon and Schuster of fiction and non-fiction.
    [Show full text]
  • Literary, Subsidiary, and Foreign Rights Agents
    Literary, Subsidiary, and Foreign Rights Agents A Mini-Guide by John Kremer Copyright © 2011 by John Kremer All rights reserved. Open Horizons P. O. Box 2887 Taos NM 87571 575-751-3398 Fax: 575-751-3100 Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.bookmarket.com Introduction Below are the names and contact information for more than 1,450+ literary agents who sell rights for books. For additional lists, see the end of this report. The agents highlighted with a bigger indent are known to work with self-publishers or publishers in helping them to sell subsidiary, film, foreign, and reprint rights for books. All 325+ foreign literary agents (highlighted in bold green) listed here are known to work with one or more independent publishers or authors in selling foreign rights. Some of the major literary agencies are highlighted in bold red. To locate the 260 agents that deal with first-time novelists, look for the agents highlighted with bigger type. You can also locate them by searching for: “first novel” by using the search function in your web browser or word processing program. Unknown author Jennifer Weiner was turned down by 23 agents before finding one who thought a novel about a plus-size heroine would sell. Her book, Good in Bed, became a bestseller. The lesson? Don't take 23 agents word for it. Find the 24th that believes in you and your book. When querying agents, be selective. Don't send to everyone. Send to those that really look like they might be interested in what you have to offer.
    [Show full text]
  • How the Kremlin Weaponizes Information, Culture and Money by Peter Pomerantsev and Michael Weiss
    The Menace of Unreality: How the Kremlin Weaponizes Information, Culture and Money by Peter Pomerantsev and Michael Weiss A Special Report presented by The Interpreter, a project of the Institute of Modern Russia imrussia.org interpretermag.com The Institute of Modern Russia (IMR) is a nonprofit, nonpartisan public policy organization—a think tank based in New York. IMR’s mission is to foster democratic and economic development in Russia through research, advocacy, public events, and grant-making. We are committed to strengthening respect for human rights, the rule of law, and civil society in Russia. Our goal is to promote a principles- based approach to US-Russia relations and Russia’s integration into the community of democracies. The Interpreter is a daily online journal dedicated primarily to translating media from the Russian press and blogosphere into English and reporting on events inside Russia and in countries directly impacted by Russia’s foreign policy. Conceived as a kind of “Inopressa in reverse,” The Interpreter aspires to dismantle the language barrier that separates journalists, Russia analysts, policymakers, diplomats and interested laymen in the English-speaking world from the debates, scandals, intrigues and political developments taking place in the Russian Federation. CONTENTS Introductions ...................................................................... 4 Executive Summary ........................................................... 6 Background ........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Kazakhstan Missile Chronology
    Kazakhstan Missile Chronology Last update: May 2010 As of May 2010, this chronology is no longer being updated. For current developments, please see the Kazakhstan Missile Overview. This annotated chronology is based on the data sources that follow each entry. Public sources often provide conflicting information on classified military programs. In some cases we are unable to resolve these discrepancies, in others we have deliberately refrained from doing so to highlight the potential influence of false or misleading information as it appeared over time. In many cases, we are unable to independently verify claims. Hence in reviewing this chronology, readers should take into account the credibility of the sources employed here. Inclusion in this chronology does not necessarily indicate that a particular development is of direct or indirect proliferation significance. Some entries provide international or domestic context for technological development and national policymaking. Moreover, some entries may refer to developments with positive consequences for nonproliferation. 2009-1947 March 2009 On 4 March 2009, Kazakhstan signed a contract to purchase S-300 air defense missile systems from Russia. According to Ministry of Defense officials, Kazakhstan plans to purchase 10 batteries of S-300PS by 2011. Kazakhstan's Air Defense Commander Aleksandr Sorokin mentioned, however, that the 10 batteries would still not be enough to shield all the most vital" facilities designated earlier by a presidential decree. The export version of S- 300PS (NATO designation SA-10C Grumble) has a maximum range of 75 km and can hit targets moving at up to 1200 m/s at a minimum altitude of 25 meters.
    [Show full text]
  • International Crimes in Crimea
    International Crimes in Crimea: An Assessment of Two and a Half Years of Russian Occupation SEPTEMBER 2016 Contents I. Introduction 6 A. Executive summary 6 B. The authors 7 C. Sources of information and methodology of documentation 7 II. Factual Background 8 A. A brief history of the Crimean Peninsula 8 B. Euromaidan 12 C. The invasion of Crimea 15 D. Two and a half years of occupation and the war in Donbas 23 III. Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court 27 IV. Contextual elements of international crimes 28 A. War crimes 28 B. Crimes against humanity 34 V. Willful killing, murder and enforced disappearances 38 A. Overview 38 B. The law 38 C. Summary of the evidence 39 D. Documented cases 41 E. Analysis 45 F. Conclusion 45 VI. Torture and other forms of inhuman treatment 46 A. Overview 46 B. The law 46 C. Summary of the evidence 47 D. Documented cases of torture and other forms of inhuman treatment 50 E. Analysis 59 F. Conclusion 59 VII. Illegal detention 60 A. Overview 60 B. The law 60 C. Summary of the evidence 62 D. Documented cases of illegal detention 66 E. Analysis 87 F. Conclusion 87 VIII. Forced displacement 88 A. Overview 88 B. The law 88 C. Summary of evidence 90 D. Analysis 93 E. Conclusion 93 IX. Crimes against public, private and cultural property 94 A. Overview 94 B. The law 94 C. Summary of evidence 96 D. Documented cases 99 E. Analysis 110 F. Conclusion 110 X. Persecution and collective punishment 111 A. Overview 111 B.
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 BRICS Ufa Summit Compliance Report 10 July 2015 to 19 September 2016
    2015 BRICS Ufa Summit Compliance Report 10 July 2015 to 19 September 2016 Prepared by: Mark Rakhmangulov, Andrey Shelepov, Andrei Sakharov and the Center for International Institutions Research of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow and Caroline Bracht, Alissa Wang and the University of Toronto BRICS Research Group Toronto 12 October 2016 2015 BRICS Ufa Compliance Report Contents Research Team .................................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction and Summary ............................................................................................................... 4 Methodology and Scoring System ................................................................................................. 4 The Breakdown of Commitments ................................................................................................. 5 Table 1: Distribution of BRICS Commitments across Issue Areas, 2009-2015 ......................... 6 Selection of Commitments ............................................................................................................ 6 Table 2: 2015 BRICS Ufa Summit Priority Commitments ...................................................... 7 Compliance Scores ........................................................................................................................ 7 Table 3: 2015 BRICS Ufa Summit Compliance Scores ...........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Explaining Foreign Policy Change in Transitional States
    Explaining Foreign Policy Change in Transitional States: A Case Study of Ukraine between Two Revolutions By © 2017 Lidiya Zubytska M.A., University of Notre Dame, 2004 B.A., Ivan Franko National University of L’viv, 2002 Submitted to the graduate degree program in Political Science and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Chair: Mariya Omelicheva Robert Rohrschneider Nazli Avdan Steven Maynard-Moody Erik Herron Date Defended: 24 July 2017 The dissertation committee for Lidiya Zubytska certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Explaining Foreign Policy Change in Transitional States: A Case Study of Ukraine between Two Revolutions Chair: Mariya Omelicheva Date Approved: 24 July 2017 ii ABSTRACT Over the span of a decade, Ukraine saw two revolutions that rocked its political and social life to the very core. The Orange revolution of 2004, a watershed event in the post-Soviet history of East European states, reversed the authoritarian trend in the country and proclaimed its course for democracy and integration with the European Union. However, reforms and electoral promises of the revolutionary leaders quickly turned into shambles, and instead another pro- Russian authoritarian leader consolidated power. As Ukrainian political elites vacillated between closer ties with the EU to its west and the Russian Federation to its east, the 2014 Revolution of Dignity rose again to defend the European future for Ukraine. In this work, I investigate the driving forces shaping foreign policymaking in Ukraine during these years. I posit that it was precisely because such policies were shaped in an uncertain post-revolutionary transitional political environment that we are able to see seemingly contradictory shifts in Ukraine’s relations with the EU and Russia.
    [Show full text]