How selection mechanisms in financial institutions contribute to regional path development Martin Gjelsvik Research Manager/Professor II IRIS/University of Stavanger, Norway E-mail:
[email protected] Abstract This paper addresses an issue absent in most studies on regional economic development, the role of financial institutions. The study concentrates on how the financial institutions select which firms and projects to fund, and how the selection mechanisms enable or constrain development trajectories in their respective regions. The study is guided by an evolutionary perspective on regional economic development, invoking the concept of path dependency. In that context, financial institutions may contribute to path extension, path renewal, path transplantation or path creation. The paper is based on a study of financial institutions in four Norwegian regions, and offers micro-level insights on what is selected to form the four respective path developments. We find that banks primarily support path extensions and to some degree path renewal. Venture capital has turned into private equity funds and has become more risk averse. They contribute primarily to restructuring of existing industries. Seed capital to fund start-ups is scarce, and has become even scarcer after the financial crisis. 1 Introduction Financial institutions are obviously a vital element in the regional innovation ecology. However, they are mostly absent in accounts of regional innovation systems. When financial institutions are dealt with in this context, the focus is generally confined to the role of venture capital. Surprisingly, the role of banks in regional development are left out. This paper addresses this gap by discussing the role of a differentiated set of financial institutions, including banks, venture capital, seed capital and wealthy individuals.