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Staropolska Turystyka Uzdrowiskowa W Xviii Wieku
CZASY NOWOŻYTNE TOM 23 ROK 2010 Adam Kucharski Toruń STAROPOLSKA TURYSTYKA UZDROWISKOWA W XVIII WIEKU W tytule niniejszego opracowania nieprzypadkowo użyłem terminu „tury- styka” w odniesieniu do staropolskich podróży „do wód” w XVIII w. Satyryczna bowiem wypowiedź Ignacego Krasickiego wskazuje, że moda na zagraniczne wy- jazdy kuracyjne, panująca wśród polskiej szlachty i magnaterii w XVIII w., miała nie tylko zdrowotne podłoże: Pewnieś chory dla wody; a że Karlsbad blisko, Zaciągnąłeś takowej słabości nazwisko, Co do Spa zaprowadza. Kazały doktory: Raźny, hoży, rumiany, a z tym wszystkim chory, Ażeby zdatną czerstwość sprowadził z zagranic, Spieszy pędem niezwykłym do wód kasztelanic. Już trzykroć się kurował i trzy wioski stracił. Cóż po wioskach bez zdrowia? Choć drogo zapłacił, Więcej zyskał. – Cóż przecie? – Nie do wód on spieszył. Trzy tylko szklanki wypił, ale się ucieszył, [...] Co to jest polski rezon. Spazmów i waporów, Nie uleczyły wody. Trzeba do doktorów1. Uwagi niezwykle bystrego obserwatora staropolskiej rzeczywistości XVIII w., jakim był Krasicki, dowodzą, że wojaże do europejskich uzdrowisk stały się w drugiej połowie stulecia niezwykle modne i zaczęto je traktować jako wysub- limowaną formę rozrywki, stanowiącą połączenie aspektu rekreacyjnego z cha- rakterem kuracyjnym i towarzyskim przedsiębranej podróży. Szczególnie w przy- padku arystokracji dużą wagę przykładano do bywania w świecie, pokazywania się w towarzystwie równych sobie stanem oraz zawierania korzystnych znajo- 1 I. Krasicki, Satyry i listy, oprac. J. Sokolski, Wrocław 1990, s. 95. 122 ADAM KUCHARSKI mości i koneksji. Analiza pamiętników i korespondencji polskich kuracjuszy po- zwala odpowiedzieć na pytanie, jak zmienił się charakter staropolskich wyjazdów leczniczych w XVIII w., które w poprzednich dwóch stuleciach stawiały sobie za cel przede wszystkim odzyskanie zdrowia. -
The History of Construction and Decoration of the Pažaislis Monastery Summary
The History of Construction and Decoration of the Pažaislis Monastery Summary The Pažaislis ensemble has a complex history. Historically, three periods are usually distinguished according to the monastic orders that occupied its buildings: Camaldolese (1662–32), Russian Orthodox (1832–1915), and the sisters of St. Casimir’s Congregation (1920–48, and since 1992). However, the history of the ensemble was interrupted by painful intrusions – World War I and a long period of Soviet rule, when the monastery changed hands quite often and suffered considerable damage. Among the topics addressed in the present book, the endowers of Pažaislis are discussed, their influence, artistic patronage, and possibilities of funding the construction are compared, the masters who were engaged in the construction, the character of commissions, and the course of works is described. However, the author of the book does not aim to undertake a more detailed analysis of artworks. The architecture of the buildings of the Pažaislis ensemble or the iconographic variety of its paintings deserves a separate research and studies. The keepers of the monastery, different monastic orders, and their life in the monastery may also become the topic of separate books. Thus, in the present book most attention is focused on the beginnings of the ensemble – construction and decoration works, and the relevant historical sources. Originally built for Camaldolese monks, the ensemble contains quite many features specific to the architecture of this monastic order. First of all, the ensemble itself was built farther from the city, in a remote woody place scarcely visited by people. This was determined by the hermitic lifestyle of the monks. -
Ann-Kathrin Deininger and Jasmin Leuchtenberg
STRATEGIC IMAGINATIONS Women and the Gender of Sovereignty in European Culture STRATEGIC IMAGINATIONS WOMEN AND THE GENDER OF SOVEREIGNTY IN EUROPEAN CULTURE EDITED BY ANKE GILLEIR AND AUDE DEFURNE Leuven University Press This book was published with the support of KU Leuven Fund for Fair Open Access Published in 2020 by Leuven University Press / Presses Universitaires de Louvain / Universitaire Pers Leuven. Minderbroedersstraat 4, B-3000 Leuven (Belgium). Selection and editorial matter © Anke Gilleir and Aude Defurne, 2020 Individual chapters © The respective authors, 2020 This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Non-Derivative 4.0 Licence. Attribution should include the following information: Anke Gilleir and Aude Defurne (eds.), Strategic Imaginations: Women and the Gender of Sovereignty in European Culture. Leuven, Leuven University Press. (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) ISBN 978 94 6270 247 9 (Paperback) ISBN 978 94 6166 350 4 (ePDF) ISBN 978 94 6166 351 1 (ePUB) https://doi.org/10.11116/9789461663504 D/2020/1869/55 NUR: 694 Layout: Coco Bookmedia, Amersfoort Cover design: Daniel Benneworth-Gray Cover illustration: Marcel Dzama The queen [La reina], 2011 Polyester resin, fiberglass, plaster, steel, and motor 104 1/2 x 38 inches 265.4 x 96.5 cm © Marcel Dzama. Courtesy the artist and David Zwirner TABLE OF CONTENTS ON GENDER, SOVEREIGNTY AND IMAGINATION 7 An Introduction Anke Gilleir PART 1: REPRESENTATIONS OF FEMALE SOVEREIGNTY 27 CAMILLA AND CANDACIS 29 Literary Imaginations of Female Sovereignty in German Romances -
Konferencijos Skelbimas4 ENG
VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITY Faculty of Humanities Department of History Department of Lithuanian Studies THE NOBLE FAMILY OF (PACOWIE) PACAI OF THE GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA AND LITHUANIAN BAROQUE International scientific conference, dedicated to the 400th birth anniversary of the GDL Chancellor Krzysztof Zygmunt Pac (1621–1684) Krzysztof Zygmunt Pac and his wife Claire Isabelle Mailly de Lascaris (ČDM Mt 1357) (ČDM Mt 1358) May 13–14, 2021 The noble family of Pacowie (Pacai) is important to the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in many respects. The members of the family – famous statesmen, public figures, the mouthpieces of religious culture, the patrons of art. The prominent members of the family: the Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Krzysztof Zygmunt Pac, his father Stefan Pac, the Vice-chancellor of the GDL, the Grand Hetman of the GDL Michał Kazimierz Pac, the Bishop of Vilnius Mikołaj Stefan Pac, the Bishop of Samogitia Kazimierz Pac, Samogitian Doyen Piotr Pac and the others. The noblemen Pacowie (Pacai) were extremely active and profitable in the Baroque period. The Baroque of the GDL is hardly imaginable without the churches and monasteries establishes by them. Not only their mansions in Vilnius and Warsaw astonished everybody with magnificent architecture, but the palaces in the provinces (in Jieznas, for example) as well. Nevertheless there are not enough fullscale research works analysing the influence of Pacowie (Pacai) on social-political life in the GDL and on the development of artistic culture. Krzysztof Zygmunt Pac was the Chancellor of the GDL for a long period of time, during the reign of three kings (1658–1684); he was the founder of several churches and of the monastery, had his residence in several mansion-houses and constantly participated in diplomatic contests in the Commonwealth of Both Nations and abroad. -
The Vitality of Letters, Memoirs and Diaries from Taken Lands
Respectus Philologicus 2018, 34 (39), 210–213 E-ISSN 2335-2388 Polskie dziewiętnastowieczne pamiętniki i listy z Ziem Zabranych – rola i miej- sce w badaniach historycznych, 2017. Eds. W. Caban, L. Michalska-Bracha. Wydawnictwo DiG, 535 pp. ISBN 978-83-65139-84-9 (UJK), ISBN 978-83-286- 0003-4 (DiG) The Vitality of Letters, Memoirs and Diaries from Taken Lands Gabija Bankauskaitė1 Lithuania / Litwa [email protected] The publication Memoirs and Letters of Polish Authors from Taken Lands in 19th Century – Role and Place in the Historical Research is devoted to a historically and literary complex issue. At the end of 2012, a research team formed at the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce was granted a project within the framework of the National Programme for the Development of Humanities by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland. The aim of the project is to identify, document, catalogue and look in detail at the memoirs and collections of letters written by Polish authors from the Taken Lands (in other words, Western Krai, the outskirts of the former Polish state, lands taken by the Russian Empire) at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The project provides an explanation of archival and library research in Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, France, England and Poland. The material of the publication involves the articles presented in the international scientific conference held in June 2016 in the framework of the national project “Memoirs and Letters of Polish Authors from the Taken Lands (Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine) in the Period 1795–1918”. -
Close Countries – Distant Countries. Polish-Swiss Freedom Analogies in the 19Th and 20Th Centuries
RES HISTORICA 50, 2020 DOI:10.17951/rh.2020.50.233-259 Piotr Bednarz (Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Poland) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1438-1591 E-mail: [email protected] Close Countries – Distant Countries. Polish-Swiss Freedom Analogies in the 19th and 20th Centuries Kraje bliskie – kraje dalekie. Polsko-szwajcarskie analogie wolnościowe w XIX/XX w. ABSTRACT The French Revolution became an inspiration for freedom movements not only in France itself, but also beyond its borders. The ideals expressed in the Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen also animated revolutionary and national liberation movements in Switzerland and on Polish soil throughout the long 19th century. The histo- riography of both countries tends to attribute a special role to Switzerland for the Polish idea of independence, as a country that is a refuge of freedom. The Poles deprived of it were to benefit from the support of the Swiss in their efforts to regain independence. Ho- wever, there is limited confirmation for this finding in historical facts. They prove that despite the common beginning of the liberal ideas of the 19th century, as the French Re- volution can be considered, the social history of the Swiss and Poles ran along completely PUBLICATION INFO e-ISSN: 2449-8467 ISSN: 2082-6060 THE AUTHOR’S ADDRESS: Piotr Bednarz, the Institute of History of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 4A Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, Lublin 20-031, Poland SOURCE OF FUNDING: Statutory Research of the Institute of History of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin SUBMITTED: ACCEPTED: PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2020.02.04 2020.07.07 2020.12.28 EDITORIAL WEBSITE OF THE JOURNAL: COMMITTEE E-mail: https://journals.umcs.pl/rh [email protected] 234 PIOTR BEDNARZ different paths. -
Lecture 7 the Polish Question 1831-1863 (Part I. from 1831 to the Revolution of 1848)
- 1 - Lecture 7 The Polish Question 1831-1863 (Part I. From 1831 to the Revolution of 1848) Introduction The period between 1831 and 1863 was one in which the ‘Polish question’ emerged as a major international problem. The Poles, however, unlike the Italians, the Germans and even in some ways the Hungarians, did not succeed in achieving national independence or unification. This failure had become evident by 1864 and indeed between that date and 1914 the impact of the Polish problem on international relations was virtually nil. At the same time, within the different areas of Poland, the problem of how to emancipate the dependent peasantry was becoming ever more pressing. The national problem and the peasant problem existed side by side, and though peasant discontent sometimes fueled national unrest, for the most part, the hostility of the peasantry to the manor proved a source of continual weakness to the Polish cause. I. The Emigration The crushing of the 1830 Uprising in the Kingdom of Poland had been followed by the emigration of between 5,000 and 7,000 revolutionaries, most of whom eventually made their way to France. This ‘Great Emigration’ included the poets Mickiewicz and Słowacki, the historian Lelewel and the pianist and composer Chopin, as well as other prominent political and cultural leaders, statesmen, generals and journalists. Most of its members were junior officers – regular soldiers in the army of the Kingdom of Poland - 2 - had for the most part been forced to accept the Russian amnesty. As a consequence, 75% of the emigration were of szlachta origin, though mostly without substantial means. -
Apollo Korzeniowski's Poland and Muscovy
APOLLO KORZENIOWSKI’S POLAND AND MUSCOVY Jerzy Zdrada The Jagiellonian University, Cracow Apollo Korzeniowski’s treatise entitled Poland and Muscovy has escaped the attention of scholars writing about the attitudes of Poles towards Russia in the post-partition era; to date only general summaries of the work have appeared in biographical notes on this “forgotten poet”. Presenting the essential idea of Korzeniowski’s “treatise-cum-memoir”, Czesław Miłosz rightly warns us against the rash tendency to ascribe nationalism to its author.1 In his turn, Roman Taborski, while granting the work “some documentary value”, defi nes it as “a sad testimony to a loss of perspicacity in this writer, who used to be so discerning in evaluating social phenomena”, adding that the treatise is “a historiosophic study which is imbued with extreme national chauvinism and continues the traditions of messianist ideology” by idealising Poland’s historical past and vilifying the Russian nation.2 In his pithy observation, Zdzisław Najder aptly emphasises the fact that “this embittered disquisition […] deals, in passionate tones, with Russo-Polish relations from the time of the fi rst partition” and with Russia’s place in Europe. Korzeniowski, Najder adds, shows Russia against the historical background of “a struggle between barbarism and civilization” as “a contemporary embodiment of Asiatic, Tartar, and Byzantine bar- barism”, thus accusing Western Europe of a “cowardly or naive attitude towards Russia”.3 However true these views may seem, they fail to do adequate justice to the con- tent, the character and the aim of Korzeniowski’s Poland and Muscovy. They do not take into account the connection between Apollo’s refl ections and the views, or rather 1 Czesław Miłosz. -
Hołd Pruski Z 1525 Roku Jako „Miejsce Pamięci” W Kulturze Staropolskiej
CZASY NOWOŻYTNE TOM 23 ROK 2010 Igor Kąkolewski Warszawa HOŁD PRUSKI Z 1525 ROKU JAKO „MIEJSCE PAMIĘCI” W KULTURZE STAROPOLSKIEJ Na przełomie XX i XXI w. w języku polskim termin „polityka historyczna” wszedł na stałe do słownika języka naukowego i prasowego1. Zwraca uwagę liczba konferencji zorganizowanych ostatnio w Polsce na temat polityki i zbio- rowej pamięci historycznej. Zarazem w ciągu ostatnich kilkunastu lat nader modna w historiografii, zwłaszcza francuskiej i niemieckiej, jest stworzona przez Pier- re’a Norę koncepcja lieux de memoire – „miejsc pamięci”2. Polsko-niemieckim „miejscom pamięci” (Erinnerungsorte) poświęcony został m.in. cykl międzynaro- dowych sympozjów zorganizowanych w latach 2008 –2009 przez Centrum Badań Historycznych PAN w Berlinie, których owocem ma być wielotomowa edycja ar- tykułów i esejów pod redakcją Roberta Traby i Hansa Henniga Hahna. Obydwaj ci historycy w tym ogromnym przedsięwzięciu postawili sobie za cel zebranie autorów gotowych do uprawiania historii tzw. drugiego stopnia, której istotą jest nie Rankowskie dążenie do odkrycia, „jak to w rzeczywistości było”, lecz raczej próba odpowiedzi na pytanie: dlaczego, jak i po co zapamiętujemy to, co było? Najkrócej rzecz ujmując, „miejscem pamięci” może być zarówno miejsce geo- graficzne związane z ważnym wydarzeniem historycznym (np. pole bitwy pod Grunwaldem z 1410 r.), jak i samo ważne wydarzenie dziejowe (np. inkorporacja Prus do Korony Polskiej w 1454 r. albo hołd pruski z 1525 r.), ale również insty- tucja (np. zakon krzyżacki) lub też postać historyczna (np. książę Albrecht Ho- henzollern i Mikołaj Kopernik). „Miejscem pamięci” zatem może być miejsce, 1 Rozszerzona wersja referatu wygłoszonego w trakcie panelu „Węzłowe problemy z dziejów dawnej Rzeczypospolitej w pamięci historycznej” podczas XVIII Powszechnego Zjazdu PTH w Olsztynie (19 września 2009). -
LITHUANIAN OPEN CHAMPIONSHIP Vilnius, 07 – 10 July 2016
LITHUANIAN OPEN CHAMPIONSHIP Vilnius, 07 – 10 July 2016 07JUL2016 – practice day 08 – 10JUL2016 – tournament rounds Participation fee – 125 Eur Included: Practice round on 07July Opening Ceremony and dinner with welcome drink 3 Tournament rounds 08, 09, 10July Lunch on tournament days Closing Ceremony & trophies on 10July ACCOMMODATION PACKAGE OPTIONS 3 nights package DBL/TWIN occupancy – 226 Eur/per person SGL occupancy – 316 Eur/per person 4 nights package DBL/TWIN occupancy – 266 Eur/per person SGL occupancy – 386 Eur/per person The package includes: 3 or 4 overnights at hotel 5* “Vilnius Grand Resort” Daily breakfast at hotel Vilnius Old City tour and dinner in a restaurant (08July) Trakai Castle tour and dinner in a restaurant (09July) With sightseeing Vilnius You will meet the Old Town, the historical centre of Vilnius, that is one of the largest in Eastern Europe. The most valuable historic and cultural heritage is concentrated here. During excursion You will visit: Vilnius Cathedral and its square, Gediminas Castle, the University campus, Pilies street with historical and architectural monuments dating back to 16th –18th century, Gothic corner of Vilnius with St. Anne's and Bernardine churches, the former Town Hall square, the Dawn Gate with a miraculous icon of Virgin Mary. You will be taken to the observation deck with panoramic views. Trakai is one of the oldest Lithuanian settlements spreading over unique glacial terrain and the ancient capital of Lithuania. Trakai features moraine hills emerging from water like islands and numerous lakes. Located 28 km from Vilnius, the ancient capital of Lithuania is now famous for its 15th century insular castle housing an exhibition on prehistoric findings and 17th-18th century applied arts, the way of life of the Lithuanian Grand Dukes and Karaites, a Judaist sect brought by grand Duke Vytautas from Crimea. -
Obraz Rosji W Rzeczypospolitej W Drugiej Połowie XVII Wieku
Title: Obraz Rosji w Rzeczypospolitej w drugiej połowie XVII wieku Author: Jerzy Wojciechowski Citation style: Wojciechowski Jerzy. (2020). Obraz Rosji w Rzeczypospolitej w drugiej połowie XVII wieku. Praca doktorska. Katowice : Uniwersytet Śląski UNIWERSYTET ŚLĄSKI W KATOWICACH WYDZIAŁ HUMANISTYCZNY INSTYTUT HISTORII Jerzy Wojciechowski Nr albumu: 7414 Obraz Rosji w Rzeczypospolitej w drugiej połowie XVII wieku Praca doktorska napisana pod kierunkiem dr hab. Aleksandry Skrzypietz, prof. UŚ Katowice 2020 Spis treści Wstęp ……………………………………………………. 3 Rozdział I. Rosja i jej mieszkańcy …………………….. 19 I. Kraj …………………………………………….... 20 II. Ludzie ………………………………………….... 43 III. Obyczaje ………………………………………… 75 Rozdział II. Władza i społeczeństwo ………………….. 105 I. Car i państwo ……………………………………. 106 II. Religia …………………………………………… 128 Rozdiał III. Relacje polsko-rosyjskie ………………….. 147 I. Wojsko rosyjskie ………………………………… 148 II. Wojna i jej konsekwencje ……………………….. 163 III. Losy mieszkańców Smoleńszczyzny i zabiegi Rzeczypospolitej o ich prawa …………………… 188 IV. Losy więźniów i jeńców w Rosji oraz zabiegi o ich powrót……………………………………… 202 V. Sojusznik czy wróg? ……………………………. 226 VI. Car na polskim tronie? ………………………….. 246 Zakończenie …………………………………………….. 279 Wykaz skrótów …………………………………………. 285 Bibliografia ……………………………………………... 287 Spis ilustracji ……………………………………………. 305 1 2 WSTĘP Druga połowa XVII wieku to ważny okres w relacjach pomiędzy Rzecząpospolitą a Rosją. Umownie za jej początek można przyjąć 1648 rok, kiedy wybuchło powstanie Chmielnickiego na Ukrainie. To -
A History of East Central Europe from the Middle Ages to the Present
THE PRICE OF FREEDOM 2nd Edition THE PRICE OF FREEDOM 2nd Edition A History of East Central Europe from the Middle Ages to the present Piotr S.Wandycz London and New York First published 1992 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 First published in paperback 1993 Second edition first published 2001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” © 1992, 2001 Piotr S.Wandycz All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Libtrary Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN 0-203-41740-2 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-72564-6 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-415-25490-6 (Hbk) ISBN 0-415-25491-4 (Print Edition) (Pbk) In memoriam Oscar Halecki and Hugh Seton-Watson CONTENTS List of maps vi List of tables vii Preface to the Second Edition viii Preface x A guide to pronunciation xiii INTRODUCTION: WHAT’S IN A NAME? 1 1 THE MEDIEVAL HERITAGE 17 2 THE CHALLENGE OF THE MODERN AGE 44 3 THE SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY CRISIS 70 4 ENLIGHTENED ABSOLUTISM OR ENLIGHTENED LIBERTY? 95 5 THE AGE OF LIBERAL NATIONALISM 122 6 FROM COMPROMISE TO INDEPENDENCE 150 7 THE DIFFICULT INDEPENDENCE 181 8 THE HARD ROAD TO FREEDOM 213 Notes 248 Chronological tables 251 Bibliography 273 Index 289 MAPS 1 East Central Europe in the late fifteenth century 11 2 East Central Europe, c.