Modern Automotive Technology
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Modern Automotive Technology Fundamentals, service, diagnostics von Richard Fischer, Rolf Gscheidle, Uwe Heider, Berthold Hohmann, Wolfgang Keil, Jochen Mann, Wolfram Pichler, Wolfgang Saier, Bernd Schlögl, Paul Siegmayer, Alois Wimmer, Günter Wormer 1. Auflage Modern Automotive Technology – Fischer / Gscheidle / Heider / et al. schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei beck-shop.de DIE FACHBUCHHANDLUNG Europa Lehrmittel 2006 Verlag C.H. Beck im Internet: www.beck.de ISBN 978 3 8085 2301 8 F-Kfz 00 S.01-10 5.qxd 23.06.2006 8:45 Uhr Seite 1 EUROPA REFERENCE BOOKS for Automotive Technology Modern Automotive Technology Fundamentals, service, diagnostics 1st English edition The German edition was written by technical instructors, engineers and technicians Editorial office (German edition): R. Gscheidle, Studiendirektor, Winnenden – Stuttgart VERLAG EUROPA-LEHRMITTEL · Nourney, Vollmer GmbH & Co. KG Düsselberger Strasse 23 · 42781 Haan-Gruiten · Germany Europa No.: 23018 F-Kfz 00 S.01-10 5.qxd 23.06.2006 8:45 Uhr Seite 2 Original title: Fachkunde Kraftfahrzeugtechnik, 28th edition 2004 Authors: Fischer, Richard Oberstudienrat Polling – München Gscheidle, Rolf Studiendirektor Winnenden – Stuttgart Heider, Uwe Kfz-Elektriker-Meister, Trainer Audi AG Neckarsulm – Oedheim Hohmann, Berthold Oberstudienrat Eversberg – Meschede Keil, Wolfgang Studiendirektor München Mann, Jochen Dipl.-Gwl., Studienrat Schorndorf – Stuttgart Pichler, Wolfram Ing. (grad.), Studiendirektor Pullach – München Schlögl, Bernd Dipl.-Gwl., Studienrat Rastatt – Gaggenau Siegmayer, Paul Dipl.-Ing., Studiendirektor Langenalb – Pforzheim Wimmer, Alois Oberstudienrat Stuttgart Wormer, Günter Dipl.-Ingenieur Karlsruhe Head of working group and editorial office: Rolf Gscheidle, Studiendirektor, Winnenden – Stuttgart Illustrations: Drawing office of Verlag Europa-Lehrmittel, Leinfelden-Echterdingen All information given in this book corresponds to the state of the art. All testing, measuring and repair work on a specific vehicle must be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications. The work described is performed at the user's own risk. Warranty claims against the authors or the pub- lisher are excluded. English edition: Modern Automotive Technology - Fundamentals, service, diagnostics 1st edition 2006 Impression 5 4 3 2 1 All impressions of the same edition can be used in parallel, as they do not differ from each other except with regard to the correction of printing errors. ISBN 3-8085-2301-8 All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. Any commercial use beyond the legally specified uses requires written approval from the publisher. Cover design and illustration using photographs and illustrations provided by Audi AG Ingolstadt – Neckarsulm, Bayerische Motorenwerke AG Munich, Neoman Bus GmbH Stuttgart, DaimlerChrysler AG Stuttgart, Volkswagen AG Wolfsburg. © 2006 by Verlag Europa-Lehrmittel, Nourney, Vollmer GmbH & Co. KG, 42781 Haan-Gruiten, Germany http://www.europa-lehrmittel.de Translation: STAR Deutschland GmbH, Member of the STAR Group Typesetting: STAR Deutschland GmbH, Member of the STAR Group Print: Media Print Informationstechnologie, D-33100 Paderborn, Germany F-Kfz 00 S.01-10 5.qxd 23.06.2006 8:45 Uhr Seite 3 Foreword 3 Foreword 1 "Modern Automotive Technology" is a standard work covering the subject of automotive technology. This first English edition is based on the 28th German edition of the title "Fachkunde Kraftfahrzeugtechnik". It has for many years proven to be a highly popular textbook used for training and further education. It provides apprentices, trainees, teachers and all those interested in this subject with the necessary theoretical knowledge in order to gain a firm grasp of the practical and technical skills involved. Fundamental, technical connections between individual systems are presented in a clear and compre- hensible way. The book is intended to be used as a reference work by employees in the automotive industry and in motor-vehicle service outlets, by teachers, apprentices, trainees and automotive-technology students to help them look up information and supplement their technical knowledge. The work is intended to be used by all those interested in automotive technology as a means of extending their technical knowledge through private study. The 22 chapters are logically arranged by subject and in their objectives are geared towards the changes in content that have occurred in the field of automotive technology. The book is particularly suitable for practically orientated training in all matters pertaining to motor vehicles. This work covers the latest developments in automotive technology, such as, for example, service and maintenance of vehicle systems, management, communication, FSI engines, supercharging technology, common-rail systems, twin-clutch gearboxes, electronic transmission control, electronic brake systems, compressed-air monitoring systems, adaptive cornering lights, high-frequency technology, electromag- netic compatibility and comfort and convenience systems such as adaptive cruise control, parking assis- tance and navigation. A large chapter is devoted to the subject of electrical engineering. Here, the detailed coverage of the fundamentals of electrical engineering forms the basis for all the crucial issues and topics pertaining to automotive electrics, up to and including data transmission in motor vehicles. A separate chapter is devoted to the increasing importance in engineering of comfort and convenience technology. Reference is made to German and European standards in the chapters on environmental protection and occupational safety, emissions-control engineering, braking technology and motorcycle engineering. However, the standards applicable in the respective individual countries are binding. The work features numerous coloured pictures, drawings and system diagrams as well as particularly clearly and comprehensibly laid-out tables. These will help the reader to digest and comprehend the complex subject matter. The work has been written and compiled – in close co-operation with the automotive trade and industry – by a team of educationally experienced vocational-school teachers, engineers and master tradesmen. The authors and the publishers will be grateful for any suggestions and constructive comments. We would like to thank all the companies and organisations who have kindly contributed pictures and technical documents. The Authors of the Automotive Technology Team Summer 2006 F-Kfz 00 S.01-10 5.qxd 23.06.2006 8:45 Uhr Seite 4 4 Abbreviations A/C Air conditioning CPU Central processing unit EMS Electronic engine A/F Air/fuel (mixture) CR Common rail management system ABC Active body control CS Crankshaft Eo Exhaust valve opens ABS Antilock braking system CSR Conti support ring EOBD European on board ABV Automatic braking-force CV Commercial vehicle diagnosis distribution CV Check valve EP Exhaust passage (German: Automatische CVlft Check valve left EPHS Electrically powered Bremskraftverteilung ) hydraulic steering CVrt Check valve right AC Alternating current EPS Electro-pneumatic control CVT Continuous variable system ACC Adaptive cruise control transmission ACEA Association des ESP Electronic stability Constructeurs Européens program DA Drive axle de l'automobile ETC Electronic throttle control DC Direct current ACS Automatic clutch system ETN European type number DI Direct injection AD Analogue-digital EV Exhaust valve DME Digital motor electronics (converter) FA Front axle DOHC Double overhead ADSL Asymmetrical digital FB Function button subscriber line camshaft FDI Fuel direct injection AGM Absorbing glas mat DOT Department of Transport FF Freeform (reflector) ALDBFR Automatic load- DSC Dynamic stability control FH Flat hump dependent brake-force DSG Direct-shift gearbox FL Front left regulator DSP Dynamic shift-program FOC Fibre-optic cable ALSD Automatic limited-slip selection differential DSST Dunlop self-supporting FOT Fibre-optical transceiver AM Amplitude modulation technology FR Front right API American Petroleum FSI Fuel stratified injection Institute EBS Electronic braking system FWD Four wheel drive ASC Anti-stability control Ec Exhaust valve closes ASTM American Society for ECE Economic Commission GDI Gasoline direct injection Testing and Materials for Europe GFRP Glass-fibre-reinforced ATF Automatic transmission ECM Electronic clutch plastic fluid management GI General inspection ATS Adaptive transmission ECS Electronic clutch system GMR Automatic regulation of control (system) ECU Electronic control unit yaw moment (German: EDC Electronic diesel control Giermomentregelung) BAS Brake assistant EDP Electronic data GPS Global positioning system BDC Bottom dead centre processing GVWR Gross vehicle weight EDTC Engine-drag torque rating CA Crankshaft angle control CS Camshaft EEPROM Electrically erasable HF High frequency CAN Controller area network programmable read-only HFM Hot-film air-mass meter memory CBS Combined brake system HGV Heavy goods vehicle EGR Exhaust gas recirculation CC Cruise control HNS Homogeneous EGS Electronic gearbox CDI Capacitive discharge numerically calculated control unit (German: ignition surface Elektronisches HS High-solid (paints) CFPP Cold filter plugging point Getriebesteuergerät) HTHS High temperature, CFRP Carbon-fibre-reinforced EH Extended hump plastic high shear EHB Electro-hydraulic braking HV Hybrid vehicle CH Combination hump system CIH Camshaft in head EI Emissions inspection IC Integrated circuit CIP Continuous improvement