Evaluating the Potential of Using Spodoptera Litura Eggs for Mass-Rearing Telenomus Remus, a Promising Egg Parasitoid of Spodoptera Frugiperda
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Egyptian Cottonworm Spodoptera Littoralis
Michigan State University’s invasive species factsheets Egyptian cottonworm Spodoptera littoralis The Egyptian cottonworm is a highly polyphagous defoliator of many cultivated plants. Its accidental introduction to Michigan may be a particular concern to vegetable, fruit and ornamental industries. Michigan risk maps for exotic plant pests. Other common names African cotton leafworm, Egyptian cotton leafworm, Mediterranean Brocade moth Systematic position Insecta > Lepidoptera > Noctuidae > Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) Global distribution Adult. (Photo: O. Heikinheimo, Bugwood.org) Most parts of Africa. Southern or Mediterranean Europe: Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Spain. Middle East: Israel, Syria, Turkey. Quarantine status The Egyptian cottonworm has been intercepted at least 65 times at U.S. ports of entry since 2004 (Ellis 2004). This insect has been detected in greenhouses in Ohio but was subsequently eradicated (Passoa 2008). It is listed as an exotic organism of high invasive risk to the United States (USDA-APHIS 2008). Plant hosts Larva. (Photo: Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Archive, A wide host range of at least 87 plant species over Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Bugwood.org) 40 plant families including many vegetable, fruit and ornamental crops. Some examples include alfalfa, white oblique bands; hind wings pale with brown margins. apples, avocados, beets, bell peppers, cabbage, carrots, Larva: Body up to 45 mm long and hairless; newly cauliflower, cereal, clover, corn, cotton, cucurbits, hatched larvae are blackish-grey to dark green; mature eggplants, figs, geraniums, grapes, lettuce, oaks, okra, larvae are reddish-brown or whitish-yellow; larvae have onions, peas, peanuts, pears, pines, poplars, potatoes, dark and light longitudinal bands and two dark, semi- radish, roses, soybeans, spinach, sunflowers, taro, tea, circular spots on their back. -
Cluster Caterpillar (Spodoptera Litura [Fabricius]) Ilse Schreiner, Ph.D., Associateprofessor of Entomology, University of Guam
Agricultural Pests of the Pacific ADAP 2000-3, Reissued February 2000 ISBN 1-931435-06-5 Cluster Caterpillar (Spodoptera litura [Fabricius]) Ilse Schreiner, Ph.D., AssociateProfessor of Entomology, University of Guam he moth of this Tspecies is widespread throughout Asia and is present in the Marianas, most of the Carolines, and the South Pacific region including American Sa- moa. Many vegetables and other crops are damaged by cluster caterpillars. Crops likely to be seriously damaged in this region in- clude the various taros, cabbage and its relatives, Large caterpillar on cabbage leaf Cluster of small caterpillars on taro leaf and tomatoes. The eggs of the cluster caterpillar (Spodoptera litura [Fabricius]) (Lepi- occurred. Several insecticides may also be used if doptera: Noctuidae) are laid in clusters of 200 to 300 necessary. When the use of chemicals is required, underneath leaves and covered with brown scales consult an Extension Agent at your local land grant from the body of the mother. They hatch in three to institution. In Guam, you may also consult the Fruit four days. The larvae feed in a group when they are and Vegetable Pesticide Guide for current recommen- young but spread out as they get older. When they dations and permissible uses. are mature they leave the plants and pupate in a small cell in the soil. The life cycle takes about 25 days. The adult moths are nocturnal and are not often seen. For Further Information: The larvae are primarily leaf feeders but may occa- American Samoa Community College (684) 699-1575 - fax (684) 699-5011 College of Micronesia (691) 320-2462 - fax (691) 320-2726 sionally cut young plants at the soil line. -
Spodoptera Litura (Fabricius)
Keys About Fact Sheets Glossary Larval Morphology References << Previous fact sheet Next fact sheet >> NOCTUIDAE - Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) Taxonomy Click here to download this Fact Sheet as a printable PDF Noctuoidea: Noctuidae: Noctuinae: Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) Common names: rice cutworm, cluster caterpillar, cotton leafworm, tobacco cutworm, tropical armyworm, Egyptian cottonworm Synonyms: Prodenia litura, Noctua histrionica, Noctua elata, Prodenia ciligera, Prodenia tasmanica, Prodenia subterminalis, Prodenia glaucistriga, Prodenia declinata, Mamestra albisparsa, Prodenia evanescens, Orthosia conjuncta Fig. 1: Late instar, lateral view Larval diagnosis (Summary) Mandible with scissorial teeth resulting in a serrate cutting edge Ground color green to yellow brown to dark blue gray Subdorsal area often not contrasting with paler dorsum Middorsal line often present and conspicuous Fig. 2: Late instar, lateral view Spiracular stripe, if interrupted on A1, then equal in intensity on both the thorax and abdomen Dorsal triangles, if present, usually with an apical white dot Abdominal spiracles usually with a large black dot dorsally and a white spot posteriorly From Middle East to Asia on a wide range of hosts Fig. 3: Early to mid-instar, lateral view Host/origin information More than 85% of all interception records at U.S. ports of entry for S. litura are from Thailand on orchids. Origin Host(s) Thailand Dendrobium, Oncidium Malaysia various Fig. 4: Early instar, lateral view Singapore various Recorded distribution Spodoptera litura is widely distributed throughout Asia and Australasia, from Afghanistan, northwestern India, and Pakistan to Korea, China, and Japan, south to Australia and New Zealand. It is also present on many Pacific Islands as well as in Hawaii (Pogue 2002). -
Factors Regulating the Population Dynamics and Damage Potential of Pollen Beetle (Meligethes Aeneus F.) on Crops of Oilseed Rape
Factors regulating the population dynamics and damage potential of pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus F.) on crops of oilseed rape Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Fakultät für Agrarwissenschaften der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen vorgelegt von Marie-Luise Tölle geboren in Gifhorn Göttingen, Mai 2014 D 7 1. Referentin/Referent: Prof. Dr. Stefan Vidal 2. Korreferentin/Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Andreas von Tiedemann Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 12.05.2011 Contents Table of contents page Chapter I General introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 The pest: Meligethes aeneus ............................................................................................. 2 Factors influencing the population dynamics of pollen beetle ............................................ 3 Possible effects of insecticides on population growth and damage of pollen beetle ........... 4 Parasitoids and parasitisation of pollen beetle ................................................................... 5 Trap cropping in oilseed rape ............................................................................................ 6 References ........................................................................................................................ 7 Chapter II Cultivar and phenology of winter oilseed rape affect the abundance and reproduction of Meligethes aeneus (Fabricius) ......................................................................................11 -
Histological Study of Slnpv Infection on Body Weight and Peritrophic Membrane Damage of Spodoptera Litura Larvae
ISSN: 2087-3940 (print) Vol. 2, No. 3, Pp. 135-140 ISSN: 2087-3956 (electronic) November 2010 Histological study of SlNPV infection on body weight and peritrophic membrane damage of Spodoptera litura larvae YAYAN SANJAYA1,♥, DADANG MACHMUDIN², NANIN DIAH KURNIAWATI² ¹Biology Program, Educational University of Indonesia (UPI). Jl. Setia Budhi No. 229, Bandung 40154, West Java, Indonesia; Tel./Fax.: +62-22-201383; email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 21 Augustus 2010. Revision accepted: 8 November 2010. Abstract. Sanjaya, Machmudin D, Kurniawati ND. 2010. Histological study of SlNPV infection on body weight and peritrophic membrane damage of Spodoptera litura larvae. Nusantara Bioscience 2: 135-140. The effect of SlNPV infection on body weight and peritrophic membrane damage of Spodoptera litura Fab. larvae has been carried out. The method was used Probit analysis, and based on LD 50 the virus was infected to know body weight and post infection damage.The damage of histological structure caused by SlNPV (0, 315, 390, 465, 540 dan 615 PIB/mL) was investigated after 0, 12, 24, 72 and 96 hours post infection. The histological material was prepared by using parafin method after fixation with Bouin Solution, then slice into 7 um and colored with Hematoxilin-Eosin. The result showed that the exposure SlNPV cause decreasing food consumption especially on 540 PIB/mL give average rate as amount of 0.1675 mg. The descriptive obsevation on structural intact of peritrophic membrane histology caused by SlNPV infection shows a tendency to decrease, while in control, there was no damage at all. The longer the exposition of virion in the midgut lumen the more damage on peritrophic membrane occurred. -
Fertility Table of an Exotic Parasitoid, Telenomus Remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on Spodoptera Litura (Fabricius)
J. Bioi. Control. 13: 25-31. 1999 Fertility table of an exotic parasitoid, Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) CHANDISH R. BALLAL and S. RAMANI Project Directorate of Biological Control P. B. No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, India ABSTRA CT: Fecundity studies on Telenomus remus, an exotic parasitoid of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) indicated that in individual rearing, net reproductive rate was higher (120.53) and the population increased with an infinitesimal rate of 0.399 and a finite rate of 1.491. In group rearing, the corresponding figures were lower, being 65.03, 0.348 and 1.416, respectively_ There was a preponderance of females in the individual rearing method, while a balanced sex ratio was obtained in group rearing. KEY WORDS: Fertility table, rearing, Spodoptera litura, Telenomus remus Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) cabbage (Krishnamoorthy and Mani, (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important 1985). The release of T. remus in the field polyphagous pest infesting 120 host plants has enhanced the biological control of and is a serious pest on cole crops, tobacco, Spodoptera species in Barbados (Alam, groundnut, taro and castor (Singh and 1974), India (Patel et ai., 1979) and Jalali, 1997). TelellOmus remus Nixon Venezuela (Hernandez et ai., 1989). (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) was recorded The construction of fertility tables to as an important parasitoid of S. litura in calculate certain vital statistics is an colocasia plantations in Western Samoa important component in the basic (Braune, 1982). This exotic parasitoid was understanding of the population dynamics introduced into India as one of the of a species (Southwood, 1978). -
Pesticidal Plants
Pesticidal Plants • Philip C. • Philip Stevenson, R. Steven Belmain and Murray B. Isman Pesticidal Plants From Smallholder Use to Commercialisation Edited by Philip C. Stevenson, Steven R. Belmain and Murray B. Isman Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Plants www.mdpi.com/journal/plants Pesticidal Plants Pesticidal Plants From Smallholder Use to Commercialisation Special Issue Editors Philip C. Stevenson Steven R. Belmain Murray B. Isman MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editors Philip C. Stevenson Steven R. Belmain Murray B. Isman University of Greenwich University of Greenwich University of British Columbia UK UK Canada Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Plants (ISSN 2223-7747) from 2019 to 2020 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/plants/special issues/Pesticidal). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03928-788-8 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03928-789-5 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of Philip C. Stevenson. c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. -
The Rice-Cotton Cutworm Spodoptera Litura
The rice-cotton cutworm Spodoptera litura Photo: Natasha Wright, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bugwood.org, #5190079 1 The Rice-cotton Cutworm • Generalist plant-feeding moth • Not yet established in the U.S. • Potentially high economic impact • Also known as: tobacco cutworm, cotton leafworm, cluster caterpillar, oriental leafworm moth and tropical armyworm Photo: M. Shepard, G. R.Carner, and P.A.C. Ooi, Insects & their Natural Enemies Associated with Vegetables & Soybean in Southeast Asia, Bugwood.org, #5368051 The rice-cotton cutworm (Spodoptera litura) is a polyphagous (feeds on many foods) pest of over 100 different host plants. It has not established in the U.S. (yet), but it is believed that it would cause a large economic impact. At the very least, pest establishment could result in increased insecticide use. It is also known as cluster caterpillar, common cutworm, cotton leafworm, tobacco cutworm, tobacco caterpillar, oriental leafworm moth, rice cutworm, and tropical armyworm. These common names derive from the different geographical regions in which this pest is found and the host plants on which they are found. 2 Hosts include: • Citrus • Crucifers • Soybeans • Onions • Potatoes • Sugarbeets • Sweet potatoes oranges • Cotton • Cauliflower • Apple cotton • Strawberry • Rice • Sugarcane • Roses • Peanuts • Tomato sugar cane tomatoes All photos licensed by Adobe Stock Photos This pest is a generalist on over 100 hosts. It can attack all citrus and their hybrids (Citrus spp.) and all crucifers (Brassica spp.). The host list includes (but is not limited to): Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) Allium cepa (onion) Begonia spp. Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (sugarbeet) Cicer arietinum (chickpea) Coffea sp. -
Advances in Taxonomy and Systematics of Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera)
Advances in Taxonomy and Systematics of Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera) Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Charuwat Taekul, M.S. Graduate Program in Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology ***** The Ohio State University 2012 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Norman F. Johnson, Advisor Dr. Johannes S. H. Klompen Dr. John V. Freudenstein Dr. Marymegan Daly Copyright by Charuwat Taekul 2012 ABSTRACT Wasps, Ants, Bees, and Sawflies one of the most familiar and important insects, are scientifically categorized in the order Hymenoptera. Parasitoid Hymenoptera display some of the most advanced biology of the order. Platygastroidea, one of the significant groups of parasitoid wasps, attacks host eggs more than 7 insect orders. Despite its success and importance, an understanding of this group is still unclear. I present here the world systematic revisions of two genera in Platygastroidea: Platyscelio Kieffer and Oxyteleia Kieffer, as well as introduce the first comprehensive molecular study of the most important subfamily in platygastroids as biological control benefit, Telenominae. For the systematic study of two Old World genera, I address the taxonomic history of the genus, identification key to species, as well as review the existing concepts and propose descriptive new species. Four new species of Platyscelio are discovered from South Africa, Western Australia, Botswana and Zimbabwe. Four species are considered to be junior synonyms of P. pulchricornis. Fron nine valid species of Oxyteleia, the new species are discovered throughout Indo-Malayan and Australasian regions in total of twenty-seven species. The genus Merriwa Dodd, 1920 is considered to be a new synonym. -
Conservation Biological Control Using Selective Insecticides – a Valuable Tool for IPM T ⁎ Jorge B
Biological Control 126 (2018) 53–64 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Control journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ybcon Conservation biological control using selective insecticides – A valuable tool for IPM T ⁎ Jorge B. Torresa, , Adeney de F. Buenob a Departamento de Agronomia/Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil b Embrapa Soja, Caixa Postal 231, Londrina, PR 86001-970, Brazil ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Conservation biological control (CBC) has widely benefited from ecological practices that enhance both the crop Nontarget and its surrounding environment. However, use of insecticides, whether biological or synthetic compounds, is Pesticide often detrimental to natural enemies. By definition toxic to insects, insecticides may cause direct mortality of Physiological selectivity natural enemies, reduce food resources (prey/host), or disrupt behavioral and biological processes. Therefore, Ecological selectivity choosing a selective insecticide or selectively applying are important decisions for conserving natural enemies if Soybean insecticide is required. In situations where both insecticide and natural enemy do not share the same target pest, Cotton an additive outcome is expected and CBC can minimize pest outbreaks and resurgence. Given that new, selective insecticides are usually more expensive than older ones, using the former typically adds cost per treated area. Therefore, choosing a selective insecticide becomes a matter of benefits and costs, considering the cost compared to other available treatments and potential pest problems. Beyond the differential toxicity of selective in- secticides to natural enemy and target pest species, some human decisions may produce insecticide selectivity, including application of minimal effective rates, and spatiotemporal separation of nonselective insecticides and natural enemies. -
Redalyc.Interspecific Interaction Between Telenomus Remus
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ISSN: 0001-3765 [email protected] Academia Brasileira de Ciências Brasil Carneiro, Tatiana R.; Fernandes, Odair A. Interspecific interaction between Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, vol. 84, núm. 4, diciembre, 2012, pp. 1127-1135 Academia Brasileira de Ciências Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=32724544012 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2012) 84(4): 1127-1135 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 www.scielo.br/aabc Interspecific interaction between Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs TATIANA R. CARNEIRO1 and ODAIR A. FERNANDES2 1Centro Universitário de Sete Lagoas - UNIFEMM, Av. Marechal Castelo Branco, 2765, 35701-242 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil 2Universidade Estadual Paulista/ UNESP/ FCAV, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Rod. Prof. Paulo D. Castellane, Km 5, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil Manuscript received on August 4, 2011; accepted for publication April 11, 2012 ABSTRACT This work aimes to evaluate the interspecific interaction betweenTrichogramma pretiosum and Telenomus remus, two biological control agents of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) eggs. Eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda previously parasitized by Telenomus remus were offered to Trichogramma pretiosum, and those parasitized by Trichogramma pretiosum were offered to Telenomus remus. -
Area-Wide Management of Insect Pests: Integrating the Sterile Insect and Related Nuclear and Other Techniques
Third FAO/IAEA International Conference on Area-Wide Management of Insect Pests: Integrating the Sterile Insect and Related Nuclear and Other Techniques BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Organized by the 22–26 May 2017 Vienna, Austria CN-248 Organized by the The material in this book has been supplied by the authors and has not been edited. The views expressed remain the responsibility of the named authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the government of the designating Member State(s). The IAEA cannot be held responsible for any material reproduced in this book. Table of Contents Session 1: Operational Area-wide Programme .............................................................................. 1 Past, Present and Future: A Road Map to Integrated Area-wide Systems and Enterprise Risk Management Approaches to Pest Control ......................................................................................... 3 Kenneth BLOEM Technological Innovations in Global Desert Locust Early Warning .................................................... 4 Keith CRESSMAN Area-wide Management of Rice Insect Pests in Asia through Integrating Ecological Engineering Techniques .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Kong Luen HEONG Exclusion, Suppression, and Eradication of Pink Bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders)) from the Southwestern USA and Northern Mexico............................................................................ 7 Eoin DAVIS