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Pesticidal Plants Pesticidal Plants • Philip C. • Philip Stevenson, R. Steven Belmain and Murray B. Isman Pesticidal Plants From Smallholder Use to Commercialisation Edited by Philip C. Stevenson, Steven R. Belmain and Murray B. Isman Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Plants www.mdpi.com/journal/plants Pesticidal Plants Pesticidal Plants From Smallholder Use to Commercialisation Special Issue Editors Philip C. Stevenson Steven R. Belmain Murray B. Isman MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editors Philip C. Stevenson Steven R. Belmain Murray B. Isman University of Greenwich University of Greenwich University of British Columbia UK UK Canada Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Plants (ISSN 2223-7747) from 2019 to 2020 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/plants/special issues/Pesticidal). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03928-788-8 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03928-789-5 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of Philip C. Stevenson. c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editors ..................................... vii Preface to ”Pesticidal Plants” ....................................... ix Sara Vitalini, Francesca Orlando, Valentina Vaglia, Stefano Bocchi and Marcello Iriti Potential Role of Lolium multiflorum Lam. in the Management of Rice Weeds Reprinted from: Plants 2020, 9, 324, doi:10.3390/plants9030324 .................... 1 G. Mandela Fern´andez-Grandon, Steven J. Harte, Jaspher Ewany, Daniel Bray and Philip C. Stevenson Additive Effect of Botanical Insecticide and Entomopathogenic Fungi on Pest Mortality and the Behavioral Response of Its Natural Enemy Reprinted from: Plants 2020, 9, 173, doi:10.3390/plants9020173 .................... 14 Angela G. Mkindi, Yolice L. B. Tembo, Ernest R. Mbega, Amy K. Smith, Iain W. Farrell, Patrick A. Ndakidemi, Philip C. Stevenson and Steven R. Belmain Extracts of Common Pesticidal Plants Increase Plant Growth and Yield in Common Bean Plants Reprinted from: Plants 2020, 9, 149, doi:10.3390/plants9020149 .................... 28 Mar´ıaJ. Pascual-Villalobos, Manuel Cant´o-Tejero, Pedro Guirao and Mar´ıaD. L´opez Fumigant Toxicity in Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae): Controlled Release of (E)-anethole from Microspheres Reprinted from: Plants 2020, 9, 124, doi:10.3390/plants9010124 .................... 39 Kelita Phambala, Yolice Tembo, Trust Kasambala, Vernon H. Kabambe, Philip C. Stevenson and Steven R. Belmain Bioactivity of Common Pesticidal Plants on Fall Armyworm Larvae (Spodoptera frugiperda) Reprinted from: Plants 2020, 9, 112, doi:10.3390/plants9010112 .................... 50 KateˇrinaKovaˇr´ıkov´aand Roman Pavela United Forces of Botanical Oils: Efficacy of Neem and Karanja Oil against Colorado Potato Beetle under Laboratory Conditions Reprinted from: Plants 2019, 8, 608, doi:10.3390/plants8120608 .................... 60 Angela G. Mkindi, Yolice Tembo, Ernest R. Mbega, Beth Medvecky, Amy Kendal-Smith, Iain W. Farrell, Patrick A. Ndakidemi, Steven R. Belmain and Philip C. Stevenson Phytochemical Analysis of Tephrosia vogelii across East Africa Reveals Three Chemotypes that Influence Its Use as a Pesticidal Plant Reprinted from: Plants 2019, 8, 597, doi:10.3390/plants8120597 .................... 71 Liliana Ruiz-V´asquez, Mat´ıas Reina, V´ıctor Fajardo, Mat´ıas Lopez´ and Azucena Gonz´alez-Coloma Insect Antifeedant Components of Senecio fistulosus var. fistulosus—Hualtata Reprinted from: Plants 2019, 8, 176, doi:10.3390/plants8060176 .................... 82 Naomi B. Rioba and Philip C. Stevenson Opportunities and Scope for Botanical Extracts and Products for the Management of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) for Smallholders in Africa Reprinted from: Plants 2020, 9, 207, doi:10.3390/plants9020207 .................... 94 v Victor Jaoko, Clauvis Nji Tizi Taning, Simon Backx, Jackson Mulatya, Jan Van den Abeele, Titus Magomere, Florence Olubayo, Sven Mangelinckx, Stefaan P.O. Werbrouck and Guy Smagghe The Phytochemical Composition of Melia volkensii and Its Potential for Insect Pest Management Reprinted from: Plants 2020, 9, 143, doi:10.3390/plants9020143 ....................111 Ricardo A. Rincon,´ Daniel Rodr´ıguez and Ericsson Coy-Barrera Botanicals Against Tetranychus urticae Koch Under Laboratory Conditions: A Survey of Alternatives for Controlling Pest Mites Reprinted from: Plants 2019, 8, 272, doi:10.3390/plants8080272 ....................122 vi About the Special Issue Editors Philip C. Stevenson is a Professor of Plant Chemistry at the Natural Resources Institute in the University of Greenwich (UK) where he leads Chemical Ecology research. He holds a dual position as an NERC Merit researcher and Head of Biological Chemistry and In Vitro research at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (UK). Phil’s research has focussed on the biological and ecological functions of plant chemicals and understanding how these compounds can be used in support of sustainable agriculture. His work includes research on pollen and nectar chemistry to determine their role in pollinator behaviour and health and behavioural ecology, natural pest resistance in crops to identify breeding traits and the optimisation of pesticidal plants (botanical insecticides) as benign and affordable alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Phil’s research is or has been funded by UK Research and Innovation (BBSRC), the European Union, Darwin Initiative, USDA and NSF (USA) and the Pewter Sowerby Foundation. His research is published in over 100 international journal articles, including recent papers in Science, Current Biology, Journal of Ecology, Ecological Monographs and Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. His work has been cited more than 5000 times. His international scientific role is represented through positions on the Editorial Boards of journals including Subject Editor at the Bulletin of Entomological Research, Regional Editor of Biopesticides International and the Editorial boards of Crop Protection, Industrial Crops and Products, Plants (MDPI) and Plants, People, Planet. Phil also advises the UK’s Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. He is a Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society and Member of the British Ecological Society and International Society of Chemical Ecology. Steven R. Belmain is a Professor of Ecology at the Natural Resources Institute in the University of Greenwich (UK) where he leads the institute’s research on small mammals and wildlife management. Steve’s research in the field of applied ecology has specialized in the sustainable management of vertebrates and invertebrates as crop pests and disease vectors affecting people living in rural and urban communities, improving the management of natural resources and advancing the livelihoods of the poor. His work on the optimizing the use of pesticidal plants in sub-Saharan Africa stretches back more than 20 years investigating their use in post-harvest insect pest management, their application to a variety of field crops targeting a range of arthropod pests and their integration in to agro-ecologically sustainable production systems. Further research interests include ecosystem services, ecological pest management, agroecology and ecological engineering, entomology, chemical ecology, eco-epidemiology of zoonoses, animal behaviour and small mammal ecology. As principal investigator Steve has led more than 15 multidisciplinary research projects collaborating with institutions in more than 50 countries across Europe, Africa and Asia with funding from the EU and European governments, UN agencies, the World Bank and charitable foundations. He is Associate Editor for the journal Wildlife Research, Fellow of the Royal Entomology Society, Fellow of the Higher Education Academy, Coordinating member of the International Society of Zoological Sciences, Committee member of the World Health Organization’s Global Leptospirosis Environmental Action Network, Member of the British Ecology Society, and author of over 100 publications in peer- reviewed journals, books and book chapters. vii Murray B. Isman was Professor of Entomology and Toxicology at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, and former Dean of the Faculty of Land and Food Systems. He performed extensive research for over 35 years in the areas of insect toxicology and behavior, with particular emphasis on the discovery and development of botanical insecticides. Others areas of research included insect-plant chemical interactions, metabolism of plant toxins by insects, habituation to antifeedants and insect memory, and non-target effects on pollinators and fish. He has authored over 200 refereed publications (cited >20,000 times according to Google Scholar). Collaborative research with industry has culminated in the commercialization of botanical insecticides partly developed in his
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