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Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) in the New World, with a Species Checklist and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Species from Mexico and Martinique

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Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) in the New World, with a Species Checklist and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Species from Mexico and Martinique University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology Entomology, Department of 2019 KEYS TO ADULTS OF ALL GENERA AND LARVAE OF 19 SPECIES OF GYMNETINI (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: CETONIINAE) IN THE NEW WORLD, WITH A SPECIES CHECKLIST AND DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW GENERA AND SPECIES FROM MEXICO AND MARTINIQUE Brett C. Ratcliffe Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyfacpub Part of the Entomology Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 73(1): 1–26. 2019. KEYS TO ADULTS OF ALL GENERA AND LARVAE OF 19 SPECIES OF GYMNETINI (COLEOPTERA:SCARABAEIDAE:CETONIINAE) IN THE NEW WORLD, WITH A SPECIES CHECKLIST AND DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW GENERA AND SPECIES FROM MEXICO AND MARTINIQUE BRETT C. RATCLIFFE Systematics Research Collections, University of Nebraska State Museum W-436 Nebraska Hall, University of Nebraska Lincoln, NE 68588-0514, USA [email protected] ABSTRACT Keys to adults of all 27 genera and larvae of 19 species in 10 genera of Gymnetini that occur in the New World are presented. Supplementing the key to adults is a checklist of all species, their synonyms, and all literature citations associated with the nomenclatural epithets. Two new genera, Gymnephoria Ratcliffe and Madiana Ratcliffe and Rom´e,with one new species each, are described from Mexico and Martinique, respectively. Key Words: flower chafers, taxonomy, new species, identification, nomenclature, synonyms DOI.org/10.1649/0010-065X-73.1.1 Zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DABCC591-6424-4546-A8D0-32B5DE6B69AA Our generation is the first to fully appreciate the key is provided for 19 species in 10 genera of the threats facing millions of species, known New World larval Gymnetini. and the last generation with the opportunity to explore, describe and classify life on Earth so completely. Species that are literally ours for the MATERIAL AND METHODS taking will soon be inaccessible The key characters and new generic and species to science at any cost. What we accomplish in descriptions were based on the following charac- taxonomic work in this century teristics: length from apex of pronotum to apex of will be a priceless legacy to all the generations elytra (the head may or may not be deflexed and, if of scientists, natural historians and educated measured, could give a misleading length); width humans that follow. across humeri; color and markings; interocular —— Q. D. Wheeler (2004) width (number of transverse eye diameters across the frons); form and sculpturing of the head, pro- All New World genera of Gymnetini have now been notum, elytra, and pygidium; form of the protibial completely revised or reviewed by me since 1978 (see and mesometasternal processes; sculpturing and references), although two new genera are described color of the abdominal sternites; and form of the herein. This taxonomic effort resulted in significant male parameres. Punctures are considered simple changes in the list of valid genera, species, and unless otherwise noted. Minute punctures are their synonyms since the catalogs of Schenkling generally not seen with 12.5X magnification but are (1921), Blackwelder (1944), and Krajcˇ´ık (1998). easily seen with 50X magnification. Small punc- While these catalogs may be useful for tracking the tures are easily seen with 12.5X magnification and history of specific epithets, they are of little value to can be seen with the naked eye. Large punctures are show the correct assignment of names, their syno- easily seen without the aid of instruments. Sparse nyms, and their distributions since these are often punctures are characterized by numerous puncture incorrect. diameters among them. Punctures moderate in A key is provided for the first time for the adults density have 3–5 puncture diameters among them. of all 27 genera of New World Gymnetini. The key Dense punctures have only ,1–2 puncture di- is supplemented with a new checklist of all species ameters among them. I use the phylogenetic species names, their synonyms, and literature associated concept as outlined by Wheeler and Platnick (2000). with each epithet that reflects the recent revisions or This concept defines species as the smallest ag- synopses. The key and checklist herein serve as a gregation of (sexual) populations diagnosable by a capstone summary of these revisions. An additional unique combination of character states. 1 2 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 73(1), 2019 Some morphological characters are illustrated 5(1ʹ). Surface of head, pronotum, and elytra to clarify specific statements in the identification distinctly setose ........................... 6 key. The habitus images are meant to represent 5ʹ. Dorsal surface not distinctly setose, exemplars of each genus of New World Gymnetini head and anterior angles of pronotum since illustrating all species in the tribe is beyond occasionally with short setae .......... 7 the scope of this work. 6(5). Clypeal apex with marginal bead. Male The authors and dates following generic and protibia tridentate. Male abdominal species epithets in the checklist are considered as sternites longitudinally sulcate at center literature citations in this work and not simply (Fig. 40). Female tarsomeres slender. taxonomic data as implied by the punctuation. Southern Brazil, Bolivia; 2 species .... .... Hoplopygothrix Sch¨urhoff (Fig. 41) 6ʹ. Clypeal apex lacking marginal bead. KEY TO THE ADULTS OF THE GENERA OF Male protibia bidentate. Male abdomi- nal sternites normal, planar, not longi- GYMNETINI IN THE NEW WORLD tudinally sulcate. Female tarsomeres 1. Basomedian lobe of pronotum covers short, compact (Fig. 50). Southern less than half of scutellum (Fig. 17) ... South America; 3 species ................ ................................................. 2 ................. Neocorvicoana Ratcliffe 1ʹ. Basomedian lobe of pronotum strongly and Mic´o (Fig. 51) produced posteriorly, covering all but 7(5ʹ). Head with clypeal apex and/or frons with extreme tip of scutellum (Fig. 23)……5 horn, keel, lobe, or prominence (Figs. 2, 2(1). Metafemur greatly enlarged in both sexes 18, 20) (only Allorrhina and Argyripa (Figs. 15, 17). Metatibial apex in male females lack armature) .................... 8 elongated into stout, acute spine and with 1 7ʹ. Head in both sexes lacking armature of articulated spur (Fig. 16). Southern South any kind ................................... 14 America; 2 species .............................. 8(7). Head and/or pronotum and elytra with ............... Blaesia Burmeister (Fig. 17) scales or scale-like setae (Fig. 13). 2ʹ. Metafemur not enlarged. Metatibial Mexico, Central America; 4 species ... apex lacking elongated spine .......... 3 ......... Balsameda Thomson (Fig. 14) 3(2ʹ). Elytral surface strongly striate, rugo- 8ʹ. Dorsal surface lacking scales or scale- punctate, lacking cretaceous marks (Fig. like setae ................................... 9 34). Northern Mexico; 2 species .......... 9(8ʹ). Frons on each lateral margin above ........................ Halffterinetis Mor´on antennal insertion with short, pointed, and Nogueira (Fig. 34) anteriorly projecting horn, acute tooth, 3ʹ. Elytral surface not strongly striate, or laterally compressed ridge in at least nearly smooth, with or without punc- males (Figs. 9, 18) ..................... 10 tures, nearly always with cretaceous 9ʹ. Frons on each lateral margin lacking ante- marks ........................................ 4 riorly projecting horn, acute tooth, or later- 4(3ʹ). Length from apex of pronotum to apex ally compressed horn or ridge ............ 11 of elytra 18 mm or longer. Elytra shiny 10(9). Frons, clypeus, and pygidium with long, black with transverse, bright cretaceous dense, reddish brown setae (Fig. 18). bands or spots at about middle (Fig. 27) Frons on lateral margin above antennal or with small, cretaceous spot on lat- insertion with short, pointed, anteriorly eral margin just behind middle. Meso- projecting horn or acute tooth in both metasternal process moderately long, sexes (Fig. 18). Clypeal apex in both extending past mesocoxae in lateral view. sexes with short horn. Length greater Southwestern USA to Guatemala; 6 than 28 mm. Panama, Costa Rica; 1 species ..... Gymnetina Casey (Fig. 27) species ..... Chiriquibia Bates (Fig. 19) 4ʹ. Length from apex of pronotum to apex of 10ʹ. Frons, clypeus, and pygidium lacking elytra less than 12.5 mm. Elytra opaque long, dense setae. Male frons on lateral dark reddish brown or piceous with margin above antennal insertion with numerous, transverse, dull cretaceous vertical, attenuate, laterally compressed flecks. Mesometasternal process short, horn or ridge (Fig. 9); clypeal apex virtually obsolete, not extending past lacking armature. Female lacking ar- mesocoxae in lateral view. Northeastern mature on frons or clypeus. Length less and central Mexico; 1 species ............ than 26 mm. Central America, northern .................... Gymnephoria Ratcliffe, South America; 5 species ................ new genus (Fig. 26) ........... Argyripa Thomson (Fig. 10) THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 73(1), 2019 3 11(9ʹ). Pronotum at center apex in males of body (Fig. 22). Panama to Argentina; slightly produced, females with erect 3
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