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Research Collection Research Collection Journal Issue disP - The Planning Review Publication Date: 1996 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-000981948 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library DISP 151 2 2002 Martina Koll-Schretzenmayr Eine Reise in das Reich der Mitte “This is a country where everything is changing be- Sonderwirtschaftszone Shenzen im Margrit Hugentobler, Beisis Jia, Fred fore your eyes, and a visitor can return after a Pearl River Delta, die 2002 mit dem Moavenzadeh und Keisuke Hanaki prä- year’s absence and be surprised at the transforma- tion”. (Logan, 2002: 21) Global 500 Roll of Honour des United sentieren die im Rahmen der Alliance Nations Environment Programme ausge- for Global Sustainability durchgeführte Während der Vorbereitungen für das zeichnet wurde. Ausschlaggebend für Forschungskooperation zwischen der Themenheft Urban and Regional Sus- den Weg Shenzens zur Nachhaltigkeit ETH Zürich, dem MIT und der University tainability in China haben drei Beob- waren die Entscheidung für ein garden of Tokyo, die zum Ziel hat, in Guang- achtungen meine Diskussionen, die ich city Konzept, der Konkurrenzkampf um zhou nachhaltige Entwicklung in den mit westlichen Kolleginnen und Kollegen ausländisches Investitionskapital und Bereichen Transport, Wohnungsbau, führte, die vor Ort in China als Archi- Chinas Agenda 21. Wasserwirtschaft und Nutzungsplanung tekten, Denkmalpfleger und Planer gear- Mark Yaolin Wang untersucht die zu etablieren. beitet haben, wie ein roter Faden durch- Frage, welche Auswirkungen die Libera- Jacques P. Feiner, Diego Salmerón, zogen: Zum Ersten das grosse Erstaunen lisierung des Hukou Systems, mit welcher Ernst Joos und Willy A. Schmid reflektie- über den raschen Wandel in China – in der ländlichen Bevölkerung Ende 2001 ren anhand der Erfahrungen, die im räumlicher, ökonomischer und sozialer eine legale Zuwanderung in Kleinstädte Rahmen der seit 1996 laufenden Pla- Hinsicht. Zum Zweiten die kulturellen ermöglicht wurde, voraussichtlich auf nungs- und Beratungstätigkeit für den Unterschiede und die auf der Sprach- Chinas urbanes System haben wird. Grossraum Kunming gewonnen wur- barriere begründeten Verständigungs- Sung-Cheol Lee und Kark-Bum Lee un- den, über die Möglichkeiten, im Rah- schwierigkeiten. Zum Dritten der Hin- tersuchen die regionale Fragmentierung men einer Städtepartnerschaft Impulse weis auf rasche kollegiale Vertrauensbil- Chinas infolge der ungleichen Vertei- für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung zu in- dung als Basis einer fruchtbaren Zusam- lung ausländischer Investitionen. Das itiieren. menarbeit und eines erfolgreichen Er- sich hauptsächlich auf die östlichen Pro- Lin Wei und Tang Chong geben einen fahrungsaustausches mit den chinesi- vinzen entlang der Küste konzentrie- Überblick über die Erfolgsgeschichte schen Kooperationspartnern. rende Kapital ausländischer Kapitalge- wie auch die noch anstehenden Heraus- In den persönlichen Gesprächen be- ber hat in der Post-Mao-Ära zu erhebli- forderungen der ersten Buslinie in Kun- merkte ich stets die uneingeschränkte chen regionalen Disparitäten geführt. ming mit separater Busspur, die 1999 Faszination für das Land, aber auch für Jeff Kenworthy und Gang Hu analy- anlässlich der in Kunming durchgeführ- die planerischen Herausforderungen sieren Chinas Siedlungs- und Transport- ten Weltgartenausstellung eröffnet wur- vor Ort. Obwohl nie explizit ausgespro- strukturen und kommen zu dem Schluss, de. chen, war unterschwellig immer zu dass China im internationalen Vergleich Werner Stutz hat seit Mitte der spüren, dass die treibende Kraft für derzeit hohe Siedlungsdichten und ei- 1990er-Jahre den Aufbau des Altstadt- langjährige Kooperationen mit chinesi- nen geringen Automobilisierungsgrad schutzes in der Stadt Kunming fachlich schen Partnern ein «Alles ist möglich, aufweist, jedoch in den vergangenen begleitet und unterstützt. Er berichtet das Unerwartete ist das Wahrschein- Jahren enorme Zuwachsraten insbeson- über den Transfer schweizerischer denk- lichste» ist. dere im Mobilisierungsgrad und bei malpflegerischer Arbeitsweisen und In- Mit den Beiträgen in diesem Heft kön- Strassenbauinvestitionen zu verzeich- ventarisierungsmethoden, zugeschnitten nen nur Schlaglichter gesetzt werden – nen hatte. Sie weisen auf die besondere auf die Verhältnisse und Anforderungen zu gross ist das Land, zu vielfältig sind Verantwortung der chinesischen Planer vor Ort in Kunming. die regionalen Verhältnisse, zu rasch ist und Entscheidungsträger hin, die beste- Mit Jacques P. Feiner, Mi Shiwen und der Wandel und zu umfangreich sind henden Qualitäten der chinesischen Willy A. Schmid verlassen wir am Ende die Herausforderungen. Sehr unter- Siedlungsstrukturen zu erhalten und unserer imaginären Reise die Metropo- schiedlich ist bei den einzelnen Beiträ- langfristig zu sichern. len Chinas und statten dem Shaxi Valley gen der Betrachtungsfokus, welcher von Bryn Sadownik und Mark Jaccard dis- in der Provinz Yunnan, der letzten erhal- der Einführung einer Buslinie in Kunming kutieren, wie die Siedlungsform den ten gebliebenen Karawanserei eines bis zur regionalen Verteilung der auslän- Energieverbrauch und den damit ver- Seitenastes der Seidenstrasse, einen Be- dischen Investitionen in China reicht. Die bundenen Schadstoffausstoss beein- such ab. Das entlegene Tal am Fusse unterschiedlichen Brennweiten der Unter- flusst. Sie setzen ein Modell ein, wel- des Himalaya gibt Einblick in die Prob- suchungsoptik, die zur Anwendung kom- ches für China zwei alternative Sied- lematik des ländlichen Chinas. Das men, und die Themenvielfalt, die behan- lungsentwicklungsszenarien gegenüber- 2001 gestartete Shaxi Valley Rehabilita- delt wird – von Altstadtschutz bis Trans- stellt. Neben dem Trendszenario wird tion Project möchte auf der Basis einer port – bieten aber möglicherweise ge- ein Szenario betrachtet, welches auf umfassenden Regionalplanung gezielt rade den besonderen Reiz dieser ima- das Community Energy Management die kulturellen, naturräumlichen und de- ginären Reise in das Reich der Mitte, de- (CEM), das sich unter anderem an Nut- mografischen Potenziale dieses Raumes ren Stationen sich wie folgt gestalten: zungsmischung, hohen Dichten und Ein- für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung nut- Mee Kam Ng gibt einen Überblick satz öffentlichen Verkehrs orientiert, aus- zen. über Nachhaltige Entwicklung in der gerichtet ist. DISP 151 3 2002 Martina Koll-Schretzenmayr Imaginary Journey through China “This is a country where everything is changing be- the competition for foreign investment ming metropolitan area since 1996, re- fore your eyes, and a visitor can return after a capital, and China’s Agenda 21. flect on the possibilities of initiating new year’s absence and be surprised at the transforma- tion.” (Logan, 2002: 21) Mark Yaolin Wang investigates what impulses for sustainable development effects will result to China’s urban sys- within the framework of a city partner- During the preparations for this issue tem through the liberalization in late ship. covering “Urban and Regional Sustain- 2001 of the Hukou system to allow rural Lin Wei and Tang Chong provide an ability in China,” three observations inhabitants to migrate to small cities and overview of the success story associated stood out from my discussions with west- towns. with the first center-lane bus line in Kun- ern colleagues who have shared with Sung-Cheol Lee and Kark-Bum Lee ming, while also pointing to the chal- me their experiences in cooperating examine the regional fragmentation of lenges that still lie ahead. with Chinese counterparts in the fields China as a consequence of the uneven Werner Stutz has supported the devel- of architecture, spatial planning, and distribution of foreign investment. The opment of city preservation initiatives in cultural preservation. First among these concentration of foreign capital in the Kunming since the mid-1990s. He re- is the astonishing speed of change in eastern coastal provinces has led to sig- ports on the transfer of Swiss methods China from the spatial, economic, and nificant regional disparities in the post- for the preservation of cultural assets social perspectives. Second, the cultural Mao era. and monuments adapted to the specific differences and the communication diffi- Jeff Kenworthy and Gang Hu analyze local circumstances and challenges culties arising from language barriers. China’s settlement and transportation found in Kunming. Finally, the fact that despite the many structures and come to the conclusion With Jacques P. Feiner, Mi Shiwen, barriers, relationships of trust did de- that China exhibits high settlement con- and Willy A. Schmid, we leave the met- velop leading to successful cooperation centrations and low levels of motoriza- ropolitan regions of China and end our and valuable exchanges of knowledge tion in international comparison, but has journey in the Shaxi Valley of Yunnan and experience. attained tremendous growth in road Province, the last remaining caravan- Throughout the course of my conver- construction investments in the last few serai on an offshoot of the Silk Road. sations, I noticed the uniform fascination years. They refer to the special responsi- The isolated valley at the foot of the Hi- for the country, but also for its specific bility of Chinese planning officials to malaya provides a glimpse into the spatial challenges. Although never ex- preserve
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